Energy Statement for Planning For Link Drive, Hatfield

Lovell Partnerships Ltd Link Drive, Hatfield

Energy Statement for Planning For Link Drive, Hatfield

Link Drive, Hatfield Energy Statement for Planning © MLM Consulting Engineers Limited

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Notice

This document and its contents have been prepared and intended solely for Lovell Partnerships Ltd’s information and use in relation to Link Drive, Hatfield.

MLM Consulting Engineers Limited assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents.

Document History

Client: Lovell Partnerships Ltd Project: Link Drive, Hatfield Document Title: Energy Statement for Planning Document Reference: L486330-MLM-00-XX-RP-00-0005 MLM Reference: MDSE/7140686/JKS

Revision Status Description Author Checked/Approved Date

00 P Issued for Planning James Stephenson/ Roaa Babiker

James Stubbings 26/11/2020


James Stubbings / Cyril Knabe-Nicol

04/12/2020


James Stubbings / Cyril Knabe-Nicol

07/12/2020



Contents

1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 1

2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Planning Policy Requirement ........................................................................................................................... 6

Legislation ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Planning Polices.............................................................................................................................................. 9 Regional Policies........................................................................................................................................... 10

4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 11

Domestic Areas ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Non-domestic Areas (Landlord areas) .......................................................................................................... 11

5 'Baseline' Carbon Emissions (TER) ............................................................................................................... 12

6 ‘Be Lean’ Stage – Reduction by Energy Efficiency Measures ....................................................................... 13

Proposed Lean Measures ............................................................................................................................. 13 Enhanced Building Fabric U-Values .............................................................................................................. 13 Enhanced Air Tightness ................................................................................................................................ 13 Thermal Bridging (Y-Value) ........................................................................................................................... 13 Energy Strategy ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Ventilation ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Heating ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Cooling ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Domestic Hot Water ..................................................................................................................................... 15

Lighting ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Efficient Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Parameters ....................................................... 15

7 Cooling and Overheating ............................................................................................................................. 18

Cooling Hierarchy ......................................................................................................................................... 18

8 ‘Be Clean’ – Selection of Efficient Energy Supply ......................................................................................... 19

Connection to Existing Low Carbon Heating Infrastructure ......................................................................... 19 Feasibility of CHP Scheme ........................................................................................................................... 19

9 ‘Be Green’ ..................................................................................................................................................... 20

Green Technologies ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Proposed Renewable Technologies Applicable to the Proposed Development ........................................... 20

10 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 22

Appendix A - ‘Baseline’ BRUKL Output Document and SAP Document



Appendix B - ‘Be Lean’ BRUKL Output Document and SAP Document

Appendix C - ‘Be Green’ BRUKL Output Document and SAP Document

Appendix D - GLA Carbon Factor Spreadsheet

Appendix E - Discounted Renewable Technologies and Reasons for Exclusion from Development


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1 Executive Summary

This report has been prepared on behalf of Lovell Partnership Ltd (the “applicant”) for the planning application of Link Drive, Hatfield (the “proposed development). The development is a new build residential development.

The development will implement significant energy efficiency measures, to achieve the required 10% carbon emission reductions by the Local Authority using the latest carbon factors (SAP 10). The residential flats are anticipated to pass Fabric Energy Efficiency (FEE) and reduce carbon emissions by 34.3 % compared to Part L1A 2013 using SAP 10 carbon factors as it responds very well to the heat pump technology proposed for the development. While the Landlord areas (non domestic) achieved 27.9% against Part L2A. The proposed development will be fully compliant with the approved Document Part L1A and 2A 2012.

The following strategy will be implemented for the proposed development:

• ‘Be Lean’: Energy efficiency measures to improve the building fabric and services includes: High performance U-Values (0.18 for external walls, 0.16 for roof, 0.16 for the ground floor and 1.4 for windows (double glazed) in W/m2K, good air tightness (maximum of 3m3/m2/hr at 50Pa)).

• ‘Be Clean’: no further clean technology has been incorporated due to the Green measures being implemented.

• ‘Be Green’: Air Source Heat Pumps have been deemed as the most feasible technology for this part of the scheme providing heating and domestic hot water with heat recovery.

The energy efficiency measures included within this report represent current best practice and the use of a low and zero carbon technology.

The conclusions of the assessment are summarised in the following tables:

Table 1 – Residential Emissions (SAP 10 carbon factors)

Carbon Dioxide

Emissions (Tonnes/Annum)

Incremental CO2 Emissions Reduction

(%)

Total CO2 Emissions Reduction

Step 1 –Baseline 47.9

Step 2 – ‘Be Lean’ 50.2 -5.0

Step 3 – ‘Be Clean’ 50.3 0

Step 4 – ‘Be Green’ 31.5 39.3 34.3



Figure 1 – Residential Carbon Saving for SAP 10 Carbon Factors

Table 2 – Non Domestic Emissions for the landlord areas (SAP 10 carbon factors)

Carbon Dioxide



(%)

Total CO2 Emissions Reduction


Step 2 – ‘Be Lean’ 7.5 27.9


Step 4 – ‘Be Green’ 7.5 0 27.9

47.950.2 50.3

31.5

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

BuildingRegulations 2013Part L Compliant

Development

LEAN - After energydemand reduction

CLEAN - Same asLean

GREEN - AfterRenewable Energy

Tonn

es o

f CO

2/an

num

Energy Hierarchy Bar Chart



Figure 2 – Non Domestic Carbon Saving for the landlord’s areas for SAP 10 Carbon Factors

10.4

7.5 7.5 7.5

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Building Regulations2013 Part LCompliant

Development


CLEAN - Same asLean


Tonn

es o

f CO

2/an

num




2 Introduction

MLM Consulting Engineers Ltd have been commissioned by Lovell Partnership Ltd to undertake an Energy Statement to accompany the Planning Application for the development known as Link Drive, Hatfield.

The proposed development is in Hatfield, Hertfordshire. The development consists of a single block with 5 storeys of residential space including a mixture of affordable and private apartments. There is a car park, cycle store, bin store and plant space at Ground Level.

Table 3 – Area Split

Storeys Apartment Quantity Apartment NIA (m2)

Link Drive 6 80 5,030

The site is bound by B6426 to the north, Goldings House to the east, Link Drive to the south and a roundabout to the west.

Figure 3 – Link Drive Site Plan

Figure 4 Link Drive Elevation

The proposed development is required by Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council (WHBC) to make carbon emission reductions in accordance with the Welwyn Hatfield District Plan and Welwyn Hatfield Local Plan and Sustainable Hertfordshire Strategy 2020.

The aim of this report is to assess feasible carbon emission reductions through the integration of efficient energy measures, the use of low and zero carbon (LZC) technologies and communal/district based low carbon heating and power generation.

This report demonstrates how the design has limited carbon emissions by reducing the energy demand of the development. Measures proposed include passive design, energy efficiency measures, generating heat in a clean and efficient system and by using on-site renewable energy systems to further reduce the overall carbon emissions of the development.



The methodology applied follows the guidance set out by Hertfordshire Building Futures for developing energy strategies.

The energy consumption figures for the for the residential areas are based on SAP figures in line with Building Regulations Part L1A.

The proposed Sustainability Principles and Engineering Concepts incorporate the requirements and guidelines of the relevant British Standards, CIBSE Guides and DfE Building Bulletins.



3 Planning Policy Requirement

Legislation

3.1.1 Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment)

The Climate Change Act sets legally binding greenhouse gas emission reductions targets of 100% by 2050 (with an interim target of 26% by 2020) against a 1990 baseline, which are to be achieved through action taken in the UK and abroad. It contains provisions to enable the Government to require public bodies and statutory undertakers to carry out their own risk assessment and make plans to address the risk of climate change.

In May 2019, the Climate Change Committee recommended a new emissions target for the UK: net-zero greenhouse gases by 2050 to respond to the Paris Agreement commitments. The recommendation has been adopted by the government and the targets have been amended accordingly in June 2019.

3.1.2 Energy Act 2011

The Act includes provisions for the establishment of the Green Deal, which is a new financing framework to fund improvements to the energy efficiency of domestic and non-domestic properties. This will be paid back through a charge on the energy bill so that there is no upfront cost for consumers. The scheme was cancelled on July 2015.

The Act provides powers to ensure that from April 2018, it will be unlawful to rent out a residential or business property that does not reach a minimum energy efficiency standard (the intention is for this to be set at EPC rating ‘E’).

3.1.3 Building Regulations Part L 2013

The development will need to conform to the requirements set out in Part L (Conservation of Fuel and Power) of the Building Regulations 2013.

The Approved Documents are issued by the Secretary of State to provide guidance on compliance with specific aspects of building regulations in some of the more common building situations. They set out what, in ordinary circumstances, may be accepted as a reasonable provision for compliance with the relevant requirement(s) of the Building Regulations to which they refer.

Approved Document Part L of the Building Regulations covers the carbon emissions that are attributable to buildings in use, resulting from lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation, excluding small power.

The Proposed Development will need to conform to the requirements set out in Approved Document L of the Building Regulations 2013 (incorporating 2016 amendments). In summary:

• Domestic developments come under Part L1A of the Building Regulations 2013 for new buildings. • A rigid calculation methodology is set out to show compliance. This is the government’s Standard

Assessment Procedure (SAP) for domestic buildings, and the National Calculation Method (NCM) for non-domestic buildings.

• The required maximum carbon emissions can be achieved by any mixture of passive design features (i.e. reducing energy demand) and energy efficiency measures, but minimum standards of thermal performance apply.

In all cases, the carbon emissions achieved are calculated by comparing the proposed design against a target which complies with Building Regulations values.



3.1.4 Building Regulation Part L 2013 - Applicable to The Proposed Development

The Link drive development will be assessed under:

• Part L1A 2013 for the new dwellings.

It is a requirement that the buildings meet the minimum building regulations in terms of the maximum façade U-values, minimum values for energy efficiencies and minimum values for CO2 reductions as listed within the Part L requirements, as shown in the following section: Baseline Carbon Emissions.

Fuel CO2 emission factors are based on SAP 2012 and the NCM document for Part L 2013 compliance, considered within the energy model to calculate the CO2 emissions that will be produced as a result of the running of the systems, as outlined within the report.

Carbon emission factors are used to calculate the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions associated with different fuels. For example, 1 kWh of power from grid electricity will have a different environmental impact than 1 kWh of power from natural gas as presented in the Table 4:

Table 4 - Fuel Factors Part L 2013

System Fuel Emission Factor (KgCO2/kWh)

Heating/Cooling Energy Grid Electricity 0.519

Lighting Energy Grid Electricity 0.519

Pump / Fan Energy Grid Electricity 0.519

DHW Energy Grid Electricity 0.519

3.1.5 SAP 10 Carbon Factors

Grid electricity has significantly decarbonised since the last update of Part L in April 2014, and in July 2018, the Government published updated carbon emission factors (SAP 10) demonstrating this. These new emission factors will however not be incorporated into Part L of the Building Regulations until the Government has consulted on new Building Regulations. The impact of these new emission factors is significant in that technology generating on-site electricity (such as gas-engine CHP and solar PV) will not achieve the carbon savings they have to date.

The Link Drive energy strategy is based upon Air Source Heat Pumps. The technology adopted has the potential to offer future zero-carbon solutions. A SAP 10 analysis for the development has been undertaken using the emission figures in Table 5:



Table 5 - Fuel Factors SAP 10

System Fuel Emission Factor (KgCO2/kWh)

Heating/Cooling Energy Grid Electricity 0.233

Lighting Energy Grid Electricity 0.233

Pump / Fan Energy Grid Electricity 0.233

DHW Energy Grid Electricity 0.233

Non Natural Gas 0.210

3.1.6 Baseline Model

The baseline for the residential has been taken from the Target Emission Rate (TER) worksheet of the SAP models based on the minimum fabric values and fixed services as outlines in Approved Document Part L1A.

3.1.7 ‘Be Lean’

Implementation of energy efficient ‘Be Lean’ measures specific to the scheme is encouraged at the earliest design stage of a development and aims to reduce the energy demand. Measures typically include passive design: both Architectural and building fabric measures and active design: energy efficient services.

3.1.8 ‘Be Clean’

Connection to an existing Low Carbon Heating Infrastructure

The Local Authority suggests developers consider connections to existing or planned decentralised energy networks, where feasible.

