Energy Management: 2011/2012 - ULisboa · Energy Management: 2011/2012 Class# T03 Energy Markets...

Energy Management: 2011/2012

Class# T03

Energy Markets

Prof. Miguel Á[email protected]

Energy management

Class# T08: Energy Markets Slide 2 of 53

ELECTRICITY

Energy management


National electricity generation

TECHNOLOGY DISAGREGATION (2010)

Reservoirs 6.473 3.444 2.397 2.403

Run-ofriver 8.396 6.079 2.182 2.179

Pumping -512 -540

TOTAL 14.357 29% 8.983 21% 4.579 26% 4.582 33%

Wind 9.025 4.002 3.702 1.894

Cogeneration 7.312 5.435 1.696 1.362

Mini-Hydric 1.380 698 410 373

Photovoltaics 208 20 122 11

TOTAL 17.925 36% 10.155 24% 5.930 33% 3.640 26%

Coal 6.554 11.662 1.776 1.776

Natural gas CC 10.700 10.494 3.829 2.166

Other 46 1.268 1.821 1.877

TOTAL 17.300 35% 23.424 55% 7.426 41% 5.819 41%

TOTAL PRODUCTION 49.582 42.562 17.935 14.041

Import balance 2.623 7.488

TOTAL DEMAND 52.205 50.050

1,4% /y 8,5% /y

2007

TYPE

Demand increase: Power increase:

Hydric

Special

Thermal

2010 2007

ENERGIA (TWh) POWER (MW)

2010

Energy management



- Tap. Outeiro (1,0 GW – Natural gas)

- Lares (0,9 GW – Natural gas)

- Pego (0,6 GW – Coal)

- Pego (0,8 GW – Natural gas)

- Ribatejo (1,2 GW – Natural gas)

- Setúbal (0,9 GW – Fuel-oil)

- Sines (1,2 GW – Coal)

Source: REN (www.ren.pt)

THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN 2010

Energy management



WIND ENERGY IN 2010

Energy management


National electricity consumption

Production by technologies

Source: Informação mensal do sistema electroprodutor – Dez 2010, REN (www.ren.pt)

Energy management



Load diagram on theannual peak demand

Source: Dados Técnicos – 2010 – REN (www.ren.pt)

Tipical Summer profile

Tipical Fall profile

Energy management



CONSUMPTION PER LEVEL OF VOLTAGE (2010)

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PROCURA DE ENERGIA ELÉCTRICA EM 20102005 ERSE (www.erse.pt)

MATAT

MT

BTE

BTN

IP

Voltage level Consumption

(MWh/c)

MAT - Very high voltage > 110 kV 1.612 3% 56 28.786

AT - High voltage > 45 kV 6.092 13% 207 29.430

MT - Medium voltage > 1 kV 14.568 30% 22.946 635

BTE (>= 41,4 kW) 230 V; P >= 41,4 kW 3.749 8% 34.203 110

BTN (< 41,4 kW) 230 V; P < 41,4 kW 20.393 42% 6.123.895 3,3

Public lighting 230 V 1.590 3% 50.825 31

48.004 6.232.132

Hig

h

(> 1

kV

)

Low

(< 1

kV

)

Segment

TOTAL

46%

54%

Annual consumption

(GWh/year)

0,4%

99,6%

Number of

consumers

Energy management


Electricity market liberalization

Regulated market:Fix tariffs per segment

Liberalized market:Tariffs flexibilityConsumption profile forecast is important

Consumers move to the liberalized market by:- Better price- Better commercial support

Regulated market tends to disapear:- UK : several years without regulated tariff- Spain: regulated tariff vanish in 2010- Portugal: in 2012 only BTN remains with tariffs

Energy management



Electricity cost in the liberalized market

The Supplier contracts electricity to be provided in 2 days, and informs the grid operator (REN) on the amount and hourly profile of the electricity that will be injected in the national grid:

Injected = Forecasted consumption + Grid losses

After the consumption, REN, calculated the effective consumption of the Supplier clients and charge by the deviation.

Deviation = Consumption + Grid losses – Injection

Additionally, the Supplier must pay for the use of the grid.

The price components are:

Cost = Production + Grid losses + Grid use

Energy management



Electricity spot market

Source: OMEL (www.omel.es)

Energy management



Current importance of the liberalized market in Portugal

Fonte: Resumo informativo Mercado Liberalizado em Dez/08 – ERSE (www.erse.pt)

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Non residential

Nacional

Energy management


Regulated tariffs

Low voltage tariff structure

The bill has 2 components:

• Energy: The price depends on the Tariff type and Metering cycle

• Contrated power: Fix amount that depends of physical maximum power installed and Metering type

Contract options :

• Contracted power (in kVA)

• Tariff type: Simples, Bi-horária e Tri-horária

• Metring cycle (only for Bi-horária and Tri-horária): Daily cycle and weekly cycle

Energy management


Regulated tariffs

Fonte: ERSE (www.erse.pt)

PERIODS IN DAILY AND WEEKLY CYCLE

Energy management


Regulated tariffs

Source: ERSE (www.erse.pt) - 2011

Energy management


Regulated tariffs

EXAMPLE: An house with tariff “simples” and Contract power of 6,9 kVA presented a month

consumption of 200 kWh.

a) What will be the bill of that month ?

b) If the contract was in taridd “bi-horária”, what should be the % of the consumtion in off peak hours ?

