Energy Storage for micro- and mini- grids in urban and ... Storage for micro- and mini- ... Power...

Energy Storage for micro- and mini-grids in urban and rural Africa

Maxine Ghavi, Group SVP, Program Director Microgrid, ABB

Transition from a centralized to a distributed grid

Energy and grid transformation

December 5, 2017 Slide 2

Traditional grid New grid

New developments are accelerating the transition

Global trend – Big shift in the electrical value chain

Energy and grid transformation


DER: Distributed Energy Resources

Generation mix

Renewable share: ~40% of capacity by 2035

Greater volatility, less predictability

More feed-in nodes

Power transmission and distribution

Increasing complexity

Control/ information flow is key value driver

Transmission: Longer distances,higher voltages

Micro-/ Nano-grids

On-and off-grid

Control/ automation on “local” level

Energy storage is key

Generation at the point of consumption and always available

Microgrid


Distributed energy resources and loads that can be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either connected to the main power grid or in “islanded”* mode.

Microgrids are low or medium voltage grids without power transmission capabilities and are typically not geographically spread out.

Microgrid definition

Solar PV power plant

Wind power plant

Remote asset management

and data analytics

Advanced powerdistribution and

protection

Conventional power

Grid connection

Modular scalable energy storage and grid

stabilization

Commercial loads

Industrial loads

Distributed control system Residential

loads

Islanded mode: ability to provide power independently from the main power grid

Covering a diverse range of applications

Microgrid segments and main drivers


Main drivers

Social Economic Environmental Operational

Segments Typical customersAccess to electricity

Fuel & cost savings

Reduce CO2 footprint

Fuel independence

Uninterrupted supply

Island utilities (Local) utility, IPP* ()

Remote communities

(Local) utility, IPP, Governmental development institution, development bank

Industrial and commercial

Mining company, IPP, Oil & Gas company, Datacenter, Hotels & resorts, Food & Beverage

()

DefenseGovernmental defense institution () ()

Urban communities

(Local) utility, IPP ()

Institutions and campuses

Private education institution,IPP, Government education institution

() ()

IPP: Independent Power Producer

Off

-gri

d

We

ak

gri

d

Gri

d-c

on

ne

cte

d

: Main driver

: Secondary driver()

Generation at the point of consumption and always available


Microgrid

Solar PV power plant

Wind power plant

Remote asset management and

data analytics

Advanced powerdistribution and

protection

Conventional power

Grid connection

Commercial loads

Industrial loads

Distributed control system Residential loads

Modular scalable energy storage and grid stabilization

Energy storage provides multiple benefits for microgrids


– Access to electricity

– Maximize reliability

– Uninterrupted supply

– Reduce environmental impact

– Maximize renewable energy contribution

– Fuel & cost savings

– Fuel independence

– Provide grid services

1. Stabilizing

2. Spinning reserve

3. STATCOM (static synchronous compensator)

4. Seamless transition between islanded and grid-connected states

5. Standalone operation

6. Smoothing

7. Shaving

8. Shifting

Operational goals Power system functions – “8S”

Renewablepower

Energy storage and grid stabilization

Microgridcontrol system

Response times and energy and power requirements

8S applications


Application Time frameEnergy requirement

Power requirement

S1 Standalone milliseconds low high

S2 Seamless transition milliseconds/seconds low high

S3 Stabilize (V & f support) seconds low high

S4 Statcom (power quality) seconds zero high

S5 Spinning reserve seconds/minutes medium high

S6 Smoothing minutes medium medium

S7Shaping (Peaklopping/shaving)

minutes/hours medium low

S8 Shifting (load leveling) hours high low

Grid-connected and off-grid

Application and segment mapping

December 5, 2017 Application enabled through aggregation of distributed assetsSlide 9

ApplicationsLocation in the grid

(does not imply ownership) Market segments

Self-consumption

Backup power

Peak shaving

Time shifting

Arbitrage

Short duration balancing: frequencyregulation

Flexible capacity: spinning / peaking reserve

Integration of renewables: ramp rate control, stability

T&D upgrade deferral (“non-wires alternative”)

Be

hin

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ter

Uti

lity

-sid

e o

f m

ete

r

• Co-located with other generation sources

• Standalone: connected directly to the grid

Re

sid

en

tia

l

Co

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erc

ial &

in

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ial

Uti

lity

Off

-gri

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Grid-connected applications capture up to 90% of market revenue

Application forecast by segment

December 5, 2017 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, IHS research, ABB analysisSlide 10

Value spread across segments in both emerging and developed markets

$39 Bn cumulative 2017-25 Main applications Key markets

Utility – Ancillary services– Peaking capacity– RE integration– T&D support and upgrade deferral

USA, AU

Europe (DE, IT, UK)

India

Middle East

C&I – Increasing solar self-consumption

– Backup power– Peak shaving & ToU

charges

USA, AU, India

Europe (DE, IT, UK)

Sub-Saharan Africa

Residential – Increasing solar self-consumption

– Backup power

USA, AU

Europe (DE, IT, UK)

India

Off-grid – Electrification– Backup power– Grid stability

Sub-Saharan Africa

India

South-East Asia

Off-grid

Utility40%

12%

21%

27%

Commercial & Industrial

Residential

Double-digit volume growth drives cost competitiveness

Long-term growth forecast

December 5, 2017 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, IHS research, ABB analysisSlide 11

Annual installations, GW Utility-scale deployments dominate in the short term.