Feasibility of CHP Scheme

The use of ‘clean’ energy supply refers to the energy efficiency of heating, cooling and power systems. Planning applications should demonstrate how the heating, cooling and power systems have been selected to minimise carbon emissions.

The proposed development should evaluate the feasibility of the use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. Where a new CHP system is appropriate, opportunities to extend the system beyond the site boundary to adjacent sites should be examined.

3.1.9 ‘Be Green’

The use of renewable energy for inclusion in developments is encouraged at the ‘Be Green’ stage. Each renewable energy technology is technically feasible for this development and should be reviewed be as part of the Energy Statement.

All renewable energy systems should be located and designed to minimise any potential adverse impacts on biodiversity, the natural environment and historical assets.



Planning Polices

3.2.1 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), England

In February 2019, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government revised the issue of National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how development should happen in the country.

This framework aims to achieve sustainable development according to the three pillars: economic, social and environmental for both plans making and decision-making. Local planning authorities must incorporate the visions of this framework within their local development plans. Therefore, by complying with the requirements of the Local Plan and Core Strategies, a development is also compliant with the NPPF. The term sustainable development is defined as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

The new revision of NPPF (February 2019) contains a revised structure and chapters, which provide a clear overview of the planning framework and the relevance of different policies. The chapters reflect the new priorities of the Government and have a strong focus on housing delivery and affordability.

The planning system should support the transition to a low carbon future in a changing climate, taking full account of flood risk and coastal change. It should help to shape places in ways that contribute to radical reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, minimise vulnerability and improve resilience; encourage the reuse of existing resources, including the conversion of existing buildings; and support renewable and low carbon energy and associated infrastructure.

New development should be planned for in ways that:

a) Avoid increased vulnerability to the range of impacts arising from climate change. When new development is brought forward in areas which are vulnerable, care should be taken to ensure that risks can be managed through suitable adaptation measures, including through the planning of green infrastructure; and

b) Can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as through its location, orientation and design. Any local requirements for the sustainability of buildings should reflect the Government’s policy for national technical standards. To help increase the use and supply of renewable and low carbon energy and heat, plans should:

c) Provide a positive strategy for energy from these sources, that maximises the potential for suitable development, while ensuring that adverse impacts are addressed satisfactorily (including cumulative landscape and visual impacts);

d) Consider identifying suitable areas for renewable and low carbon energy sources, and supporting infrastructure, where this would help secure their development;

e) Identify opportunities for development to draw its energy supply from decentralised, renewable or low carbon energy supply systems and for co-locating potential heat customers and suppliers.

• f) Local planning authorities should support community-led initiatives for renewable and low carbon energy,

including developments outside areas identified in local plans or other strategic policies that are being taken forward through neighbourhood planning.

g) In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should expect new development to:

I. Comply with any development plan policies on local requirements for decentralised energy supply unless it can be demonstrated by the applicant, having regard to the type of development involved and its design, that this is not feasible or viable; and



II. Take account of landform, layout, building orientation, massing and landscaping to minimise energy consumption.

The Local Planning Policies are based on this framework and adapted to account for regionally specific requirements. The concept design of the Proposed Development takes into account the NPPF guidelines and comply with all the above-listed ethos.

Regional Policies

3.3.1 Sustainable Hertfordshire Plan 2020 & Building Futures Partnership

The Sustainable Hertfordshire Plan identifies a desire to be a net zero carbon county prior to 2050. A key pillar to this aim is to support policies to promote net zero carbon buildings. The sustainable design toolkit identifies a process based on good practice in the design of low carbon buildings and comprises three distinct stages and order of application:

1. Use Less Energy (Be Lean).

2. Supply Energy Efficiently (Be Clean).

3. Use Renewable Energy (Be Green).

Figure 5 – Hertfordshire Building Futures Lean/Clean/Green Strategy

This strategy puts energy efficiency/conservation measures first in order to reduce the demand for energy, ‘Be Lean’. Following this, consideration must be given to supplying the resultant reduced energy demand as efficiently as possible, including the use of combined heat and power (CHP), ‘Be Clean’. Finally, sources of renewable energy should be examined, ‘Be Green’.

3.3.2 Welwyn Hatfield Draft Local Plan 2016

The Welwyn Hatfield Local Plan is currently under the final stages of consultation, however once approved will provide an updated direction for the area up to 2032. This Energy Strategy will demonstrate how the scheme complies with the Local Plan policies including:

SP1 – Delivering Sustainable Development

SP10 – Sustainable Design and Construction

SADM 13 – Sustainability Requirements

SADM 18 – Air Quality



4 Methodology

Domestic Areas

Accredited SAP software was used to establish the baseline regulated and unregulated carbon emissions of the residential areas of the development.

Where a building contains more than one dwelling, such as a block of flats, an average DER and TER can be calculated for all the dwellings in the building using the area-weighted average of all the individual DERs and TERs. This is referred to as “block averaging”.

A sample of representative dwellings have been assessed, while all the non-domestic areas of the development have been accounted for within the carbon emission calculations using the approved use dynamic simulation (DSM) software.

Non-domestic Areas (Landlord areas)

Integrated Environmental Systems’ (IES) VE Compliance software is used to demonstrate Part L2A compliance for the non-domestic areas.

The IES VE Compliance software has been approved by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) for use as a Dynamic Simulation Model (DSM) software package. As part of its approval process, the IES software had to demonstrate that it satisfies all of the tests and other requirements defined in accordance with ISO 90003:2004 – ‘Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 to computer software.

The methodology used by the IES accredited software is summarised below:

• A three-dimensional software model of the proposed non-domestic areas of the building is generated using the software’s Model IT component. This model is based on the architectural drawings and is an accurate geometric representation of the building.

• The building usage is defined for the building as a whole in line with the National Calculation Method’s (NCM) various definitions for building uses.

• The building systems are defined and allocated to each of the rooms within the building. • The software calculates a Building Emissions Rate (BER) based on the geometry of the building, its use

and the efficiency of the building systems defined. • The software automatically generates a notional building using the geometry for the proposed building,

but allocating glazing coverage, U-values and plant efficiency in accordance with the Elemental Method as defined in NCM modelling Guide 2013. The software calculates an Emissions Rate for the Notional building, which is the Target Emission Rate (TER) for the actual building.



5 'Baseline' Carbon Emissions (TER)

The 'baseline' building represents a development which just meets the minimum standards of CO2 emissions reduction (i.e. the Building Emissions Rate (BER) is equal to the Target Emissions Rate (TER), as defined by Part L of the Building Regulations 2013).

For the residential units, SAP calculations were carried out using an approved NHER tool, by an accredited energy assessor.

Allowances for energy consumption not included under Part L have been made by reference to published material or by calculation. These include small power (energy use for electrical appliances).

Unregulated energy use and related carbon dioxide emissions for the domestic buildings have been based on a typical apartment energy use for cooking and domestic appliances for a whole year.

≥



6 ‘Be Lean’ Stage – Reduction by Energy Efficiency Measures

Proposed Lean Measures

The following Lean measures are applicable to the scheme and allow the proposed development to comply with Building Regulation Part L1A 2013. The energy efficiency measures include:

Enhanced Building Fabric U-Values

Enhancements of the building fabric have been assessed, a summary of these value can be found in the table 6 below. The table below demonstrates the limiting U-Values set by Approved Document Part L and the proposed U-Values to be utilised for the development.

Table 6 – Summary of Building U Values (Residential & Commercial) Table

Elements Building Regulations Part L

minimum U-Value (W/m2K)

Proposed U-Value (W/m2K) Indicative Build-Up

External Walls 0.30 0.18

Floor 0.25 0.16

Roof 0.20 0.16

Windows Residential (Double Glazing) 2.00 1.40 (g value 0.40)

Enhanced Air Tightness

The proposed development will be designed to a high performance with good air tightness. It is proposed that the scheme does not exceed an air permeability level of 3m3/hr/m2 at 50Pa for the residential during testing.

This target will be achieved by ensuring that sensitive areas are accounted for in the design and construction phases to make certain that a tightly sealed building is constructed. The Design Team must ensure that all openings, both major and minor are to be accounted for and assessed to reduce air leakage.

Thermal Bridging (Y-Value)

The proposed residential units on the development will be designed to a high performance and go above the default Y-value. As the scheme will be assessed under future Building Regulations, Accredited Construction Details (ACDs) cannot be used. Bespoke Psi modelling will be undertaken for the top heat loss junctions. Example Psi values proposed for the scheme can be found in Table 7 below:

Table 7 – Thermal Bridging

Elements Table K1 Reference

Default Psi-Values per

dwelling (W/m.K)

Approved Psi-Values per

dwelling (W/m.K)

Targeted Psi-Values per dwelling

(W/m.K)

lintels (including other steel lintels)

E2 1.00 0.50 0.10

Sill E3 0.08 0.04 0.04



Elements Table K1 Reference

Default Psi-Values per

dwelling (W/m.K)

Approved Psi-Values per

dwelling (W/m.K)

Targeted Psi-Values per dwelling

(W/m.K)

Jamb E4 0.10 0.05 0.05

Ground floor (normal) E5 0.32 0.16 0.1

Exposed floor (normal) E20 0.32 0.16

Intermediate floor between dwelling

E7 0.14 0.07 0.035

Intermediate floor within a dwelling

E6 0.14 0.07 0.035

Balcony within a dwelling, wall insulation continuous

E8 0.00 0.00 0.00

Balcony between a dwelling, wall insulation continuous

E9 0.04 0.02 0.00

Flat roof with parapet E15 0.56 0.15

Corner (normal) E16 0.18 0.09 0.09

Corner (inverted internal area greater than external area)

E17 0.00 -0.09 -0.09

Party wall between dwellings E18 0.12 0.06 0.06

Staggered Party wall between dwellings

E25 0.12 0.06

Ground floor P1 0.16 0.08

Exposed Floor P7 0.16 0.16

Intermediate floor within a dwelling

P2 0.00 0.00

Intermediate floor between a dwelling

P3 0.00 0.00

Roof (insulation at ceiling level) P4 0.24 0.12

Note not all junctions listed in Table 7 above will be necessary for each dwelling type (e.g. apartments, maisonettes and houses). There will be junction variances which are affected by the unit type and the location (e.g. ground floor, mid floor or top floor). A detailed breakdown of junctions will be provided at a later RIBA stage. The above figures are those targeted and shall be confirmed by the façade contractor.



Energy Strategy

The Link Drive development will utilise an innovative heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) strategy of reversible Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) integrated with the Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery (MVHR) units.

Each apartment will be provided with a MVHR unit for ventilation. The unit will recover thermal energy from the exhaust air which using heat exchangers provides heating for the supply air and heating circuit.

Ventilation

The ventilation within the development will include mechanical ventilation with heat recovery combined with heat pumps.

Heating

Space heating is to be supplied from air sourced heat pumps with a coefficient of performance in excess of 3.0.

Cooling

The Heat Pump will provide tempered air linked to the MVHR to mitigate overheating during hot summer days.

Domestic Hot Water

The domestic hot water will be provided by the heating air sourced heat pump recovering additional heat from the extract air system.

Lighting

All lighting to residential units is to be 100% dedicated energy efficient fittings LED.

Efficient Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Parameters

The following design parameters were assigned to the base building in order to establish its CO2 emission rate over a year.

Table 8 – Residential MEP Services Summary

System Parameter Applied Value

Domestic Hot Water System Type Communal

The cylinder in dwelling: Yes

Plate heat exchanger Yes

Volume 170 litres

Declared loss factor 1.56 kWh/day

Fuel Grid electricity through heat pumps

Pipework Insulation Fully Insulated

Communal Heat Pump COP SAP Table

Space Heating System Type / Emitter Underfloor (Screed) and towel rails




Fuel Grid electricity through heat pumps

Controls Linked to use with programmer and thermostat

Mechanical Ventilation (with Heat Recovery) SFP

0.65W/l/sec – Kitchen +1 wet room

0.60 W/l/sec – Kitchen +2 wet room

0.65 W/l/sec – Kitchen +3 wet room

Internal Lighting Low energy lighting 100% LED fittings

Cooling System System Type Split system

Energy Label Class A

Controls Variable Speed

EER 3.32

Notes:

• The design of the HVAC system and DHW is based on the minimum specification available in the combined heat pump / MVHR unit provided by or Nilan to provide heating, DHW and limited space cooling if needed.

