Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.com

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting under air flow excitation

Francesco Petrini*, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco [email protected] , [email protected]

--*Research Associate, School of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza Università di RomaVia Eudossiana 18 - 00184 Rome (ITALY)tel. +39-06-44585072

StroNGER S.r.l., Co-founder and DirectorVia Giacomo Peroni 442-444, Tecnopolo Tiburtino, 00131 Rome (ITALY)--

Genova 24 June 2014

What is StroNGER

Francesco Petrini. [email protected]

A spin-off research Company

Founded in November 2012

Operating in the civil and environmental engineering industry

From Novem

ber 2012

The research group of structural analysis and design at Sapienza Univ.

StroNGER – who we are

Franco Bontempi, PhDStroNGER srl, Scientific Advisor

Prof. of Structural Analysis and DesignSapienza University of Rome

Expertise:- Fire Safety Engineering

- Forensic Engineering

Expertise:- Structural Safety- Structural Identification

Expertise:- Wind Engineering- Performance Based Design

Chiara Crosti, PhDStroNGER srl, CEO

Francesco Petrini, PhDStroNGER srl, Vice Director

Stefania Arangio, PhDStroNGER srl, Director

Konstantinos Gkoumas, PhDStroNGER srl, Partner

Expertise:- Energy Harvesting- Dependability

Francesco Petrini. Co-founder and [email protected] 5

Academic research Industry research R&D

University courses Professional courses

Big group Small group

Design consultant activityResearch experience in structural analysis

CONVERSION: StroNG points

StroNGER S.r.l.

a Spin-off Company (Small Medium Enterprise) that operates in the Civil Engineering industry.

High-profile tools and methodologies that lead to structures that fulfill required

performances under a resilience and sustainability point of view.

StroNGER expertise: • Design and rehabilitation of Civil structures and infrastructures with regard to wind,

earthquakes, waves, landslides, fire and explosions. • Disaster resilience assessment. • Advanced numerical modeling of Civil structures and infrastructures. • Forensic engineering.• Sustainability and Energy Harvesting in Civil structures and infrastructures. StroNGER has been recently awarded by the European Space Agency with the space technology transfer permanent awardStroNGER S.r.l. was founded in 2012 by researchers from the academic world working in the civil engineering field, each one having more than 10 years of experience in the field

www.stronger2012.com [email protected]: +39 0644585070

Structures of the Next Generation – Energy harvesting and Resilience

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Introduction


Research motivation

• Sustainability nowadays is a key issue for structures and infrastructures

• Over the last few years, many promising applications of Energy Harvesting (EH) have appeared, not only in academy but also in the design practice

• In the civil engineering field, the energy obtained by EH devices can be used in different applications (e.g. alimentation of monitoring sensors) focusing at the energy sustainability

Francesco Petrini. Co-founder and [email protected]

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Energy Harvesting (EH) can be defined as the sum of all those processes thatallow to capture the freely available energy in the environment and convert itin (electric) energy that can be used or stored.

Harvesting ConversionUse

Storage

Energy harvesting - Overview

Francesco Petrini. Co-founder and [email protected]

ResourcesSun

WaterWind

Temperature differentialMechanical vibrations

Acoustic wavesMagnetic fields

…

Extraction systemsMagnetic Induction

ElectrostaticPiezoelectricPhotovoltaic

Thermal EnergyRadiofrequencyRadiant Energy

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Piezo Energy Harvesters drawback

12

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Applications for the energy sustainabilityEH in buildings – a premise

13

• EH devices are used for powering remote monitoring sensors (e.g. temperature sensors, airquality sensors), also those placed inside heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts.

• These sensors are very important for the minimization of energy consumption in largebuildings

Image courtesy of enocean-alliance®

http://www.enocean-alliance.org


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The EH device:

PiezoTSensor



a. Steel plate (support)

b. Sensor transmitter module

c. Piezoelectric bender

d. Fin

e. Temperature probe

f. Tip mass

Proposal of space technology transfer for the design, testing, production andcommercialization of a self-powered piezoelectric temperature and humidity sensor(PiezoTSensor), for the optimum energy management in building HVAC (Heating,Ventilation and Air Condition) systems.

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4 PiezoTSensor ©

HVAC upper wall

HVAC lower wall HVAC lower wall


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4 Advantages from the vortex shedding effect

A body, immersed in a current flow,produces a wake made of vorticesthat periodically detachalternatively from the body itselfwith a frequency ns.

�� ∙ sin 2 ∙ ��

�� ∙ �

�

�� ,� ∙ ��

��.� � � � � ∙ 2 ∙ ∙ ��,� ∙ ��,� � ∙ ��,� ∙ ��,�

��,� � ��

� � ��

� � 2 � 5�/

AVOID THE DRAWNBACK: By setting the aerodynamic fin to undergo in VS regime we can obtain the maximum efficiency in terms of energy extraction

CNR-DT 207/2008


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4 PiezoTSensor – development plan

Numerical model

Analytical model

Experimental test

FEM structural modelCFD flow model

Field tests

Commercialization

©

IPR Patent

FEM analysis



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4 PiezoTSensor – parametric analysis

LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATEDensity ρ 7800 kg/m3

Young Modulus E 6.6 x103 N/m2

Poisson ratio υ 0.2Relative dielectric constant

kT3

1800

Permittivity ε 1.602 x10-8 F/mPiezoelectric constant d31 -190 x10-12 m/V (C/N)

ELEMENTS DIMENSIONS VALUES (m)

BENDER

l 0.06÷0.2 mb 0.001÷0.08 md 0.02÷0.05 ma 0.01

PIEZOELECTRIC PATCH

l1 0.0286b1 0.0017d1 0.0127

ADDED MASSl2 variableb2 0.01d2 d

MATERIAL E (N/m2) ρ (kg/m3)Aluminium 6.4 ∙ 10�� 2700

Lead 4 ∙ 10�� 7400

©

In collaboration with Sara Ferri


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Design of a bender made of a certain material with a piezoelectric patch, which can experiment the resonance (lock-in) with the

external force deriving from the Vortex Shedding phenomenon.

The lock-in conditions produce the highest level of power.

��,�, ��, ��,�, ��, ��Dimensions

MaterialsConfigurations

∆�,�∆�, �Dimensions

Added massDesign points

©



PiezoTSensor

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15ΔV2

(V)

t (s) (x10-3)

ΔV2 (Length)

l=0.15l=0.16l=0.17l=0.18l=0.19l=0.20

Voltage output for different bender lengthsIn

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014

©



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02468

1012

0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

Critic

al Ve

locity

(m/s)

d (m)

Critical Velocity (Width)

The Critical Velocity increases with the thickness and the width, it

decreases with the length.

0

5

10

15

20

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008

Critic

al Ve

locity

(m/s)

b (m)

Critical Velocity (Thickness)

0102030405060

0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2Critic

al Ve

locity

(m/s)

l (m)

Critical Velocity (Length)

©

Velocity range in HVACs � � 2 � 5�/In collaboration with Sara Ferri


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4 PiezoTSensor – mass analysis (material)

High frequencies

High critical velocities

b=0.003b=0.004

b=0.005b=0.006

050

100150200250

l=0.15 l=0.16 l=0.17 l=0.18 l=0.19 l=0.20

Frequ

ency

(Hz)

Frequency (Aluminium)

200-250150-200100-15050-1000-50

b=0.003b=0.004

b=0.005b=0.006

0

5

10

15

l=0.15 l=0.16 l=0.17 l=0.18 l=0.19 l=0.20

Critic

al Ve

locity

(m/s)

Critical Velocity (Aluminium)10-15

5-10

0-5

©

Velocity range in HVACs � � 2 � 5�/In collaboration with Sara Ferri


PiezoTSensor – tip mass analysis

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.06

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Mass

Legn

th (m

)

Critical Velocity (m/s)

Mass length (Vcr)

00.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.08

0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2

Mass

length

(m)

l (m)

Mass Length (Bender Length)

00.020.040.060.080.1

0.120.14

0.003 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.005 0.0055 0.006

Mass

length

(m)

b (m)

Mass Length (Bender Thickness) �� ̅��

�� ̅�� ∙ ��

∆� � ��

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PiezoTSensor – power production In

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0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2

Powe

r (µW)

l (m)

Power (Length)

P1-PEAKP1-RMSP2-PEAKP2-RMS

010203040506070

0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006

Powe

r (μW)

b (m)

Power (Thickness)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2 3 4 5

Powe

r (µW)

Critical Velocity (m/s)

Power (vcr)

PEAKRMS

FICTITIOUS MATERIALYoung Modulus E 3.45 x1010 N/m2

Density ρ 7000 kg/m3

� � ∆�

� R� 1000Ω

©


02468

1012141618

0.0095 0.014 0.0185 0.023 0.0275 0.032 0.0365 0.041 0.0455 0.05

ΔV (V

)

l2 (m)

ΔV

ΔV1-peakΔV1-RMSΔV2-peakΔV2-RMS

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.0095 0.014 0.0185 0.023 0.0275 0.032 0.0365 0.041 0.0455 0.05

Powe

r (µW)

lnec (m)

Power


VOLTAGE (V)

POWER (µW)

PEAK 15.4 237.2RMS 11.23 126.25

Dimensions ValuesLength l 0.17 m

Thickness b 0.005 mWidth d 0.03 m

Added mass (kg) 0.017÷0.189


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4 Summary


Applications for the energy sustainabilityEnergy Harvesting for monitoring HVACs operating conditions

Currently:• Power is provided by batteries or EH devices based on thermal or RF methods• Sensors work intermittently (to consume less power ~ 100µW)An EH sensor based on piezoelectric material has several advantages being capable to provide upto 10-15 times more power than currently used devices leading to additional applications orlonger operation time.

Image courtesy of enocean-alliance®

http://www.enocean-alliance.org

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4 Conclusion – Advantages VS competitors

• PiezoTSensor harvests a higheramount of energy from air flow, andthus has a higher autonomy, somethingthat can lead to a higher sampling rate.

• PiezoTSensor generates energy froman intrinsic characteristic of HVACsystems (the air flow inside the ducts).

• Competitors

• EnOceanTM ECT 310 Perpetuum

• POWERCASTTM P1110 Powerharvester Receiver

• Distech ControlsTM SR65 AKF - Duct Temperature

Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.com

Engineering

Transcript of Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.com