– Energy storage becoming increasingly important as network operators seek to integrate rising levels of variable renewable generating capacity

Behind-the-meter gains major traction by 2025 as payback for end-user systems becomes economically attractive.

– PV + storage systems for self consumption, backup power, power quality and peak shaving an attractive value proposition for C&I customers

Village electrification and C&I installations drive growth in off-grid segment

– Delivering reliable, affordable and clean electricity for universal access to power

29% CAGR17-25

Be

hin

d t

he

me

ter

1,3

9,5

Uti

lity

11,9

2024

1,1

21,8

2021

11,9

0,8

4,7

6,4

2020

9,6

0,7

3,8

5,2

2019 2023

17,7

0,9

7,5

9,3

2022

11,2

0,9

5,9

7,8

25,3

12,0O

ff-g

rid

14,6

2025

7,4

0,5

2,8

4,0

2018

5,5

0,4

2,1

2,9

2017

3,7

0,41,4

1,9

2016

2,4

0,30,8

1,3

Energy storage cost reduction forecast

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, November 2017. Results based on industry survey for utility-scale storage installations using Li-On batteriesDecember 5, 2017 Slide 12

20% cost reduction along value chain in 2017-20

CAPEX for a fully-installed energy storage system (1MW/1MWh)

241 214 193 172 156 142 129 118 109

8074

7164

6057 54 52 50

6865

6359

5755

53 52 50

58

5451

4644

4240

38 36

100

9593

8783

8178

7674

84

7873

6662

5955

5250

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

631

369

20252018

581

2017

544

2019 2024

389

2021

462

Re

al 2

017

$/

KW

h

2020

495

2023

410

2022

435

Average costreduction

p.a. 2017-25

Other indirect costsEnergy management system EPCBalance of systemInverterBattery

-9%

-6%

-4%

-6%

-4%

-6%

References

Global references

ABB in microgrid


Kodiak Island

Chugach Hybrid Storage

La Gomera Island

Lanzarote Island

Marsabit Wind FarmICRC Logistics

Center

Longmeadow

Mawson Station, AntarcticaRoss Island, Antarctica

Shin Hidaka PV PlantShin Chitose Kashiwadai PV Plant

Cocos (Keeling) Island

Marble Bar

Faial IslandFlores

Island

Alinta Energy

DeGrussa MineLaing O‘Rourke Construction Camp

AusNet Services

Robben IslandGarden Island

WEB Aruba

Vadodara

ABB in microgrid: selected global references

Chugach, Alaska, US

(Wind, Diesel, Storage, Flywheel)

AusNet Services, AU

(Storage, Diesel, Grid)

Microgrid system consists of:

– Wind (11 x 1.6 MW)

– PowerStore Flywheel (1 x 1 MW)

– PowerStore Battery (1 x 2 MW)

– Diesel (1 x 17.6 MW, 1 x 9 MW, 1 x 3.6 MW, 1 x 0.76 MW)

Customer benefits:

– Reduce wind ramp rate violations

– Reduce Area Control Error (ACE) violations

– Allow for additional wind capacity to be constructed


– PowerStore-Battery

– Transformer and diesel generator

– Microgrid Plus Control System

Customer benefits:

– Manage peak demand – Active and reactive power during high demand

– Transition to island operation without supply interruption

– Delay of power line investments

Marble Bar, AU

(Solar, Diesel, Flywheel)


– Diesel (4 x 320kW)

– Solar PV plant (1 x 300kW)

– PowerStore-flywheel (1 x 500kW)

– Microgrid Plus System

Customer benefits:

– Reliable and stable power supply

– Minimize diesel consumption and CO2 emissions

– 60% of the day time electricity demand generated by the PV plant


ABB in microgrid: selected Africa references

ICRC, Nairobi, Kenya

(Solar, Diesel, Storage, Grid)


– 150 kW/100kWh PowerStore Battery


– 30 kWp rooftop solar PV plant

– Diesel generators (1 x 150 kVA)

Customer benefits:

– Reliable and stable supply despite outages and power quality issues.

– Seamless transition between grid-connected and islanded mode

– Reduced fuel costs and carbon footprint

Johannesburg, ZA

(Solar, Diesel, Storage, Grid)


– 750 kWdc rooftop PV plant

– 1 MVA/380 kWh PowerStore Battery


Customer benefits:

– Reliable and stable power supply

– Optimized renewable energy contribution to the facility

– Transition to island operation without supply interruption

– CO2 reduction: over 1,000 tons/year


Robben Island, ZA

(Solar, Diesel, Storage)


– 500 kW / 837 kWh PowerStoreBattery


– 667 kWp Solar PV plant

– Diesel generators (1 x 500 kVA)

Customer benefits:

– Lower fuel costs and carbon emissions by 75 %

– Wireless network enables remote monitoring from Cape Town and eliminates need to maintain a workforce on the island

Resilient and cost effective power anywhere, anytime

Energy storage for microgrids


Reliable, proven technology

Plug and play

Easy to transport and to install

Scalable and modular

Market enablers

Energy storage enables reliable and affordable power in cities, industries and remote communities.

Summary


Energy Storage for micro- and mini- grids in urban and ... Storage for micro- and mini- ... Power...

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