• Standard gas-fired boiler (89.5%) used for the lean building as per GLA assessment guidance to provide space heating and DHW.

Table 9 – Commercial MEP Services Summary


Air Source Heat Pump (VRF) COP 4.89

EER 5.65

Seasonal Efficiency (SEER) 3.9

Fresh Air Unit (AHU) SFP 1.2 W/l/sec

Local Cooling Units (FCU’s) SFP 0.20 W/l/sec

WC Extract Fans (Local) SFP 0.40 W/l/sec

Centralised Fresh Air Unit with Speed Control

Retail Areas Yes

Ductwork & AHU Leakage Ductwork Leakage Testing Class B

AHU CEN Standards Class L2

Domestic Hot Water WC Electric point of use

Electrical /Metering Power Factor Greater Than 0.95




Lighting system have provision for metering

Yes

Automatic Monitoring of energy Data?

Yes

Controls Central Start & Stop Optimum Start & Stop Local time & temperature Control Weather Compensation Control

Lighting Retail Lighting 10 W/m2, Display lighting 35 lm/W

Residential Circulation 215 lux, 100 lm/W

BoH Spaces NCM lux, 100 lm/W

Notes:

Standard gas-fired boiler (91%) used for the lean building as per GLA assessment guidance to provide space heating and DHW for the commercial areas.



7 Cooling and Overheating Cooling Hierarchy

The Local Plan requires that proposals are responsive to climate change and minimise their contribution to the urban heat island is considered on the basis that potential future heat waves are likely to contribute to increased overheating of buildings.

For the development to reduce potential overheating the following table outlines the steps taken to mitigate the risk in accordance with the following cooling hierarchy:

Table 10 – Overheating Mitigation Strategy

Proposed Strategy

Minimise internal heat generation through energy efficient design.

LED lighting is proposed to reduce internal heat gains.

Reduce the amount of heat entering a building in summer through orientation, shading, albedo, fenestration, insulation and green roofs and walls.

The amount of glazing has been designed with consideration of the orientation of the façade.

Also, light-coloured materials are proposed for most of the facades, and residential areas utilize internal blinds to minimise solar gains. Biodiverse green roofs are included for in all buildings. These strategies help reducing the urban heat island impact.

Manage the heat within the building through exposed internal thermal mass and high ceilings.

Building design accounts for medium thermal mass. The floor to ceiling height has been maximised to properly accommodate for building services and act as a heat preventing measure.

Passive ventilation. Natural ventilation is possible through openable windows within the residential areas. Cross ventilation is facilitated by the narrow floor plans, wherever possible.

However, due to high external noise levels, the potential for natural ventilation can be limited, therefore, mechanical ventilation is provided.

Mechanical ventilation. High efficiency mechanical background ventilation is proposed for fresh air supply all year round.

Active cooling systems. A limited level of comfort cooling is proposed to the residential areas where required for future proofing to cope with climate uncertainty as well as to mitigate noise issue on site. However, passive measures have been applied to all spaces to minimise cooling demand.

For further details on the overheating strategy refer to Link Drive Overheating assessment (L486330-MLM-00-XX-RP-ME-00-0004-OverheatingReport-01).



8 ‘Be Clean’ – Selection of Efficient Energy Supply

Connection to Existing Low Carbon Heating Infrastructure

The site is not located near an existing communal heating network and therefore this criterion has not been considered.

Feasibility of CHP Scheme

CHP has been deemed not feasible for the residential element of the scheme on the basis that the green air source heat pumps are used for heating and domestic hot water which will result in the development reducing in carbon intensity as the National Grid decarbonises.

This is in line with the previous Energy strategy by BSP which was concluding that ''CHP has been found to be unsuitable for this development'.



9 ‘Be Green’

The following section reviews the renewable technologies applicable to the proposed development.

Green Technologies

The following types of green/renewable energy technologies have been considered as suitable for the proposed development:

• Air Source Heat Pump.

Other renewable technology options were investigated and discounted. The justification for discounting these technologies can be found in Appendix E.

These alternative technologies included:

• Photovoltaic; • Solar Thermal; • Wind Turbines; • Biomass Boiler; • Ground Source Heat Pump.

Proposed Renewable Technologies Applicable to the Proposed Development

Subject to the consideration of the technologies previously discussed, the following green measures will be incorporated into the proposed building to reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate carbon emissions:

9.2.1 Considered Technologies

Heat Pumps

A heat pump extracts heat from the ground, air or water and transfers it to a heating system. Often coupled to underfloor heating, as the temperatures involved are usually lower (around 40o where a boiler will be 80o), an electric pump circulates the water in the system. Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) and air source heat pumps (ASHP) are currently the most common type of heat pump used in the UK and use technology which is essentially the same as a fridge. A typical GSHP system will include a ground heat exchanger (for extracting heat from the ground), the heat pump itself and a heating system.

The overall efficiency of a heat pump is determined by the difference in temperature between the heat source itself (the ground, air or water) and the temperature of the area or environment to be heated. The smaller the temperature difference the higher the coefficient of performance (COP) will be.



Typical COPs will be in the range two - four depending upon operating conditions. Heat pumps can supply 100% of heat demand, but it will usually only pre-heat domestic hot water, so an additional method of heating the hot water (e.g. an immersion heater) may be needed. The proposed unit uses the exhaust air as a heat source for the evaporator and so no external unit is required and a constant higher temperature is available allowing a higher COP to be achieved throughout the year. Units range in size but the smaller ones only require equipment approximately the size of a small air conditioning unit on the outside of the property. Air source heat pumps can be connected in series and thus provide a heating/cooling system, modules only work as and when demand requires thus providing excellent efficiencies.

Air source heat pumps can be connected in series and thus provide a heating/cooling system, modules only work as and when demand requires thus providing excellent efficiencies.



10 Conclusion

This report has followed the Sustainable Hertfordshire Strategy, and in doing so has identified measures to improve energy efficiency and mitigate CO2 emissions of the proposed development.

The following table summarises the improvements recognised by each step of the energy hierarchy approach identified in the Sections 6 to 8 of this report. The proposed development will be fully compliant with the approved Document Part L1A and 2A 2012.

Table 11 – Residential Emissions (SAP 10 carbon factors)

Carbon Dioxide



(%)

CO2 Emissions Reduction (%)


Step 2 – ‘Be Lean’ 50.2 -5.0


Step 4 – ‘Be Green’ 31.5 39.3 34.3

Figure 5 – Residential Carbon Saving for SAP 10 carbon factors

47.950.2 50.3

31.5

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0


Development


CLEAN - Same asLean


Tonn

es o

f CO

2/an

num




Table 12 – Non Domestic Emissions for the landlord areas (SAP 10 carbon factors)

Carbon Dioxide



(%)

CO2 Emissions Reduction (%)


Step 2 – ‘Be Lean’ 7.5 27.9


Step 4 – ‘Be Green’ 7.5 0 27.9

Figure 6 – Non Domestic Carbon Saving for the landlord areas for SAP 10 carbon factors

This report demonstrates how the proposed development by using the measures identified Link Drive achieves 34.3% energy reduction against Part L1A and a 27.5% reduction against Part L2A which exceed the local authorities of 10% above Part L1 A/2A baseline.

10.4

7.5 7.5 7.5

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0


Development

LEAN - Afterenergy demand

reduction

CLEAN - Same asLean


Tonn

es o

f CO

2/an

num




Appendix A - ‘Baseline’ BRUKL Output Document and SAP Document

TER WorksheetDesign - Draft

URN: LD-L1-09 version 2NHER Plan Assessor version 6.3.9

SAP version 9.92Page 1

DRAFT

This design submission has been carried out using Approved SAP software. It has been prepared from plans and specifications and may not reflect theproperty as constructed.

Assessor name Mr David Partington Assessor number 5662

Client Last modified 23/11/2020

Address 09 Link Drive, Hatfield, Hertfordshire

1. Overall dwelling dimensions

Area (m²) Average storeyheight (m)

Volume (m³)

Lowest occupied 50.60 (1a) x 2.45 (2a) = 123.97 (3a)

Total floor area (1a) + (1b) + (1c) + (1d)...(1n) = 50.60 (4)

Dwelling volume (3a) + (3b) + (3c) + (3d)...(3n) = 123.97 (5)

2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour

Number of chimneys 0 x 40 = 0 (6a)

Number of open flues 0 x 20 = 0 (6b)

Number of intermittent fans 2 x 10 = 20 (7a)

Number of passive vents 0 x 10 = 0 (7b)

Number of flueless gas fires 0 x 40 = 0 (7c)

Air changes perhour

Infiltration due to chimneys, flues, fans, PSVs (6a) + (6b) + (7a) + (7b) + (7c) = 20 ÷ (5) = 0.16 (8)

If a pressurisation test has been carried out or is intended, proceed to (17), otherwise continue from (9) to (16)

Air permeability value, q50, expressed in cubic metres per hour per square metre of envelope area 5.00 (17)

If based on air permeability value, then (18) = [(17) ÷ 20] + (8), otherwise (18) = (16) 0.41 (18)

Number of sides on which the dwelling is sheltered 3 (19)

Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.78 (20)

Infiltration rate incorporating shelter factor (18) x (20) = 0.32 (21)

Infiltration rate modified for monthly wind speed:

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Monthly average wind speed from Table U2

5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)

Wind factor (22)m ÷ 4

1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)

Adjusted infiltration rate (allowing for shelter and wind factor) (21) x (22a)m

0.41 0.40 0.39 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.37 (22b)

Calculate effective air change rate for the applicable case:

If mechanical ventilation: air change rate through system N/A (23a)

If balanced with heat recovery: efficiency in % allowing for in-use factor from Table 4h N/A (23c)

d) natural ventilation or whole house positive input ventilation from loft

0.58 0.58 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57 (24d)

Effective air change rate - enter (24a) or (24b) or (24c) or (24d) in (25)

0.58 0.58 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57 (25)



DRAFT

3. Heat losses and heat loss parameter

Element Grossarea, m²

Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K

A x U W/K κ-value,kJ/m².K

A x κ,kJ/K

Window 9.43 x 1.33 = 12.50 (27)

Exposed floor 50.60 x 0.13 = 6.58 (28b

External wall 12.45 x 0.18 = 2.24 (29a)

Party wall 61.50 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)

Total area of external elements ∑A, m² 72.48 (31)

Fabric heat loss, W/K = ∑(A × U) (26)...(30) + (32) = 21.32 (33)

Heat capacity Cm = ∑(A x κ) (28)...(30) + (32) + (32a)...(32e) = N/A (34)

Thermal mass parameter (TMP) in kJ/m²K 250.00 (35)

Thermal bridges: ∑(L x Ψ) calculated using Appendix K 4.41 (36)

Total fabric heat loss (33) + (36) = 25.73 (37)


Ventilation heat loss calculated monthly 0.33 x (25)m x (5)

23.83 23.70 23.57 22.97 22.86 22.33 22.33 22.23 22.53 22.86 23.09 23.32 (38)

Heat transfer coefficient, W/K (37)m + (38)m

49.56 49.43 49.30 48.70 48.59 48.06 48.06 47.96 48.26 48.59 48.81 49.05

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 48.70 (39)

Heat loss parameter (HLP), W/m²K (39)m ÷ (4)

0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.97

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.96 (40)

Number of days in month (Table 1a)

31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)

4. Water heating energy requirement

Assumed occupancy, N 1.71 (42)

Annual average hot water usage in litres per day Vd,average = (25 x N) + 36 74.76 (43)


Hot water usage in litres per day for each month Vd,m = factor from Table 1c x (43)

82.24 79.25 76.25 73.26 70.27 67.28 67.28 70.27 73.26 76.25 79.25 82.24

∑(44)1...12 = 897.12 (44)

Energy content of hot water used = 4.18 x Vd,m x nm x Tm/3600 kWh/month (see Tables 1b, 1c 1d)

121.95 106.66 110.06 95.96 92.07 79.45 73.62 84.48 85.49 99.63 108.76 118.11

∑(45)1...12 = 1176.26 (45)

Distribution loss 0.15 x (45)m

18.29 16.00 16.51 14.39 13.81 11.92 11.04 12.67 12.82 14.95 16.31 17.72 (46)

Storage volume (litres) including any solar or WWHRS storage within same vessel 170.00 (47)

Water storage loss:

a) If manufacturer's declared loss factor is known (kWh/day) 1.50 (48)

Temperature factor from Table 2b 0.54 (49)