Constant

10,44 + 200 x 0,1326 = 37 €

Bi-horária

10,44 + 200 x (0,1448 x (1-P)+ 0,0778 x P)

So Bi-horária < Constant if

P > 18%

In this case, 18% means 36 kWh at off-peak

hours, or a constant power of 120 W

Energy management


Tarifas reguladas

Structure of the regulated tariff for medium, high and very high voltage.

The bill has three components:

• Fixed term: often negligible

• Energy: The unit price depends on the Price Option and Cycle Counting

• Power::

• Contracted power: is the biggest Maximum Power of the last 12 months, where the Maximum

Power is the maximum power in periods of 15 minutes, in the all month.

• Power at peak hours: Peak hours consumption / Monthly peak hours considered by ERSE

Price Options: Curta, Média ou Longa utilização

Cycle counting: Daily cycle, week cycle and week cycle optional

Note 1: The prices vary each trimester

Nota 2: The counting has 5 periods: ponta, cheia, vazio normal e super vazio

Energy management


Tarifas reguladas

Fonte: ERSE (www.erse.pt) - 2011

Energy management


Regulated Tariffs

Contracted power

Contracted power: is the biggest Maximum Power of the last 12 months, where the Maximum Power is the

maximum power in periods of 15 minutes, in the all month.

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Energy management


FUELS

Energy management


National consumption per type of fuel

Source: DGEG (www.dgge.pt)

Energy management


Portuguese natural gas market

Grid

•49%: By pipeline, entering

at Campo Maior (from

Argelia).

•51%: By GNL, at Sines

(from Nigeria)(Jul/09 – Jun/10)

Energy management


Gasoduto


Energy management



Gas characteristics

Natural gas is almost Methane (CH4),

depending on it s origin

Energy management



Gas characteristics

HHV (High Heat Value) is

the main chemical

property of NG.

It s value, in Portugal,

depends of the location

(due to IGN) and time

along the year

Energy management



Natural gas interface

NGI is the interface between

NG from Sines and NG from

Argelia. It s location is

usually in the zone

Lisboa-Leiria

Fonte: Transgás

Energy management



Consumption profiles

Source: Dados técnicos - 2010, - REN (www.ren.pt)

Energy management


Portuguese natural gas marketGas proprieties

Source: Informação de Actualização Periódica - Jun/2010, - REN (www.ren.pt)

Energy management



Consumption (2005)

Combined cycles 2,3 40%

Direct clients 1,3 22%

Distributors 2,2 38%

TOTAL 5,9

NATIONAL CONSUMPTION

2011 (bcm - US bilion of cm)

DISTRIBUTION (bcm)

Distributor 2005

Lisboagás 0,21 0,54

Lusitaniagás 0,15 0,73

Portgás 0,18 0,58

Setgás 0,05 0,17

Others 0,07 0,21 10%

TOTAL 0,66 2,22

57%

33%

GALP

EDP

2011

Energy management



Cogeneration and industry consumption

0

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1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000C

on

sum

o e

m 2

00

9 (

Nm

3)

Energy management



Liberalization schedule

01/01/2006: Electricity producers (central stations);

01/01/2008: Clients with consumption > 1.000.000 Nm3 (~ 12 GWh/y);

01/01/2009: Clients with consumption > 10.000 Nm3 (~ 120.000 kWh/y);

01/01/2010: All clients.

Direct clients are consumers with annual consumption bigger than

2.000.000 Nm3 (~24 GWh/y)

Energy management



Regulated tariff structure of segments with consumption > 100.000 m3

The natural gas bill has 3 components :

• Fix term: Depends on level of pressure and consumption dimension

• Energy: The unitary price depends on level of pressure and consumption

dimension

• Capacidade utilizada: Is the maximum consumption per day (kWh/day) in last 12

months

Note 1: Energy prices can change each trimester

Note 2: The energy is measured in 2 periods (bi-horária): peak (working days) and off-

peak

Energy management



Regulated tariff (2011-2012)Clients with consumption > 2.000.000 m3/y

Clients with consumption > 10.000 m3/y

Energy management



EXAMPLE: Consider a factory supplied in ”Média Pressão” with month consumption of 300.000 m3

and option “Diária”, where 80% in peak hours and a maximum daily consumption of 20.000 m3. Considering

HHV=12 kWh/m3, calculate the natural gas bill.

Bill = 815,14 + 12 x 300.000x (0,8x0,032233 + 0,2x0,031673) +

12x20.000x0,042505

Bill = 815,14 + 115.636 + 10.201 = 126.652 €(0,035 €/kWh)

Bill = 1% + 91% + 8%

(for 2009-2010 tariffs the same example has a cost of 0,029 €/kWh, -17%)

Energy Management: 2011/2012 - ULisboa · Energy Management: 2011/2012 Class# T03 Energy Markets...

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Transcript of Energy Management: 2011/2012 - ULisboa · Energy Management: 2011/2012 Class# T03 Energy Markets...