Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä,...
-
Upload
kerrie-booth -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä,...
![Page 1: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy
State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from GermanyOctober 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland
www.german-renewable-energy.com
Jens Giersdorf, German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ)
![Page 2: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Content
German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ) Biogas development in Germany Biogas technologies Economics of biogas production in Germany Recent trends and challenges
![Page 3: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Energy
German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ)
![Page 4: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ)
DBFZ founded in 2008 as a non-profit company owned by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV)
2009: 134 employees, 149 projects Application oriented technical, economic and
environmental R&D activities Consultancies for private/public institutions Policy assessment for federal ministries Feasibility studies for bioenergy plants
![Page 5: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Energy
Biogas development in Germany
![Page 6: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Number of biogas plants and installed electricity power
Source: DBFZ 2010
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*
An
lag
enza
hl
[-]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Inst
alli
erte
ele
ktri
sch
e L
eist
un
g
[MW
el]
> 500 kWel davon > 1 MWel
70 bis 500 kWel davon 70 bis 150 kWel
< 70 kWel install. el.Leistung [MWel]
Electrical power generation from biogas (2009): 10.5 TWhel (real), equals 34% of power generation from biomass in total, respectively 1.8 % of German brutto electrical power generation
![Page 7: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Share of substrates (% FM) in German biogas plants
6%3%
4%
48% 2%
2%
24%
9%
Pig liquid manure
Cattle liquid manure
Cattle solid manure
Other manure
Maize silage
Grass silage
Grains
Whole plants silage grains
Grass
Other energy crops
Water
Manure (37%)
Man
ure
Energy crops (63%)
Ene
rgy
crop
sSource: Biogasmessprogramm II, FNR, 2009
n = 413
![Page 8: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Energy
Biogas technologies
![Page 9: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Scheme of processes in a farm-based biogas plant
Source: Biogas – an introduction, FNR, 2009
![Page 10: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of biogas digestors
System Continuous Discontinuous
Category Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
Plug flow digestor Batch/Percolation
Symbol
Example
Substrate Characteristics
Liquid, 12% total solids
Viscous, up to 40% total solids
Solid, structured, stackable, humidification through sprinkling
![Page 11: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
Source: Handreichung Biogas, FNR, 2009; DBFZ 2010
![Page 12: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
Advantages Cost-effective construction > 300 m³ Flexible flow-through/storage operation Maintenance without reactor emptying
Disadvantages Cover sheet for large reactors is complex/expensive Short circuit currents may occur, retention time insecure Scum and sink layers may occur
![Page 13: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Plug-flow digester
Sources: Handreichung Biogas, FNR, 2009; Eisenmann AG 2010
![Page 14: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Plug-flow digester
Advantages Cost-effective construction for small plants Separation of fermentation steps in plug-flow No scum nor sink layers, short retention time Optimal retention time due to prevention of short circuit currents Low heat losses due to compact construction form
Disadvantages Construction only for small plants feasible Maintenance of stirring devices requires complete emptying of
digester
![Page 16: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Batch/percolation
Advantages Utilization of solid substrates Modular construction, flexible adaption to demands, low investment Few material handling equipment, reduced investment and
maintenance costs, low process energy demand
Disadvantages Delayed operation of several modules for continuous production Incomplete mixture: zones with reduced gas production may occur Installation of security equipment required Large quantities of inoculate needed for high biogas yields
![Page 17: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Energy
Economics of biogas production in Germany
![Page 18: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Investment costs
Investment costs depend on…. Technical equipment of the plant Development costs of the property (road, canalization, etc.) Access to energy grid, heat grid, manure storage tank if necessary Substrate for digestion (biogenic waste treatment plants more
expensive than energy crops due to higienisation)
![Page 19: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Investment costs
Source: Bundesmessprogramm II, FNR, 2009
Total investment costs [Mio €]
Re
lati
ve
fre
qu
en
cy
Installed electr. capacity [kWel]
Sp
ec
ific
in
ve
stm
en
t c
os
ts [
€/k
Wel]
Total investment costs: 1 – 1.5 mio USD
Specific investment costs: 3,800 – 5,000 USD/kWel
![Page 20: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Operating costs
Substrate costs Costs for spreading of digestate Maintenance costs Labor costs Process energy demand Costs for consumables Costs for depreciation and interest
![Page 21: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Annual total costs
Depreciation Base rate
Purchase of energy crops
Other direct costs
Labor costs
Maintenance contractsOther operating costs
Re
lati
ve
an
nu
al
ex
pe
nd
itu
res
[% o
f to
tal
co
sts
]
Source: Bundesmessprogramm II, FNR, 2009
![Page 22: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Production costs for electrical energy
Source: Bundesmessprogramm II, FNR, 2009
Pro
du
cti
on
co
sts
fo
r e
lec
tric
al
en
erg
y
[€/k
Wh
el]
Electrical utilization ratio [%]
![Page 23: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Revenues
Revenues for electricity: Feed-in-tariff Substitution of expensive own consumption Revenues from direct marketing/sales
Revenues for heat: Constant heat demand, especially in summer Costs for heat conduction Alternative heat costs
Revenues for disposal: Additional costs for treatment Revenues free plant (without additional transport costs) If applicable higher environmental regulations for the plant
Revenues for digestate (substitute for mineral fertilizer)
![Page 24: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Composition of revenues
Electr. Heat sales Digestate Digestate salesHeat savings
Co
mp
os
itio
n o
f re
ve
nu
es
[€/a
]
Source: Bundesmessprogramm II, FNR, 2009
![Page 25: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Important factors for success
Optimal choice of biogas plant location of major importance
Low substrate costs Year-round demand for heat and electricity
Skilled employees with enthusiasm for the challenge „biogas plant“
Professional plant layout Long-term financing
![Page 26: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Energy
Recent trends and challenges
![Page 27: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Biomethane feed-in plants in Germany
About 38 biogas upgrading and feed-in plants operating (23,520 Nm³/h capacity)
High costs for upgrading of biogas to natural gas quality requires large plants (> 2 MWel)
Gas grid can be used as storage facility Optimization of heat use and/or satisfaction of peak loads
Several feed-in plants planned, but development slowed down
![Page 28: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Biomethane feed-in plants in Germany
![Page 29: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Integration of bioethanol and biogas production
Sources: Agraferm, 2010, Verbio AG, 2010
![Page 30: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Challenges
Optimization (acceleration) of process biology Improvement of heat utilization concepts Optimization of „dry fermentation“ to increase use
of ligno-cellulosic substrates (agricultural residues) Reduction of biomass/methane losses during the
production process Promotion of biomethane application (esp. as
transport fuel)
![Page 31: Energy State of the art of biogas technology - Examples from Germany October 2010, Jyväskylä, Finland Jens Giersdorf, German.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8b2c8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Energy
Thank you for your attention!
Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum German Biomass Research CentreTorgauer Straße 11604347 Leipzig, Germany
www.dbfz.deTel./Fax. +49(0)341 – 2434 – 112 / – 133
Contact:Jens [email protected]