Energy lost from water storage (kWh/day) (48) x (49) 0.81 (50)

Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.81 (55)

Water storage loss calculated for each month (55) x (41)m

25.12 22.68 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 (56)

If the vessel contains dedicated solar storage or dedicated WWHRS (56)m x [(47) - Vs] ÷ (47), else (56)

25.12 22.68 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 (57)

Primary circuit loss for each month from Table 3



DRAFT

23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)

Combi loss for each month from Table 3a, 3b or 3c

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)

Total heat required for water heating calculated for each month 0.85 x (45)m + (46)m + (57)m + (59)m + (61)m

170.33 150.36 158.44 142.77 140.45 126.27 122.00 132.86 132.31 148.01 155.58 166.48 (62)

Solar DHW input calculated using Appendix G or Appendix H

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)

Output from water heater for each month (kWh/month) (62)m + (63)m

170.33 150.36 158.44 142.77 140.45 126.27 122.00 132.86 132.31 148.01 155.58 166.48

∑(64)1...12 = 1745.87 (64)

Heat gains from water heating (kWh/month) 0.25 × [0.85 × (45)m + (61)m] + 0.8 × [(46)m + (57)m + (59)m]

79.25 70.42 75.30 69.36 69.32 63.87 63.18 66.79 65.88 71.83 73.62 77.97 (65)

5. Internal gains


Metabolic gains (Table 5)

85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 (66)

Lighting gains (calculated in Appendix L, equation L9 or L9a), also see Table 5

13.48 11.97 9.73 7.37 5.51 4.65 5.03 6.53 8.77 11.13 12.99 13.85 (67)

Appliance gains (calculated in Appendix L, equation L13 or L13a), also see Table 5

148.79 150.34 146.45 138.16 127.71 117.88 111.31 109.77 113.66 121.94 132.40 142.23 (68)

Cooking gains (calculated in Appendix L, equation L15 or L15a), also see Table 5

31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 (69)

Pump and fan gains (Table 5a)

3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)

Losses e.g. evaporation (Table 5)

-68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 (71)

Water heating gains (Table 5)

106.52 104.79 101.21 96.33 93.17 88.71 84.92 89.78 91.50 96.55 102.24 104.80 (72)

Total internal gains (66)m + (67)m + (68)m + (69)m + (70)m + (71)m + (72)m

320.41 318.72 309.00 293.48 278.00 262.86 252.88 257.70 265.55 281.24 299.25 312.50 (73)

6. Solar gains

Access factorTable 6d

Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²

gspecific dataor Table 6b

FFspecific dataor Table 6c

GainsW

South 0.77 x 9.43 x 46.75 x 0.9 x 0.63 x 0.70 = 134.74 (78)

Solar gains in watts ∑(74)m...(82)m

134.74 220.66 281.09 317.69 331.05 318.59 311.28 302.30 293.63 238.01 159.71 116.42 (83)

Total gains - internal and solar (73)m + (83)m

455.14 539.38 590.09 611.17 609.05 581.45 564.16 559.99 559.17 519.25 458.96 428.92 (84)

7. Mean internal temperature (heating season)

Temperature during heating periods in the living area from Table 9, Th1(˚C) 21.00 (85)


Utilisation factor for gains for living area n1,m (see Table 9a)

0.99 0.96 0.92 0.84 0.70 0.52 0.37 0.39 0.58 0.84 0.96 0.99 (86)

Mean internal temp of living area T1 (steps 3 to 7 in Table 9c)

20.27 20.47 20.67 20.85 20.95 20.99 21.00 21.00 20.99 20.87 20.55 20.23 (87)



DRAFT

Temperature during heating periods in the rest of dwelling from Table 9, Th2(˚C)

20.10 20.10 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.13 20.13 20.12 20.12 20.11 20.11 (88)

Utilisation factor for gains for rest of dwelling n2,m

0.98 0.95 0.90 0.80 0.65 0.45 0.30 0.32 0.51 0.80 0.95 0.99 (89)

Mean internal temperature in the rest of dwelling T2 (follow steps 3 to 7 in Table 9c)

19.16 19.44 19.71 19.96 20.08 20.12 20.13 20.13 20.11 19.98 19.56 19.10 (90)

Living area fraction Living area ÷ (4) = 0.45 (91)

Mean internal temperature for the whole dwelling fLA x T1 +(1 - fLA) x T2

19.66 19.90 20.14 20.36 20.47 20.51 20.52 20.52 20.51 20.38 20.00 19.61 (92)

Apply adjustment to the mean internal temperature from Table 4e where appropriate

19.66 19.90 20.14 20.36 20.47 20.51 20.52 20.52 20.51 20.38 20.00 19.61 (93)

8. Space heating requirement


Utilisation factor for gains, ƞm

0.98 0.95 0.90 0.81 0.67 0.48 0.33 0.35 0.55 0.81 0.95 0.98 (94)

Useful gains, ƞmGm, W (94)m x (84)m

445.20 512.57 531.98 496.05 408.59 281.97 188.06 197.22 304.76 422.18 436.46 421.73 (95)

Monthly average external temperature from Table U1

4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)

Heat loss rate for mean internal temperature, Lm, W [(39)m x [(93)m - (96)m]

761.13 741.45 672.62 557.95 426.12 284.15 188.26 197.50 309.13 475.20 629.71 755.90 (97)

Space heating requirement, kWh/month 0.024 x [(97)m - (95)m] x (41)m

235.05 153.81 104.64 44.57 13.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.45 139.14 248.62

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 978.33 (98)

Space heating requirement kWh/m²/year (98) ÷ (4) 19.33 (99)

9a. Energy requirements - individual heating systems including micro-CHP

Space heating

Fraction of space heat from secondary/supplementary system (table 11) 0.00 (201)

Fraction of space heat from main system(s) 1 - (201) = 1.00 (202)

Fraction of space heat from main system 2 0.00 (202)

Fraction of total space heat from main system 1 (202) x [1- (203)] = 1.00 (204)

Fraction of total space heat from main system 2 (202) x (203) = 0.00 (205)

Efficiency of main system 1 (%) 93.50 (206)


Space heating fuel (main system 1), kWh/month

251.39 164.50 111.92 47.67 13.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.19 148.81 265.91

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 1046.34 (211)

Water heating

Efficiency of water heater

85.67 84.87 83.74 82.11 80.61 79.80 79.80 79.80 79.80 81.84 84.52 85.88 (217)

Water heating fuel, kWh/month

198.81 177.15 189.21 173.88 174.23 158.23 152.88 166.49 165.80 180.86 184.08 193.85

∑(219a)1...12 = 2115.50 (219)

Annual totals

Space heating fuel - main system 1 1046.34

Water heating fuel 2115.50



DRAFT

Electricity for pumps, fans and electric keep-hot (Table 4f)

central heating pump or water pump within warm air heating unit 30.00 (230c)

boiler flue fan 45.00 (230e)

Total electricity for the above, kWh/year 75.00 (231)

Electricity for lighting (Appendix L) 238.01 (232)

Total delivered energy for all uses (211)...(221) + (231) + (232)...(237b) = 3474.85 (238)

10a. Fuel costs - individual heating systems including micro-CHP

FuelkWh/year

Fuel price Fuelcost £/year

Space heating - main system 1 1046.34 3.48 36.41 (240)x x 0.01 =

Water heating 2115.50 3.48 73.62 (247)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 75.00 13.19 9.89 (249)x x 0.01 =

Electricity for lighting 238.01 13.19 31.39 (250)x x 0.01 =

Additional standing charges 120.00 (251)

Total energy cost (240)...(242) + (245)...(254) = 271.32 (255)

11a. SAP rating - individual heating systems including micro-CHP

Energy cost deflator (Table 12) 0.42 (256)

Energy cost factor (ECF) 1.19 (257)

SAP value 83.37

SAP rating (section 13) 83 (258)

SAP band B

12a. CO₂ emissions - individual heating systems including micro-CHP

EnergykWh/year

Emission factorkg CO₂/kWh

Emissionskg CO₂/year

Space heating - main system 1 1046.34 0.216 226.01 (261)x =

Water heating 2115.50 0.216 456.95 (264)x =

Space and water heating (261) + (262) + (263) + (264) = 682.96 (265)

Pumps and fans 75.00 0.519 38.93 (267)x =

Electricity for lighting 238.01 0.519 123.52 (268)x =

Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 845.41 (272)

Dwelling CO₂ emission rate (272) ÷ (4) = 16.71 (273)

EI value 88.15

EI rating (section 14) 88 (274)

EI band B

13a. Primary energy - individual heating systems including micro-CHP

EnergykWh/year

Primary factor Primary EnergykWh/year


Water heating 2115.50 1.22 2580.91 (264)x =


Pumps and fans 75.00 3.07 230.25 (267)x =


Primary energy kWh/year 4818.37 (272)

Dwelling primary energy rate kWh/m2/year 95.22 (273)


URN: LD-L2-L4-15 version 2NHER Plan Assessor version 6.3.9


DRAFT




Address 31,47,63 Link Drive, Hatfield, Hertfordshire



Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.85 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.43 0.43 0.42 0.37 0.37 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.38 0.40 (22b)





0.59 0.59 0.59 0.57 0.57 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.58 (24d)


0.59 0.59 0.59 0.57 0.57 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.58 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 20.39 x 1.33 = 27.03 (27)

External wall 31.15 x 0.18 = 5.61 (29a)

Party wall 51.50 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)









39.15 38.90 38.67 37.56 37.35 36.39 36.39 36.21 36.76 37.35 37.77 38.21 (38)


77.17 76.93 76.69 75.58 75.38 74.41 74.41 74.23 74.78 75.38 75.79 76.23

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 75.58 (39)


0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.94

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.93 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






102.69 98.96 95.22 91.49 87.75 84.02 84.02 87.75 91.49 95.22 98.96 102.69

∑(44)1...12 = 1120.25 (44)


152.29 133.19 137.44 119.82 114.97 99.21 91.94 105.50 106.76 124.42 135.81 147.48

∑(45)1...12 = 1468.83 (45)


22.84 19.98 20.62 17.97 17.25 14.88 13.79 15.82 16.01 18.66 20.37 22.12 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.81 (55)


25.12 22.68 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 (56)


25.12 22.68 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 (57)


23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)



DRAFT


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


200.66 176.89 185.82 166.64 163.35 146.03 140.31 153.88 153.58 172.79 182.63 195.86 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


200.66 176.89 185.82 166.64 163.35 146.03 140.31 153.88 153.58 172.79 182.63 195.86

∑(64)1...12 = 2038.43 (64)


89.34 79.24 84.40 77.30 76.93 70.44 69.27 73.78 72.95 80.07 82.61 87.74 (65)

5. Internal gains



124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 (66)


19.84 17.62 14.33 10.85 8.11 6.85 7.40 9.62 12.91 16.39 19.13 20.39 (67)


222.55 224.86 219.04 206.65 191.01 176.31 166.49 164.18 170.00 182.39 198.03 212.73 (68)


35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 (71)


120.08 117.92 113.44 107.35 103.40 97.84 93.11 99.17 101.32 107.62 114.74 117.93 (72)


425.82 423.76 410.17 388.21 365.88 344.35 330.36 336.33 347.59 369.76 395.26 414.41 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

South 0.77 x 4.77 x 46.75 x 0.9 x 0.63 x 0.70 = 68.15 (78)

West 0.77 x 15.62 x 19.64 x 0.9 x 0.63 x 0.70 = 93.76 (80)


161.91 295.03 444.23 601.21 707.32 713.80 683.60 604.86 499.82 338.02 197.69 135.99 (83)


587.73 718.78 854.40 989.42 1073.21 1058.16 1013.96 941.19 847.41 707.78 592.94 550.40 (84)





0.99 0.98 0.94 0.82 0.63 0.45 0.32 0.36 0.60 0.90 0.99 1.00 (86)


20.16 20.36 20.63 20.88 20.98 21.00 21.00 21.00 20.99 20.82 20.44 20.12 (87)



DRAFT


20.13 20.13 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.16 20.16 20.15 20.15 20.14 20.14 (88)


0.99 0.98 0.93 0.78 0.58 0.39 0.26 0.30 0.53 0.86 0.98 1.00 (89)


19.01 19.31 19.69 20.01 20.13 20.15 20.16 20.16 20.14 19.96 19.43 18.97 (90)



