Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our...

16
Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES

Transcript of Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our...

Page 1: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

EnergyIAFNR MODULE 4NATURAL RESOURCES

Page 2: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Fossil Fuels

• Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates

• Fossil Fuels are formed over time from compressed vegetation and include:• Coal

• Oil

• Natural Gas

• Tar Sands

• Oil Shale

Image retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/

Page 3: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Coal

• Black or Brown rock formed from the concentration of carbon matter

• Coal is classified by the amount of carbon it contains• Lignite- 25-35% carbon aka brown coal

• Subbituminous-35-45% carbon also considered to be brown coal

• Bituminous- aka soft coal 45-86% carbon

• Anthracite- aka hard coal 86-97% carbon, very rare

• 2013 world coal production- 7822.8 million tons

• Top two countries in Coal production- China and US

Image retrieved from: http://theenergycollective.com/ecsjessica/278901/epa-restrictions-can-encourage-clean-coal

Page 4: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Coal

Mining

• Two types of Coal Mines– Strip Mines

• 50 ft. under surface• Produce about 60% of US coal

– Underground Mines• Multiple methods of

underground mining and withdrawal of the coal

• Very hazardous work– Strict health and safety

measure to decrease death rate of miners

Uses

• Coal is said to generate over 40% of the world’s electricity

• Newest research in Coal industry involves finding new uses for coal

• Coal Gasification– Experimental process for

converting coal into fuel used as a raw product for chemicals and fertilizer

– Research shows promise of providing use for high sulfur graded coal

Page 5: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Oil• A vital part of US industry,

sometimes called “Black Gold”

• Formed by pressure and shifting of earth and squeezed into rock openings and layers

• Transported and sold by the barrel (42 Gallons)• 2011-2015 Oil prices ranged from

more than $100 a barrel to less than $48 per barrel. It currently averages at approximately $60.

• Oil can be distilled into various products• Fuels- diesel fuel, gasoline, jet fuel,

and kerosene

• Lubricants- greases, road oils, and medicine oil

• Petrochemicals- alcohol, ammonia, ink, and paint Image retrieved from: https://

www.mxtrade.com/posts/dailyfundamentalanalysis/2015/02/16/nymex-crude-oil-resumes-gains

Page 6: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Oil

Processing

• Petroleum Engineers use tools that measure sound waves, and gravitational and magnetic pull to find oil deposits

• Once Oil is found, company leases the land and drilling begins

• Oil is brought to the surface and pumped to trucks and taken to a refinery

Reserves

• Oil companies and geologists constantly review how much oil is left– Technology allows oil to be

recovered that wasn’t recoverable before

• World Petroleum Council defines two levels of reserves:– Proved Reserves- well-known

deposits located by geologists and engineers

– Unproved Reserves- located deposit, but limitations prevent it from being “proved”

Page 7: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Natural Gas

• One of the most in-demand fuels in the US

• Used to heat home, cook, produce plastics, detergents, and drugs

• Gas is normally located just above Oil deposits

• Most US gas is found in Texas and Louisiana

• Typically, gas is sold by volume in the US in units of 1,000 cubic feet

Image retrieved from: http://neftegaz.ru/en/analisis/tag/natural%20gas/

Page 8: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Alternative Energy Sources

• Fossil Fuels are non-renewable energy sources and as prices increase, Americans are searching for new energy sources to fulfil their energy needs

• We will briefly discuss the energy sources in the photo to the right!

Image retrieved from: http://www.arcticsun-llc.com/resources/renewable-101/

Page 9: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Solar Energy

• More abundant, less exhaustible and more pollution-free than any other energy source

• Solar energy system are divided in to two types• Active- capture, store, and

distribute energy from the sun

• Passive- provide ways for sun to enter but use natural airflow for distribution

• Newest research concerns converting sun rays (radiant energy) into electrical energy and the use of solar cells

Image retrieved from: http://wiseenergy.org/solar/

Page 10: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Nuclear Power• All matter is composed of atoms

which is made up of a nucleus of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons and traveling around outside the nucleus are negatively charged electrons

• When interactions occur between rays and compounds the atom splits—this is called fission• During the fission process heat is given off—

this is very important to nuclear power

• Once a fission process starts it can continue on its own and is called a chain reaction

• How it works?• The reactor within the power plant fissions

a mixture of uranium slowly, producing heat and energy

• 1 lb of uranium can produce 12 million KW hours of power!

• Concerns of Safety and radioactive waste disposal

Image retrieved from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/terry-tamminen/nuclear-power-is-so-20th-century_b_3423988.html

Page 11: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Geothermal

• Involves tapping into underground heat sources• Steam is piped through the ground to

electric generators

• Disadvantages• Energy is not uniformly located around the

country

• Minerals in the steam are hard on machinery

• Where it is available, it is cheap and clean and can even be used domestically to heat your home!

Page 13: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Energy from Biomass

• Biomass in terms of energy• Agricultural, municipal,

industrial wastes

• Plants grown for energy use- corn and other grains

• Biomass sources• Ethanol from grains

• Methane from biowaste-with use of a digester

• Energy crops in addition to corn-raw sugar, trees, and oil crops

• Cellulosic Ethanol

Image retrieved from: http://stlenergy.org/?m=201207

Page 14: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Hydropower

• Hydropower is water power!

• Power produced from moving water• Example: Hoover Dam

• Water is released through opening and energy is used to drive turbines connected to electrical generators

• Development opposed in some areas• Waters become backed up and

it effects surrounding wilderness areas

Image retrieved from: http://app.emaze.com/@AORRQLIQ/#1

Page 15: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

Wind Energy

• Wind power has been a source for many years

• Now experimenting with new and more efficient windmills

• Limitations• Wind speeds vary

• Special building codes for towers and possible interference with air traffic

• Need for storage mechanism

Image retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler_Ridge_Wind_Farm

Page 16: Energy IAFNR MODULE 4 NATURAL RESOURCES. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels play a large role in how our country operates Fossil Fuels are formed over time from.

References

• Camp, W., & Heath-Camp, B. (2009) Managing our Natural Resources. New York: Delmar.