Energy Savings Impacts of the Advanced Energy Design Guide: Small Office Buildings Bing Liu, P.E....
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Transcript of Energy Savings Impacts of the Advanced Energy Design Guide: Small Office Buildings Bing Liu, P.E....
Energy Savings Impacts of the Advanced Energy Design Guide: Small Office Buildings
Bing Liu, P.E.Research EngineerPacific Northwest National LaboratoryTel: (509) [email protected]
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 2
Energy Use Simulation Approach
Scoping Study: Baseline building – Standard 90.1-1999 Advanced building – Off-the-Shelf technology Two Models: 5,000 sf and 20,000 sf office
buildings Use eQuest to test run in four climate locations:
Miami, Phoenix, Seattle and Duluth
Full Study: 15 representative locations in 8 DOE Climate
Zones Use DOE-2.2 directly to make 60 parametric runs
for full study
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 3
5,000 ft² Office Prototype
Square floor plan Single story Frame construction 20% window-to-wall ratio Single tenant
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 4
20,000 ft² Office Prototype
Square floor plan
2-story Masonry
construction 30% window-
to-wall ratio 3 tenants
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 5
What is in the Baseline Building?
Comply with Standard 90.1-1999 Insulation requirements for roofs, walls,
floors and slabs U-Value and SHGC for window glazing U-Value for doors Interior lighting power density Mechanical equipment efficiency Economizer requirement And more…
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 6
What is in the Baseline Building?
When not specified by 90.1-1999… Room Thermostat:
Setpoint: 75°F cooling & 70°F heating Setback/Setup: 80°F cooling & 65°F
heating Office Equipment Plug Load Schedules
Energy Policy Act Standard analysis Recent research study and peer review
comments Fan Static Pressure
Plug Load Schedule - Weekday20,000 sf Office Building
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour of Day
Fra
ctio
n o
f D
efin
ed P
eak
Loa
d
Before After
Characteristic Baseline Model Data Source
Architectural Features
Configuration/Shape
Aspect Ratio 1
Zoning 5 zones per floor (one core + four perimeter zones)
Number of Floors 2
Window to Wall Ratio 30% ribbon windows uniformly distributed by orientation
SP 102 Recommendation
Floor-to-Ceiling Height: 9 ft General practice
Floor-to-Floor Height: 12 ft General practice
Infiltration Rate - 0.038 cfm/sf of the gross exterior wall - 0.122 air change per hour for entire building
- ASHRAE 90.1-1989 §13.7.3.2 - 12 feet high Exterior Wall
Infiltration Schedule OFF_M-F_INFIL Off when the HVAC fan is on
Roof
Structure Steel deck with rigid insulation SP 102 Recommendation
Exterior Finish Single-ply roof membrane
Insulation R-15 ci ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Table B-14
Overall U-factor 0.063 ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Table B-14
Emissivity 0.87
Solar Reflectance 0.23 (grey EPDM)
Grey single-ply membranes from PG&E High Albedo (Cool) Roofs CASE Study Report at http://www.newbuildings.org/downloads/codes/CoolRoof.pdf
ASHRAE SP102 Advanced Energy Design Guide Modeling Assumptions & Energy Usage - 20,000 sf Office Building Table 5 Baseline Modeling Assumptions (Round 2) – Seattle, WA
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 9
What is in the Advanced Building?
Envelope Cool roofs Better insulations High performance windows and doors Overhangs for windows except facing north
Interior Lighting Reduced installed lighting power density Daylighting harvest for WWR 25% or higher Daylighting dimming control on south and north
perimeter zones Occupancy Sensor
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 10
What is in the Advanced Building?
Mechanical System Higher efficiency unitary equipment in some
climate zones Motorized outside air damper control Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) Lower duct friction rate: 0.08 in/100 ft vs. 0.10
in/100 ft of standard practice Service Water Heater
Higher thermal efficiency for gas-fired storage water heater or
Gas-fired instantaneous water heater
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Miam
i
Hou
ston
Pho
enix
El P
aso
Mem
phis
San
Fra
ncisc
o
Alb
uque
rque
Bal
timor
e
Sea
ttle
Boi
se
Chic
ago
Bur
lingt
on
Hele
na
Dulu
th
Fai
rban
ks
En
erg
y S
av
ing
s, %
5000 sf Bldg 20,000 sf Bldg
30% Goal Over Standard 90.1-1999
Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base Building(Without Plug Load)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
En
erg
y S
av
ing
s, %
5000 sf Bldg 20,000 sf Bldg
Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base Building(Including Plug Load)
Energy Use Index5,000 sf Office Building
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
EU
I, kB
tu/s
f
Base Case Advanced Case
Energy Use Index20,000 sf Office Building
0
20
40
60
80
EU
I, kB
tu/s
f
Base Case Advanced Case
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Miami Baltimore Duluth
Per
cen
tag
e S
avin
gs
Ove
r 90
.1-1
999
Lighting Cooling Heating Fans SWH
Comparison of Energy Savings 5,000 sf Office Building
35.6% 36.4%
49.1%
Average Savings of All the Climate Zones = 38%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Miami Baltimore Duluth
Per
cen
t S
avin
gs
Ove
r 90
.1-1
999
Lighting Cooling Heating Fans SWH
Comparison of Energy Savings 20,000 sf Office Building
35%
38%43%
Average Savings of All the Climate Zones = 38%
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 17
Advanced Simulation Challenges
Real windows vs. DOE-2 window library Window Shading Coefficient Method Window Library Method Window Layers Method
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 18
Advanced Simulation Challenges
Occupancy sensor DOE-2 doesn’t have occupancy sensor
module Modify the lighting schedule to estimate
the potential energy savings from the occupancy sensors
Lighting & Occupancy Sensor Schedule
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Weekday - Hour of Day
Fra
cti
on
of
De
fin
ed
Pe
ak
Lighting Lighting with Occupancy Sensor
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 20
Advanced Simulation Challenges
Demand ventilation control No CO2 sensor module in DOE-2 Modify the outside air change rate to
reflect the average reduction of the outside intake using CO2 sensor – 20%
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 21
Advanced Simulation Challenges
Motorized outside air damper control Potentially saving cooling and heating
energy during nights by closing the OA damper when fans cycle on to maintain space setback temperature
Hourly-based simulation may over-estimate the energy savings from the motorized outside air damper in the cold climates
February 7, 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 22
Questions?
Bing Liu, P.E.Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryTel: (509) [email protected]