19.47 19.73 20.07 20.36 20.47 20.49 20.49 20.50 20.48 20.30 19.83 19.43 (92)


19.47 19.73 20.07 20.36 20.47 20.49 20.49 20.50 20.48 20.30 19.83 19.43 (93)




0.99 0.97 0.93 0.79 0.60 0.41 0.29 0.32 0.56 0.87 0.98 0.99 (94)


582.63 700.66 790.43 785.92 646.55 437.28 289.70 303.81 470.70 616.43 580.08 546.97 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


1170.66 1140.92 1040.41 866.24 660.83 438.50 289.81 304.03 477.30 731.40 965.00 1160.99 (97)


437.49 295.85 185.98 57.83 10.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.53 277.14 456.83

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1807.29 (98)



Space heating









467.91 316.42 198.91 61.85 11.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.48 296.41 488.59

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 1932.93 (211)

Water heating


86.84 86.18 84.82 82.31 80.38 79.80 79.80 79.80 79.80 83.05 85.92 87.00 (217)


231.08 205.26 219.08 202.46 203.22 183.00 175.83 192.83 192.45 208.06 212.55 225.13

∑(219a)1...12 = 2450.94 (219)

Annual totals





DRAFT








FuelkWh/year



Water heating 2450.94 3.48 85.29 (247)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 75.00 13.19 9.89 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 84.78


SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 2450.94 0.216 529.40 (264)x =


Pumps and fans 75.00 0.519 38.93 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 1167.69 (272)


EI value 87.63


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 2450.94 1.22 2990.14 (264)x =


Pumps and fans 75.00 3.07 230.25 (267)x =







DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.78 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.41 0.40 0.39 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.37 (22b)





0.58 0.58 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57 (24d)


0.58 0.58 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 11.37 x 1.33 = 15.07 (27)

External wall 10.51 x 0.18 = 1.89 (29a)

Party wall 61.90 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)

Roof 50.60 x 0.13 = 6.58 (30)









23.83 23.70 23.57 22.97 22.86 22.33 22.33 22.23 22.53 22.86 23.09 23.32 (38)


53.78 53.65 53.52 52.92 52.81 52.28 52.28 52.18 52.48 52.81 53.04 53.27

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 52.92 (39)


1.06 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.05

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 1.05 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






82.24 79.25 76.25 73.26 70.27 67.28 67.28 70.27 73.26 76.25 79.25 82.24

∑(44)1...12 = 897.12 (44)


121.95 106.66 110.06 95.96 92.07 79.45 73.62 84.48 85.49 99.63 108.76 118.11

∑(45)1...12 = 1176.26 (45)


18.29 16.00 16.51 14.39 13.81 11.92 11.04 12.67 12.82 14.95 16.31 17.72 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.81 (55)


25.12 22.68 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 (56)


25.12 22.68 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 25.12 24.31 25.12 24.31 25.12 (57)




DRAFT

23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


170.33 150.36 158.44 142.77 140.45 126.27 122.00 132.86 132.31 148.01 155.58 166.48 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


170.33 150.36 158.44 142.77 140.45 126.27 122.00 132.86 132.31 148.01 155.58 166.48

∑(64)1...12 = 1745.87 (64)


79.25 70.42 75.30 69.36 69.32 63.87 63.18 66.79 65.88 71.83 73.62 77.97 (65)

5. Internal gains



85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 (66)


13.26 11.78 9.58 7.25 5.42 4.58 4.95 6.43 8.63 10.96 12.79 13.63 (67)


148.79 150.34 146.45 138.16 127.71 117.88 111.31 109.77 113.66 121.94 132.40 142.23 (68)


31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 (71)


106.52 104.79 101.21 96.33 93.17 88.71 84.92 89.78 91.50 96.55 102.24 104.80 (72)


320.19 318.53 308.85 293.36 277.91 262.78 252.80 257.59 265.41 281.06 299.05 312.28 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

West 0.77 x 11.37 x 19.64 x 0.9 x 0.63 x 0.70 = 68.25 (80)


68.25 133.50 219.86 320.66 392.98 402.28 382.99 328.98 255.71 158.41 85.10 56.12 (83)


388.44 452.03 528.71 614.02 670.89 665.07 635.79 586.57 521.12 439.48 384.14 368.40 (84)





0.99 0.98 0.96 0.86 0.69 0.50 0.36 0.41 0.66 0.92 0.99 1.00 (86)


20.03 20.21 20.49 20.79 20.95 20.99 21.00 21.00 20.97 20.73 20.32 20.00 (87)



DRAFT


20.03 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.05 20.06 20.06 20.06 20.05 20.05 20.04 20.04 (88)


0.99 0.98 0.94 0.83 0.63 0.43 0.28 0.32 0.58 0.89 0.98 0.99 (89)


18.76 19.01 19.41 19.82 20.00 20.05 20.06 20.06 20.03 19.75 19.19 18.72 (90)



19.33 19.55 19.89 20.25 20.43 20.47 20.48 20.48 20.45 20.19 19.70 19.29 (92)


19.33 19.55 19.89 20.25 20.43 20.47 20.48 20.48 20.45 20.19 19.70 19.29 (93)




0.99 0.98 0.94 0.84 0.66 0.46 0.32 0.36 0.62 0.90 0.98 0.99 (94)


384.42 441.87 497.19 512.76 440.22 304.67 202.52 212.33 322.26 394.56 375.75 365.42 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


808.39 786.05 716.91 600.84 460.78 307.08 202.78 212.85 333.33 506.39 668.00 804.09 (97)


315.44 231.29 163.47 63.41 15.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.20 210.42 326.37

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1408.89 (98)



Space heating









337.37 247.37 174.83 67.82 16.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.99 225.04 349.06

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 1506.84 (211)

Water heating


86.44 85.96 84.90 82.81 80.74 79.80 79.80 79.80 79.80 83.35 85.62 86.58 (217)


197.06 174.92 186.63 172.41 173.96 158.23 152.88 166.49 165.80 177.59 181.71 192.29

∑(219a)1...12 = 2099.97 (219)

Annual totals





DRAFT








FuelkWh/year



Water heating 2099.97 3.48 73.08 (247)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 75.00 13.19 9.89 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 82.45


SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 2099.97 0.216 453.59 (264)x =


Pumps and fans 75.00 0.519 38.93 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 939.56 (272)


EI value 86.83


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 2099.97 1.22 2561.97 (264)x =


Pumps and fans 75.00 3.07 230.25 (267)x =






Appendix B - ‘Be Lean’ BRUKL Output Document and SAP Document

DER WorksheetDesign - Draft



DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.78 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 (22b)


If mechanical ventilation: air change rate through system 0.50 (23a)


c) whole house extract ventilation or positive input ventilation from outside

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (24c)


0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 9.43 x 1.33 = 12.50 (27)

Exposed floor 50.60 x 0.16 = 8.10 (28b

External wall 12.45 x 0.18 = 2.24 (29a)

Party wall 61.50 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)









20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 (38)


45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 45.43 (39)


0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.90 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






82.24 79.25 76.25 73.26 70.27 67.28 67.28 70.27 73.26 76.25 79.25 82.24

∑(44)1...12 = 897.12 (44)


121.95 106.66 110.06 95.96 92.07 79.45 73.62 84.48 85.49 99.63 108.76 118.11

∑(45)1...12 = 1176.26 (45)


18.29 16.00 16.51 14.39 13.81 11.92 11.04 12.67 12.82 14.95 16.31 17.72 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.84 (55)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (56)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (57)




DRAFT

23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48

∑(64)1...12 = 1757.63 (64)


80.05 71.14 76.10 70.13 70.12 64.64 63.98 67.59 66.65 72.63 74.39 78.77 (65)

5. Internal gains



85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 (66)


13.29 11.80 9.60 7.27 5.43 4.59 4.96 6.44 8.65 10.98 12.81 13.66 (67)


148.79 150.34 146.45 138.16 127.71 117.88 111.31 109.77 113.66 121.94 132.40 142.23 (68)


31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 (71)


107.60 105.87 102.28 97.41 94.24 89.78 86.00 90.85 92.57 97.62 103.32 105.88 (72)


321.29 319.62 309.94 294.45 279.00 263.87 253.88 258.68 266.50 282.16 300.15 313.38 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

South 0.77 x 9.43 x 46.75 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 97.77 (78)


97.77 160.12 203.96 230.52 240.22 231.18 225.87 219.36 213.06 172.70 115.89 84.48 (83)


419.06 479.74 513.91 524.97 519.21 495.04 479.76 478.03 479.56 454.86 416.04 397.86 (84)





0.92 0.88 0.84 0.77 0.67 0.53 0.40 0.42 0.58 0.77 0.88 0.93 (86)


19.83 20.02 20.25 20.49 20.70 20.83 20.89 20.88 20.81 20.55 20.15 19.77 (87)



DRAFT


20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 (88)


0.91 0.87 0.82 0.74 0.63 0.48 0.33 0.35 0.52 0.74 0.87 0.92 (89)


19.10 19.28 19.50 19.73 19.92 20.03 20.07 20.07 20.01 19.79 19.41 19.04 (90)



19.43 19.61 19.84 20.07 20.27 20.39 20.44 20.43 20.37 20.13 19.74 19.37 (92)


19.43 19.61 19.84 20.07 20.27 20.39 20.44 20.43 20.37 20.13 19.74 19.37 (93)




0.90 0.86 0.81 0.74 0.64 0.49 0.35 0.37 0.54 0.74 0.86 0.91 (94)


377.54 413.49 417.32 388.99 330.79 243.88 169.25 177.15 258.15 334.38 357.51 362.83 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


687.19 668.48 605.98 507.55 389.25 263.16 174.33 183.27 284.81 433.17 574.20 689.12 (97)


230.38 171.35 140.36 85.36 43.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 73.50 156.02 242.76

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1143.23 (98)


8c. Space cooling requirement


Heat loss rate Lm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 427.07 336.20 345.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (100)

Utilisation factor for loss ƞm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.92 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (101)

Useful loss ƞmLm (watts) (100)m x (101)m

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 374.13 309.45 316.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (102)

Gains

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 628.51 609.64 608.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (103)

Space cooling requirement, whole dwelling, continuous (kWh) 0.024 x [(103)m - (102)m] x (41)m

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 183.15 223.34 217.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(104)6...8 = 623.96 (104)

Cooled fraction cooled area ÷ (4) = 0.77 (105)

Intermittency factor (Table 10)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(106)6...8 = 0.75 (106)

Space cooling requirement (104)m x (105) x (106)m

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.20 42.93 41.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(107)6...8 = 119.92 (107)

Space cooling requirement kWh/m²/year (107) ÷ (4) = 2.37 (108)



DRAFT


Space heating







Cooling system energy efficiency ratio (Table 10c) 4.32 (209)



247.99 184.45 151.09 91.88 46.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.11 167.95 261.32

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 1230.60 (211)

Water heating


85.60 85.15 84.48 83.48 82.08 79.80 79.80 79.80 79.80 83.04 84.80 85.80 (217)


200.14 177.64 188.74 172.19 172.33 159.44 154.14 167.75 167.01 179.44 184.59 195.19

∑(219a)1...12 = 2118.61 (219)

Space cooling fuel, kWh/month

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.15 9.94 9.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(221)6...8 = 27.76 (221)

Annual totals



Space cooling fuel 27.76


mechanical ventilation fans - balanced, extract or positive input from outside 137.63 (230a)






FuelkWh/year



Water heating 2118.61 3.48 73.73 (247)x x 0.01 =

Space cooling 27.76 13.19 3.66 (248)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 167.63 13.19 22.11 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 82.03




DRAFT

SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 2118.61 0.216 457.62 (264)x =


Space cooling 27.76 0.519 14.41 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 0.519 87.00 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 946.64 (272)


EI value 86.73


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 2118.61 1.22 2584.70 (264)x =


Space cooling 27.76 3.07 85.22 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 3.07 514.63 (267)x =







DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.85 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.16 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 (22b)





0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (24c)


0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 21.37 x 1.33 = 28.33 (27)

External wall 30.17 x 0.18 = 5.43 (29a)

Party wall 51.50 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)









32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 (38)


70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 70.55 (39)


0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.87 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






102.69 98.96 95.22 91.49 87.75 84.02 84.02 87.75 91.49 95.22 98.96 102.69

∑(44)1...12 = 1120.25 (44)


152.29 133.19 137.44 119.82 114.97 99.21 91.94 105.50 106.76 124.42 135.81 147.48

