Energy Resources

UNIT 7STANDARDS: NCES

2.2.2, 2.8.1LESSON 2

Lesson Objectives

In this lesson, you will learn about: What energy resources are found on Earth What alternatives to traditional energy

resources exists. How conservation can extend both

traditional and alternative energy resources.

What is the current estimate on traditional energy resources available now.

Sources of Energy Demonstration

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form and be transferred.

Add 200 mL of water to a 250mL beaker. Place it on the hot plate and turn it on. Observe what happens to the water as it

heats up and begins to boil. Describe the flow energy to water. Explain the source of energy. Where did the energy go when the water began

to boil?

Conventional Energy Resources

Your normal day

Where did the energy come from?

Get up and turn on the lights. Run water for a shower. Maybe toast bread. Microwave your breakfast. Ride the bus or in a car. Stop for breakfast. Listen to your phone. IM, text, or watch TV

Transfer of Solar Energy

Primary producers Green plants trap the sun’s energy by photosynthesis.

When energy is not used, it is stored.

The cereal has stored energy from the grains.

Gasoline is derived from the decaying organisms that once trapped the sun’s energy.

Traditional Source: Wood

Wood Humans have used wood to heat and cook for thousands of years.

Use of wood lead to deforestation of many areas.

Developing countries use wood as a primary fuel source.

Do you know of someone who uses wood to heat or cook?

Safe use of wood heat

Traditional Source: Wood Alternatives

When wood became scarce, humans turned to these fuel sources:

Field crops Corn, Hay, straw Used after crops were harvested Burned stalks, hulls, cobs, nuts

Fecal Material Burning “dung” or dried fecal material. Still used in Africa and India

Peat Compressed, dried plants from bogs Still used in Ireland, England, and Northe

rn Europe

Fossil Fuels

Definition Energy resources that formed from once living organisms.

Formed thousands or millions of years ago.

Been compressed and changed by the overlying sedimentary rock.

Energy comes from breaking the Carbon-Hydrogen bonds

Coal

Formation During the Carboniferous Era, large plants and ferns grew in humid regions.

These plants died and were covered by new generations.

Formation is an evolution of previous forms of coal.

Peat-lignite-bituminous-anthracite Each evolution yields a cleaner

burning coal.

Coal: Energy Efficiency

Peat

Lignite

Bituminous

Anthracite

Most smoke, most pollutants, lowest heat output

Less than 1% sulfur, cheaper, but has low energy output

US Reserves. Releases air pollutants. New plants reduce the amount of pollutants in the air.

Most efficient, clean burning coal. Less than 1% of US reserves are anthracite

Coal as Energy Source

Energy Use and modern US Power Plants

21% of all US energy comes from Coal (US Dept of Energy)

US Dept. of Energy has established an initiative to provide cleaner energy through new plants.

EPA issues fines to power plants for air pollutant emissions. (These fines may be passed on to the consumers as higher rates)

Petroleum and Oil

Origins Millions of years ago, animals

and plants that died were washed into the various seas.

Over time, sediment (sandstone) built up causing increased pressure and temperatures.

The organisms decomposed but were not exposed to oxygen.

Bacteria decomposed the material and their waste they produced is oil and gas.

Oil as Energy Source

Energy Use 30% of all US energy comes from Oil (US Dept of Energy)

Oil is distilled into may products. Heating Oil Gasoline Diesel Fuel Lubricants Cosmetics Plastics

Primary use is transportation and lubricants.

Crude Oil Reserves

Locations Saudi Arabia lead the way with known oil reserves, followed by Iraq, UAE, Kuwait, Iran, Mexico

US Reserves are in Alaska, Texas, Pennsylvania, Dakotas

Prudhoe Bay, Alaska 13.6 Billion barrels

ANWR, Alaska 10.4 billion barrels Dakotas 7.4 billion barrels West Texas 50 billion barrels

Natural Gas as Energy Source

Uses

Concerns

Heating and cooking in homes Alternative fuel source Power plants based on current Clean

Air enforcement 50% of households and increasing

Release of nitrogen and carbon oxides, but lower than coal.

Impacting Coal and Nuclear industries

Section Review L2.1

1. What is the primary source of energy on Earth?

2. How does coal form? 3. How does petroleum form? 4. What can you do to conserve the

petroleum reserves for future generations?