∑(45)1...12 = 1468.83 (45)


22.84 19.98 20.62 17.97 17.25 14.88 13.79 15.82 16.01 18.66 20.37 22.12 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.84 (55)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (56)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (57)


23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)



DRAFT


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


201.66 177.79 186.82 167.61 164.35 147.00 141.31 154.87 154.54 173.79 183.59 196.86 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


201.66 177.79 186.82 167.61 164.35 147.00 141.31 154.87 154.54 173.79 183.59 196.86

∑(64)1...12 = 2050.20 (64)


90.14 79.96 85.20 78.07 77.73 71.22 70.07 74.58 73.72 80.87 83.38 88.54 (65)

5. Internal gains



124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 (66)


19.84 17.62 14.33 10.85 8.11 6.85 7.40 9.62 12.91 16.39 19.13 20.39 (67)


222.55 224.86 219.04 206.65 191.01 176.31 166.49 164.18 170.00 182.39 198.03 212.73 (68)


35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 (71)


121.15 118.99 114.52 108.43 104.48 98.91 94.18 100.24 102.39 108.70 115.81 119.00 (72)


426.90 424.83 411.25 389.29 366.96 345.43 331.43 337.40 348.66 370.84 396.33 415.48 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

South 0.77 x 5.00 x 46.75 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 51.84 (78)

West 0.77 x 16.37 x 19.64 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 71.30 (80)


123.14 224.37 337.84 457.22 537.92 542.85 519.88 460.00 380.12 257.07 150.35 103.43 (83)


550.04 649.21 749.09 846.51 904.88 888.28 851.31 797.40 728.78 627.91 546.68 518.91 (84)





0.95 0.92 0.86 0.76 0.63 0.48 0.35 0.39 0.59 0.81 0.92 0.96 (86)


19.72 19.93 20.22 20.53 20.75 20.86 20.90 20.89 20.81 20.51 20.05 19.66 (87)



DRAFT


20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 (88)


0.94 0.91 0.84 0.74 0.59 0.42 0.29 0.33 0.54 0.79 0.91 0.95 (89)


19.01 19.22 19.50 19.79 19.99 20.08 20.10 20.10 20.04 19.78 19.33 18.95 (90)



19.29 19.50 19.79 20.09 20.29 20.39 20.42 20.42 20.35 20.07 19.62 19.24 (92)


19.29 19.50 19.79 20.09 20.29 20.39 20.42 20.42 20.35 20.07 19.62 19.24 (93)




0.93 0.90 0.84 0.73 0.59 0.44 0.31 0.35 0.55 0.78 0.90 0.94 (94)


513.73 583.09 626.11 619.06 535.97 388.60 264.65 276.28 399.87 490.64 493.13 489.28 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


1057.84 1030.25 937.77 789.41 606.28 408.70 269.69 283.49 440.98 668.10 883.25 1060.74 (97)


404.82 300.49 231.88 122.65 52.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 132.02 280.89 425.16

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1950.22 (98)




Heat loss rate Lm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 663.15 522.06 536.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (100)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.94 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (101)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 603.74 492.51 498.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (102)

Gains

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1115.92 1071.07 1009.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (103)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 368.77 430.45 379.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(104)6...8 = 1178.88 (104)



0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(106)6...8 = 0.75 (106)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 74.77 87.28 76.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(107)6...8 = 239.03 (107)




DRAFT


Space heating










435.76 323.45 249.60 132.02 56.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 142.11 302.35 457.66

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 2099.27 (211)

Water heating


86.64 86.20 85.39 84.00 82.14 79.80 79.80 79.80 79.80 84.09 85.94 86.82 (217)


232.77 206.24 218.78 199.54 200.07 184.21 177.08 194.08 193.66 206.67 213.62 226.75

∑(219a)1...12 = 2453.47 (219)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.31 20.20 17.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(221)6...8 = 55.33 (221)

Annual totals











FuelkWh/year



Water heating 2453.47 3.48 85.38 (247)x x 0.01 =

Space cooling 55.33 13.19 7.30 (248)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 234.63 13.19 30.95 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 83.19




DRAFT

SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 2453.47 0.216 529.95 (264)x =


Space cooling 55.33 0.519 28.72 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 234.63 0.519 121.77 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 1315.73 (272)


EI value 86.06


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 2453.47 1.22 2993.24 (264)x =


Space cooling 55.33 3.07 169.87 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 234.63 3.07 720.30 (267)x =







DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.78 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 (22b)





0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (24c)


0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 11.37 x 1.33 = 15.07 (27)

External wall 10.51 x 0.18 = 1.89 (29a)

Party wall 61.90 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)

Roof 50.60 x 0.16 = 8.10 (30)









20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 (38)


48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 48.33 (39)


0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.96 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






82.24 79.25 76.25 73.26 70.27 67.28 67.28 70.27 73.26 76.25 79.25 82.24

∑(44)1...12 = 897.12 (44)


121.95 106.66 110.06 95.96 92.07 79.45 73.62 84.48 85.49 99.63 108.76 118.11

∑(45)1...12 = 1176.26 (45)


18.29 16.00 16.51 14.39 13.81 11.92 11.04 12.67 12.82 14.95 16.31 17.72 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.84 (55)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (56)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (57)




DRAFT

23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48

∑(64)1...12 = 1757.63 (64)


80.05 71.14 76.10 70.13 70.12 64.64 63.98 67.59 66.65 72.63 74.39 78.77 (65)

5. Internal gains



85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 (66)


13.26 11.78 9.58 7.25 5.42 4.58 4.95 6.43 8.63 10.96 12.79 13.63 (67)


148.79 150.34 146.45 138.16 127.71 117.88 111.31 109.77 113.66 121.94 132.40 142.23 (68)


31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 (71)


107.60 105.87 102.28 97.41 94.24 89.78 86.00 90.85 92.57 97.62 103.32 105.88 (72)


321.27 319.60 309.93 294.44 278.99 263.86 253.87 258.67 266.48 282.14 300.12 313.35 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

West 0.77 x 11.37 x 19.64 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 49.52 (80)


49.52 96.87 159.54 232.68 285.15 291.91 277.91 238.72 185.55 114.95 61.75 40.72 (83)


370.79 416.48 469.46 527.12 564.14 555.76 531.78 497.38 452.03 397.09 361.87 354.08 (84)





0.94 0.92 0.87 0.78 0.66 0.51 0.38 0.42 0.62 0.83 0.92 0.95 (86)


19.61 19.79 20.08 20.42 20.68 20.83 20.88 20.87 20.76 20.41 19.94 19.56 (87)



DRAFT


20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 (88)


0.93 0.91 0.86 0.76 0.62 0.45 0.31 0.35 0.57 0.80 0.91 0.94 (89)


18.84 19.02 19.30 19.62 19.86 19.98 20.02 20.01 19.93 19.62 19.17 18.79 (90)



19.19 19.36 19.65 19.98 20.23 20.36 20.41 20.40 20.30 19.98 19.52 19.14 (92)


19.19 19.36 19.65 19.98 20.23 20.36 20.41 20.40 20.30 19.98 19.52 19.14 (93)




0.93 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.62 0.47 0.34 0.37 0.58 0.79 0.90 0.93 (94)


343.14 374.22 397.16 396.37 349.96 258.97 178.54 185.74 262.15 314.94 324.26 330.40 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


719.40 698.85 635.53 535.47 412.17 278.48 183.93 193.27 299.84 453.17 600.17 721.76 (97)


279.94 218.15 177.34 100.15 46.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 102.85 198.65 291.17

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1414.54 (98)




Heat loss rate Lm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 454.27 357.61 367.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (100)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (101)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 399.47 328.88 331.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (102)

Gains

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 699.47 670.44 630.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (103)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 215.99 254.12 222.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(104)6...8 = 692.66 (104)



0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(106)6...8 = 0.75 (106)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.51 48.84 42.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(107)6...8 = 133.12 (107)




DRAFT


Space heating










301.33 234.83 190.90 107.81 49.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 110.71 213.84 313.42

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 1522.65 (211)

Water heating


86.12 85.79 85.10 83.87 82.20 79.80 79.80 79.80 79.80 83.85 85.45 86.28 (217)


198.95 176.31 187.36 171.38 172.09 159.44 154.14 167.75 167.01 177.72 183.20 194.12

∑(219a)1...12 = 2109.48 (219)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.61 11.31 9.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(221)6...8 = 30.82 (221)

Annual totals











FuelkWh/year



Water heating 2109.48 3.48 73.41 (247)x x 0.01 =

Space cooling 30.82 13.19 4.06 (248)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 167.63 13.19 22.11 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 81.40




DRAFT

SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 2109.48 0.216 455.65 (264)x =


Space cooling 30.82 0.519 15.99 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 0.519 87.00 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 1009.11 (272)


EI value 85.86


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 2109.48 1.22 2573.56 (264)x =


Space cooling 30.82 3.07 94.60 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 3.07 514.63 (267)x =






Appendix C - ‘Be Green’ BRUKL Output Document and SAP Document




DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.78 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 (22b)





0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (24c)


0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 9.43 x 1.33 = 12.50 (27)

Exposed floor 50.60 x 0.16 = 8.10 (28b

External wall 12.45 x 0.18 = 2.24 (29a)

Party wall 61.50 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)









20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 (38)


45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43 45.43

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 45.43 (39)


0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.90 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






82.24 79.25 76.25 73.26 70.27 67.28 67.28 70.27 73.26 76.25 79.25 82.24

∑(44)1...12 = 897.12 (44)


121.95 106.66 110.06 95.96 92.07 79.45 73.62 84.48 85.49 99.63 108.76 118.11

∑(45)1...12 = 1176.26 (45)


18.29 16.00 16.51 14.39 13.81 11.92 11.04 12.67 12.82 14.95 16.31 17.72 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.84 (55)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (56)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (57)




DRAFT

23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48

∑(64)1...12 = 1757.63 (64)


80.05 71.14 76.10 70.13 70.12 64.64 63.98 67.59 66.65 72.63 74.39 78.77 (65)

5. Internal gains



85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 (66)


13.29 11.80 9.60 7.27 5.43 4.59 4.96 6.44 8.65 10.98 12.81 13.66 (67)


148.79 150.34 146.45 138.16 127.71 117.88 111.31 109.77 113.66 121.94 132.40 142.23 (68)


31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 (71)


107.60 105.87 102.28 97.41 94.24 89.78 86.00 90.85 92.57 97.62 103.32 105.88 (72)


321.29 319.62 309.94 294.45 279.00 263.87 253.88 258.68 266.50 282.16 300.15 313.38 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

South 0.77 x 9.43 x 46.75 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 97.77 (78)


97.77 160.12 203.96 230.52 240.22 231.18 225.87 219.36 213.06 172.70 115.89 84.48 (83)


419.06 479.74 513.91 524.97 519.21 495.04 479.76 478.03 479.56 454.86 416.04 397.86 (84)





0.92 0.88 0.84 0.77 0.67 0.53 0.40 0.42 0.58 0.77 0.88 0.93 (86)


19.83 20.02 20.25 20.49 20.70 20.83 20.89 20.88 20.81 20.55 20.15 19.77 (87)



DRAFT


20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 20.17 (88)


0.91 0.87 0.82 0.74 0.63 0.48 0.33 0.35 0.52 0.74 0.87 0.92 (89)


19.10 19.28 19.50 19.73 19.92 20.03 20.07 20.07 20.01 19.79 19.41 19.04 (90)



19.43 19.61 19.84 20.07 20.27 20.39 20.44 20.43 20.37 20.13 19.74 19.37 (92)


19.43 19.61 19.84 20.07 20.27 20.39 20.44 20.43 20.37 20.13 19.74 19.37 (93)




0.90 0.86 0.81 0.74 0.64 0.49 0.35 0.37 0.54 0.74 0.86 0.91 (94)


377.54 413.49 417.32 388.99 330.79 243.88 169.25 177.15 258.15 334.38 357.51 362.83 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


687.19 668.48 605.98 507.55 389.25 263.16 174.33 183.27 284.81 433.17 574.20 689.12 (97)


230.38 171.35 140.36 85.36 43.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 73.50 156.02 242.76

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1143.23 (98)




Heat loss rate Lm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 427.07 336.20 345.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (100)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.92 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (101)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 374.13 309.45 316.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (102)

Gains

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 628.51 609.64 608.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (103)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 183.15 223.34 217.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(104)6...8 = 623.96 (104)



0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(106)6...8 = 0.75 (106)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.20 42.93 41.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(107)6...8 = 119.92 (107)




DRAFT


Space heating










135.52 100.80 82.57 50.21 25.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.23 91.78 142.80

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 672.49 (211)

Water heating


170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 (217)


100.78 88.98 93.79 84.55 83.21 74.84 72.35 78.74 78.40 87.65 92.08 98.52

∑(219a)1...12 = 1033.90 (219)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.15 9.94 9.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(221)6...8 = 27.76 (221)

Annual totals











FuelkWh/year



Water heating 1033.90 13.19 136.37 (247)x x 0.01 =

Space cooling 27.76 13.19 3.66 (248)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 167.63 13.19 22.11 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 82.73




DRAFT

SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 1033.90 0.519 536.60 (264)x =


Space cooling 27.76 0.519 14.41 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 0.519 87.00 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 1108.83 (272)


EI value 84.46


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 1033.90 3.07 3174.08 (264)x =


Space cooling 27.76 3.07 85.22 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 3.07 514.63 (267)x =







DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.85 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.16 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 (22b)





0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (24c)


0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 21.37 x 1.33 = 28.33 (27)

External wall 30.17 x 0.18 = 5.43 (29a)

Party wall 51.50 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)









32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 32.95 (38)


70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55 70.55

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 70.55 (39)


0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.87 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






102.69 98.96 95.22 91.49 87.75 84.02 84.02 87.75 91.49 95.22 98.96 102.69

∑(44)1...12 = 1120.25 (44)


152.29 133.19 137.44 119.82 114.97 99.21 91.94 105.50 106.76 124.42 135.81 147.48

∑(45)1...12 = 1468.83 (45)


22.84 19.98 20.62 17.97 17.25 14.88 13.79 15.82 16.01 18.66 20.37 22.12 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.84 (55)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (56)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (57)


23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)



DRAFT


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


201.66 177.79 186.82 167.61 164.35 147.00 141.31 154.87 154.54 173.79 183.59 196.86 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


201.66 177.79 186.82 167.61 164.35 147.00 141.31 154.87 154.54 173.79 183.59 196.86

∑(64)1...12 = 2050.20 (64)


90.14 79.96 85.20 78.07 77.73 71.22 70.07 74.58 73.72 80.87 83.38 88.54 (65)

5. Internal gains



124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 124.54 (66)


19.84 17.62 14.33 10.85 8.11 6.85 7.40 9.62 12.91 16.39 19.13 20.39 (67)


222.55 224.86 219.04 206.65 191.01 176.31 166.49 164.18 170.00 182.39 198.03 212.73 (68)


35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 35.45 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 -99.63 (71)


121.15 118.99 114.52 108.43 104.48 98.91 94.18 100.24 102.39 108.70 115.81 119.00 (72)


426.90 424.83 411.25 389.29 366.96 345.43 331.43 337.40 348.66 370.84 396.33 415.48 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

South 0.77 x 5.00 x 46.75 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 51.84 (78)

West 0.77 x 16.37 x 19.64 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 71.30 (80)


123.14 224.37 337.84 457.22 537.92 542.85 519.88 460.00 380.12 257.07 150.35 103.43 (83)


550.04 649.21 749.09 846.51 904.88 888.28 851.31 797.40 728.78 627.91 546.68 518.91 (84)





0.95 0.92 0.86 0.76 0.63 0.48 0.35 0.39 0.59 0.81 0.92 0.96 (86)


19.72 19.93 20.22 20.53 20.75 20.86 20.90 20.89 20.81 20.51 20.05 19.66 (87)



DRAFT


20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 20.20 (88)


0.94 0.91 0.84 0.74 0.59 0.42 0.29 0.33 0.54 0.79 0.91 0.95 (89)


19.01 19.22 19.50 19.79 19.99 20.08 20.10 20.10 20.04 19.78 19.33 18.95 (90)



19.29 19.50 19.79 20.09 20.29 20.39 20.42 20.42 20.35 20.07 19.62 19.24 (92)


19.29 19.50 19.79 20.09 20.29 20.39 20.42 20.42 20.35 20.07 19.62 19.24 (93)




0.93 0.90 0.84 0.73 0.59 0.44 0.31 0.35 0.55 0.78 0.90 0.94 (94)


513.73 583.09 626.11 619.06 535.97 388.60 264.65 276.28 399.87 490.64 493.13 489.28 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


1057.84 1030.25 937.77 789.41 606.28 408.70 269.69 283.49 440.98 668.10 883.25 1060.74 (97)


404.82 300.49 231.88 122.65 52.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 132.02 280.89 425.16

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1950.22 (98)




Heat loss rate Lm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 663.15 522.06 536.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (100)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.94 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (101)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 603.74 492.51 498.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (102)

Gains

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1115.92 1071.07 1009.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (103)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 368.77 430.45 379.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(104)6...8 = 1178.88 (104)



0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(106)6...8 = 0.75 (106)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 74.77 87.28 76.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(107)6...8 = 239.03 (107)




DRAFT


Space heating










238.13 176.76 136.40 72.15 30.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 77.66 165.23 250.10

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 1147.19 (211)

Water heating


170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 (217)


118.63 104.58 109.89 98.59 96.68 86.47 83.13 91.10 90.91 102.23 108.00 115.80

∑(219a)1...12 = 1206.00 (219)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.31 20.20 17.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(221)6...8 = 55.33 (221)

Annual totals











FuelkWh/year



Water heating 1206.00 13.19 159.07 (247)x x 0.01 =

Space cooling 55.33 13.19 7.30 (248)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 234.63 13.19 30.95 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 81.71




DRAFT

SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 1206.00 0.519 625.91 (264)x =


Space cooling 55.33 0.519 28.72 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 234.63 0.519 121.77 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 1553.64 (272)


EI value 83.54


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 1206.00 3.07 3702.42 (264)x =


Space cooling 55.33 3.07 169.87 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 234.63 3.07 720.30 (267)x =







DRAFT







Volume (m³)




2. Ventilation rate

m³ per hour






Air changes perhour






Shelter factor 1 - [0.075 x (19)] = 0.78 (20)





5.10 5.00 4.90 4.40 4.30 3.80 3.80 3.70 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.70 (22)


1.28 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.08 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.00 1.08 1.13 1.18 (22a)


0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 (22b)





0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (24c)


0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 (25)



DRAFT



Openingsm²

Net areaA, m²

U-valueW/m²K


A x κ,kJ/K

Window 11.37 x 1.33 = 15.07 (27)

External wall 10.51 x 0.18 = 1.89 (29a)

Party wall 61.90 x 0.00 = 0.00 (32)

Roof 50.60 x 0.16 = 8.10 (30)









20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 20.46 (38)


48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33 48.33

Average = ∑(39)1...12/12 = 48.33 (39)


0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96

Average = ∑(40)1...12/12 = 0.96 (40)


31.00 28.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 (40)






82.24 79.25 76.25 73.26 70.27 67.28 67.28 70.27 73.26 76.25 79.25 82.24

∑(44)1...12 = 897.12 (44)


121.95 106.66 110.06 95.96 92.07 79.45 73.62 84.48 85.49 99.63 108.76 118.11

∑(45)1...12 = 1176.26 (45)


18.29 16.00 16.51 14.39 13.81 11.92 11.04 12.67 12.82 14.95 16.31 17.72 (46)


Water storage loss:




Enter (50) or (54) in (55) 0.84 (55)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (56)


26.11 23.59 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 26.11 25.27 26.11 25.27 26.11 (57)




DRAFT

23.26 21.01 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 23.26 22.51 23.26 22.51 23.26 (59)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (61)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48 (62)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (63)


171.33 151.26 159.44 143.74 141.45 127.24 123.00 133.86 133.28 149.01 156.54 167.48

∑(64)1...12 = 1757.63 (64)


80.05 71.14 76.10 70.13 70.12 64.64 63.98 67.59 66.65 72.63 74.39 78.77 (65)

5. Internal gains



85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 85.39 (66)


13.26 11.78 9.58 7.25 5.42 4.58 4.95 6.43 8.63 10.96 12.79 13.63 (67)


148.79 150.34 146.45 138.16 127.71 117.88 111.31 109.77 113.66 121.94 132.40 142.23 (68)


31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 31.54 (69)


3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 (70)


-68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 -68.31 (71)


107.60 105.87 102.28 97.41 94.24 89.78 86.00 90.85 92.57 97.62 103.32 105.88 (72)


321.27 319.60 309.93 294.44 278.99 263.86 253.87 258.67 266.48 282.14 300.12 313.35 (73)

6. Solar gains


Aream²

Solar fluxW/m²



GainsW

West 0.77 x 11.37 x 19.64 x 0.9 x 0.40 x 0.80 = 49.52 (80)


49.52 96.87 159.54 232.68 285.15 291.91 277.91 238.72 185.55 114.95 61.75 40.72 (83)


370.79 416.48 469.46 527.12 564.14 555.76 531.78 497.38 452.03 397.09 361.87 354.08 (84)





0.94 0.92 0.87 0.78 0.66 0.51 0.38 0.42 0.62 0.83 0.92 0.95 (86)


19.61 19.79 20.08 20.42 20.68 20.83 20.88 20.87 20.76 20.41 19.94 19.56 (87)



DRAFT


20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 20.12 (88)


0.93 0.91 0.86 0.76 0.62 0.45 0.31 0.35 0.57 0.80 0.91 0.94 (89)


18.84 19.02 19.30 19.62 19.86 19.98 20.02 20.01 19.93 19.62 19.17 18.79 (90)



19.19 19.36 19.65 19.98 20.23 20.36 20.41 20.40 20.30 19.98 19.52 19.14 (92)


19.19 19.36 19.65 19.98 20.23 20.36 20.41 20.40 20.30 19.98 19.52 19.14 (93)




0.93 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.62 0.47 0.34 0.37 0.58 0.79 0.90 0.93 (94)


343.14 374.22 397.16 396.37 349.96 258.97 178.54 185.74 262.15 314.94 324.26 330.40 (95)


4.30 4.90 6.50 8.90 11.70 14.60 16.60 16.40 14.10 10.60 7.10 4.20 (96)


719.40 698.85 635.53 535.47 412.17 278.48 183.93 193.27 299.84 453.17 600.17 721.76 (97)


279.94 218.15 177.34 100.15 46.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 102.85 198.65 291.17

∑(98)1...5, 10...12 = 1414.54 (98)




Heat loss rate Lm

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 454.27 357.61 367.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (100)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (101)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 399.47 328.88 331.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (102)

Gains

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 699.47 670.44 630.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (103)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 215.99 254.12 222.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(104)6...8 = 692.66 (104)



0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(106)6...8 = 0.75 (106)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.51 48.84 42.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(107)6...8 = 133.12 (107)




DRAFT


Space heating










164.67 128.33 104.32 58.91 27.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.50 116.85 171.27

∑(211)1...5, 10...12 = 832.08 (211)

Water heating


170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 170.00 (217)


100.78 88.98 93.79 84.55 83.21 74.84 72.35 78.74 78.40 87.65 92.08 98.52

∑(219a)1...12 = 1033.90 (219)


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.61 11.31 9.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

∑(221)6...8 = 30.82 (221)

Annual totals











FuelkWh/year



Water heating 1033.90 13.19 136.37 (247)x x 0.01 =

Space cooling 30.82 13.19 4.06 (248)x x 0.01 =

Pumps and fans 167.63 13.19 22.11 (249)x x 0.01 =







SAP value 81.42




DRAFT

SAP band B


EnergykWh/year




Water heating 1033.90 0.519 536.60 (264)x =


Space cooling 30.82 0.519 15.99 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 0.519 87.00 (267)x =


Total CO₂, kg/year (265)...(271) = 1193.02 (272)


EI value 83.28


EI band B


EnergykWh/year



Water heating 1033.90 3.07 3174.08 (264)x =


Space cooling 30.82 3.07 94.60 (266)x =

Pumps and fans 167.63 3.07 514.63 (267)x =






Appendix D - GLA Carbon Factor Spreadsheet

Table 1: Carbon Dioxide Emissions after each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for domestic buildings Table 1: Carbon Dioxide Emissions after each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for domestic buildings