Alternative Energy Resources

Solar Energy

Passive Solar Energy The normal heating provided by the sun.

Trapped during the day, released at night

Active Solar Energy Solar panels where the heat is pumped to

heat a house

Solar Cooker Uses reflectors to heat and cook food

Photovoltaic Cells Uses devices to convert sunlight to electric

energy (solar calculator)

Alternative Energy Resources

Water Energy Falling water contains energy. Hydroelectric plants convert the

energy of the moving water into electric energy.

10% of US energy comes from hydroelectric power

The water trapped behind the dams (power plants) is used for recreation and water supply for people.

Alternative Energy: Geothermal

Origin

Problems

The energy originates deep in the earth. Water fills the cracks in the rock and gets

super heated. Hot springs Estimates geothermal energy holds 30 times

energy needed for US

Removing the heated water, means water must be replaced. Water Shortage

The use often changes the ecosystem around the geothermal site.

Alternative Energy: Wind

Windmills

Advantages

Problems

Windmills been used for over 2000 years to pump water

Wind farms in CA, ND, SD, TX

Zero emissions Land can still provide grazing

Dependant on wind Noisy, interfere with radio Start up costs

Alternative Energy: Nuclear

Splitting radioactive nuclei releases energy US began building plants in 1950’s as promised

alternative for cheap electricity After 60 years, only 424 nuclear reactors are in 25

countries and produce 17% energy. No Nuclear Power plant has been built in the US since

1978, despite public call for energy independence. Poor management, high costs, and public concerns

have the decline in nuclear power. Three Mile Island and Chernobyl Accidents

Alternative Energy: Biomass

Biomass

Biogas

Ethanol

Wood, dried field crops,. Fecal material all of which can be replaced.

Bagasse, a grass, provides 10% of Hawaii’s energy.

Biogas comes from bacteria that digest food and solid waste.

Fermented from corn and small grains to produce ethanol. It can be mixed with gas to make gasohol. It does cause a shortage in animal food (corn, cane)

Alternative Energy: Shale & Tar Sand

Shale

Tar sands

Fine grained rock containing waxy hydrocarbon. Heated to release the oil.

Current costs to refine now make it compatible with crude oil.

Tar sand is a mixture of clay, sand, water, and bitumen. Bitumen can be upgrade to crude oil.

Both oil shale and tar sand require large amounts of energy and can produce air and water pollution.

Section Review L2.2

Identify one alternative energy resource associated with each of the Earth’s systems: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.

Compare passive and active solar energy. What is gasohol? Although solar energy could supply all of the

world’s energy, why isn’t it used to do so? Provide insight to the removal of the energy

industry to make a cleaner, greener Earth.

Energy Efficiency

Overall Goal Combination of energy efficiency and renewable resources.

Use of resources that are the most productive. Most energy from given amount of a resource.

Improving Energy Efficiency

Methods to increase overall efficiency

Recycle old appliances and vehicles.

Older vehicles and appliances use more energy than newer models.

Adding insulation to older homes Installing solar panels to homes. Government may offer tax savings

to people who buy more efficient vehicles or appliances.

Tax credit for efficient windows, doors, insulation, hot water heaters

Conservation of Energy

When you brush your teeth do you turn off the water?

When you leave a room, do you turn off the light?

Do you turn up the heat instead of putting on a sweater or sweat shirt?

Do you have new CFL bulbs or incandescent?

Maximizing the Energy Resource

Cogeneration

Transportation

The production of 2 forms of energy from the same resource.

Central Florida Power has the cleanest coal-powered electric facility.

Use of hybrid cars Use of carpool lanes Natural gas bus systems Increase use of rail

Maximizing the Energy Resource

Industry

Home

Industry uses 1/3 of all energy Increasing the efficiency of machines Use of recycling materials Use of fluorescent lights (Mercury) Replacing major appliances Increasing insulation Weather strip for windows Insulate hot water lines Insulated windows and doors

Section Review L2.3

Why should you be concerned about energy efficiency?

Describe three ways you can conserve electricity in your home.

Discuss some of the trade-off’s in the use of CFL bulbs over incandescent bulbs.

Why is the US using more energy than other countries like Haiti or Somalia?