Regulated Unregulated Regulated Unregulated

Baseline: Part L 2013 of the Building

Regulations Compliant Development54 105


Regulations Compliant Development48 56

After energy demand reduction 59 84 After energy demand reduction 50 45

After heat network / CHP 59 84 After heat network / CHP 50 45

After renewable energy 70 84 After renewable energy 31 45

Table 2: Regulated Carbon Dioxide savings from each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for domestic buildings Table 2: Regulated Carbon Dioxide savings from each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for domestic buildings

(Tonnes CO2 per annum) (%) (Tonnes CO2 per annum) (%)

Savings from energy demand

reduction-5 -9%


reduction-2 -5%

Savings from heat network / CHP 0 0% Savings from heat network / CHP 0 0%

Savings from renewable energy -11 -20% Savings from renewable energy 19 39%

Cumulative on site savings -16 -29% Cumulative on site savings 16 34%

Annual savings from off-set payment 70 - Annual savings from off-set payment 31 -

Cumulative savings for off-set

payment2,102 -

Cumulative savings for off-set

payment944 -

Cash in-lieu contribution (£) 126,127 Cash in-lieu contribution (£) 56,623

Carbon Dioxide Emissions for domestic buildings

(Tonnes CO2 per annum)

Regulated domestic carbon dioxide savings

(Tonnes CO2) (Tonnes CO2)

Regulated domestic carbon dioxide savings

SAP 2012 PERFORMANCE SAP10 PERFORMANCE

Carbon Dioxide Emissions for domestic buildings


DOMESTIC

Table 3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions after each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for non-domestic buildings Table 3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions after each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for non-domestic buildings

Regulated Unregulated Regulated Unregulated


Regulations Compliant Development0


Regulations Compliant Development0

After energy demand reduction 0 After energy demand reduction 0

After heat network / CHP 0 After heat network / CHP 0

After renewable energy 0 After renewable energy 0

Table 4: Regulated Carbon Dioxide savings from each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for non-domestic buildings Table 4: Regulated Carbon Dioxide savings from each stage of the Energy Hierarchy for non-domestic buildings

(Tonnes CO2 per annum) (%) (Tonnes CO2 per annum) (%)


reduction0 #DIV/0!


reduction0 #DIV/0!

Savings from heat network / CHP 0 #DIV/0! Savings from heat network / CHP 0 #DIV/0!

Savings from renewable energy 0 #DIV/0! Savings from renewable energy 0 #DIV/0!

Total Cumulative Savings 0 #DIV/0! Total Cumulative Savings 0 #DIV/0!

Table 5: Shortfall in regulated carbon dioxide savings Table 5: Shortfall in regulated carbon dioxide savings

Annual Shortfall

(Tonnes CO2)

Cumulative Shortfall

(Tonnes CO2)

Annual Shortfall

(Tonnes CO2)

Cumulative Shortfall

(Tonnes CO2)

Total Target Savings 0 - Total Target Savings 0 -

Shortfall 0 0 Shortfall 0 0

Cash in-lieu contribution (£) 0 - Cash in-lieu contribution (£) 0 -

Total regulated emissions

(Tonnes CO2 / year)

CO2 savings

(Tonnes CO2 / year)

Percentage savings

(%)

Total regulated emissions

(Tonnes CO2 / year)

CO2 savings

(Tonnes CO2 / year)

Percentage savings

(%)

Part L 2013 baseline 54 Part L 2013 baseline 48

Regulated non-domestic carbon dioxide savings

Carbon Dioxide Emissions for non-domestic buildings


Carbon Dioxide Emissions for non-domestic buildings


SITE-WIDE

Regulated non-domestic carbon dioxide savings

NON-DOMESTIC

Be lean 59 -5 -9% Be lean 50 -2 -5%

Be clean 59 0 0% Be clean 50 0 0%

Be green 70 -11 -20% Be green 31 19 39%

-CO2 savings off-set

(Tonnes CO2) - -

CO2 savings off-set

(Tonnes CO2) -

Off-set - 2,102 - Off-set - 944 -

Space Heating Hot Water Lighting Auxilary Cooling Unregulated electricity Unregulated gas

Domestic 0 0 0 0 0

Non-domestic 0 0 0 0 0

Target Fabric Energy Efficiency

(kWh/m²)

Dwelling Fabric Energy Efficiency

(kWh/m²)Improvement (%)

Development total 37.28 32.14 14%

Area weighted average

non-domestic

cooling demand (MJ/m2)

Total area weighted

non-domestic

cooling demand

(MJ/year)

Actual

Notional

Energy demand following energy efficiency measures (MWh/year)Building use



Appendix E - Discounted Renewable Technologies and Reasons for Exclusion from Development



With the reference to Item 9.1 Green Technologies, the following describes the renewable technologies that have been discounted in respect of the proposed development and why:

Domestic Hot Water Heating

Solar thermal or solar hot water (SHW) systems use a collector which is generally mounted on the roof, and typically contains a water glycol mixture which is heated by the sun. The heated liquid is then passed through a coil in a hot water storage cylinder. The water in the cylinder is then further heated (if required) by a boiler or electric immersion heater. The free energy obtained from the sun can be used to offset the amount of energy required for providing domestic hot water and will reduce both running costs (due to the fuel being displaced electricity, natural gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or oil) and the associated CO2 emissions.

These systems are not good enough to provide space heating in the UK due to the climate but are among the most cost-effective renewable energy systems that can be installed to assist with domestic hot water demand.

Solar water heating could be installed by utilizing either evacuated tube type panels or flat plate collectors mounted on the roof of the building.

Reasons for Excluding this Technology for this Site

SHW only contributes to the water heating demand of the building and has reduced effectiveness during the winter months. Consequently, they do not supply sufficient carbon reduction. This technology is not considered suitable for this project and is not investigated further.

The technology cannot produce a material contribution to the energy needs of a commercial development such as this, as the demand for hot water is for occasional hand washing which represents a very small proportion of the total demand. It is quite possible that the energy consumed by the solar circuit pump would be greater than the energy used by instantaneous water heaters to provide the same amount of hot water. For these reasons solar thermal panels are only suitable for specific commercial applications which have a quantifiable demand for hot water that can be matched to the output characteristic of a solar thermal system.



Biomass Boilers

Biomass heating is the combustion of a biomass fuel such as wood in a boiler to supply space heating and hot water. Biomass is biological in origin and when from sustainable sources is regarded as a renewable.

The most common fuel is wood, supplied in three forms, logs, chips and compressed wood pellets.

Any biomass heating system requires the following main components:

• Fuel storage; • One or more boilers; • One or more heat accumulators; • A chimney stack or flue; • A heat meters.

Sufficient fuel must be stored on-site to maintain operations in between deliveries. The amount will depend on circumstances but is typically no less than a week of operation at full load.

The store must keep the fuel dry. Wet fuel will cause the boiler to malfunction.

The design of the store will depend on the fuel selected; logs can be kept in a simple shed, chips in a storage bay and pellets in an enclosed hopper.

Typical solutions are silos similar to animal feed storage or partitioned sections in an enclosed barn, outhouse or commodity store.

Access is needed for deliveries and some is needed to convey the fuel to the boiler on demand.

There are two main types of boiler – continuously fuelled and batch fuelled. Continuously fuelled boilers use wood chip or pellet fuels and can be made fully automatic.

The space requirement for biomass plant, equipment and associated fuel storage is significant and given the footprint of the building and its central Stain upon Thames location the site has limited off-street loading and delivery areas. Biomass requires frequent and regular deliveries of fuel which would impact on local transportation due to site servicing constraints and would therefore not be suitable for this redevelopment.


There are many discussions at this time with regards to the suitability of biomass due to the Clean Air Act Requirements and the viability of clean biomass systems has not yet been proven.

Storage limitations dictate whether it is physically feasible to include within the development's renewable energy strategy; a large dry space for storing the fuel would be required to hold several months’ worth of fuel. In addition, a fuel supplier would need to be within reasonable vicinity; otherwise the emissions associated with delivery will significantly reduce the on-site carbon savings.

Biomass boilers do not operate in the same way as gas and oil boilers. They have a more limited operating range and cannot respond as rapidly to changes in demand. Short operating cycles are not recommended. The use of a hot water tank or accumulator in the system to balance the output of the boiler and the demand of the heating system is highly recommended. The necessary volume depends on the type of boiler and the character of the heating system. Pellet boilers have a good operating range and a relatively small tank would be used. Log boilers have little range and a large tank that can absorb the energy contained within one or more charges of wood is necessary.



Biomass boilers are combustion appliances and are subject to regulation on placing height and the quantity of pollutant emissions. This should be discussed with the Environmental Health Officer of the Local Authority.

Therefore the inclusion of biomass has not been deemed appropriate and is not considered further.

Ground Source Heat Pumps

Ground source heat pumps can be used to provide heating and or cooling to the building. Whilst ground source does rely on fossil fuels (indirectly) to provide the energy source, they are considered renewable given their high coefficient of performance and hence reduced fossil fuel reliance.

This can be one of four methods:

i. Closed horizontal loops, generally comprising a number of flow and return horizontal coiled loops sometimes called ‘slinkies’.

ii. Closed vertical loops, generally comprising a number of flow and return vertical loops to approximately 100m.

iii. Open loop, generally comprising of an abstraction and rejection well. iv. Abstraction only open loop, comprising of an abstraction well with water rejected to either the local

sewer systems or river/water course.


In order to provide the anticipated heating and cooling bore holes would be required with sufficient distance needed between them. Existing services within the ground would prohibit the installation of a borehole type heat pump. Space limitations prohibit the installation of a ‘slinky’ type heat pump.



Wind Turbines

This section covers both large scale and micro wind solutions.

Large scale wind generation systems have capacities over 100kW and are usually used to power larger developments such as, larger scale housing, industrial estates and hotels with many rooms. These systems cannot be roof mounted due to their size and weight.


Due to the large capital cost and surroundings, large scale wind turbine systems are not considered viable at this project.

It is difficult to obtain predictable or large amounts of wind energy in city centre locations, as they require non-turbulent, horizontal air streams to be most effective. Surrounding buildings, trees, etc. can cause significant issues with regards to micro and large scale installations unless the rotors are positioned at a considerable height.

Micro wind turbine technology has been found to be extremely difficult to achieve a contribution economically. A significant number of units would be required to provide any reasonable energy savings which would have serious visual impact implications.

Tall buildings give their own specific problems in that the building act as a spoiler, pushing wind upwards and over the turbine, reducing effectiveness considerably.

Additional considerations with large and micro wind solutions are the potential issues from stroboscopic light, topple distance, noise, impact on wildlife and structural enhancements which all raise major concerns given the building central Hatfield location.

Given the building location and its close proximity to nearby buildings, achieving an acceptable solution that will provide sufficient renewable contribution as well as overcome the installation impacts is unlikely and therefore has not been considered for this project.



Photovoltaic Panels (PV)

PV systems convert energy from the sun into electricity through semi-conductor cells. A cell consists of two thin layers of different semi-conducting materials, usually based on silicon. When light shines on the cell, a difference in energy is created – otherwise known as voltage. This voltage is used to produce a direct current (DC), which can be used directly or converted into alternating current (AC). AC can be exported to the local electricity network/national grid. The brighter the sunlight, the more power is produced. Shading from other objects (such as nearby

buildings and trees) will affect performance and PV cells are more likely to show a drop in output than solar thermal panels. As with solar hot water, the panels should face as close to due south as possible and be unshaded for most of the day. An individual PV cell only produces a small amount of power, therefore they are usually connected together to form a module. Modules can then be linked to form an array and sized to meet the required demand.

The size of a Photovoltaic (PV) installation is expressed by its kilowatt peak (kWp) potential, which is an indication of how much electricity the system could generate at peak/optimum conditions. The electricity generated on-site by Photovoltaic cells would be a direct saving on electricity otherwise sourced from the national grid. The electricity generated would be a direct saving on electricity required for power, lighting, heating and hot water (depending on systems installed). Whilst expensive it should be noted that PV technology off-sets three times the carbon dioxide from grid supplied electricity compared to technology which reduces natural gas consumption therefore as a single simplistic solution it compares favourably. The residential element of the site will roughly have 0.9kwp per unit.


Based on the site being electrically heated the intention is to take advantage of the reducing carbon intensity of the National Grid. Over time the reduction in carbon associated with PV would diminish when relative to the National Grid.

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Energy Statement for Planning For Link Drive, Hatfield

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