ENERGY FLOW: Where does the Energy Go? (fig 34.2, 34.3)
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Transcript of ENERGY FLOW: Where does the Energy Go? (fig 34.2, 34.3)
ENERGY FLOW:
Where does the Energy Go?
(fig 34.2, 34.3)
Laws of Thermodynamics…
1. Energy is neither created or destroyed, only transferred
2. With every transfer, some energy is lost to HEAT (or other less available form of energy)
A little vocab…
Autotroph- an organism that can make its own foodAlso called PRODUCERS
Heterotroph- an organism that cannot make its own food and must obtain it from eating
BIOTIC COMPONENTS of an ECOSYSTEM
PRODUCERS
(produce food)
Chemoautotrophs- bacteria that use inorganic chemicals like ammonia, nitrites, sulfides to make food)
Photoautotrophs-use energy from the sun…produce most of the organic nutrients for the biosphere
CONSUMERS(consume food)
Need a preformed souce of organic nutrients
Consumers can be :Primary/Secondary/
Tertiary(See next)
DECOMPOSERS(Break down dead organic matter)VALUABLE- release inorganic
nutrients for plants to take up
Ex- nonphotosynthetic bacteria, fungi
DETRITUS= partially decomposed matter in the water or
soil
What does each arrow represent?
Kinds of Consumers
All consumers are heterotrophs
Examples-ScavengersPrimary/1st levelSecondary/ 2nd levelTertiary/ 3rd level
Kinds of consumers continued…
Herbivore : Feed on grass and other plantsPrimary Consumers
Carnivore : Eat animalsCarnivores that eat Herbivores
Secondary ConsumersCarnivores that eat other carnivores
Tertiary ConsumersOmnivore : Eat both plants and animals.
FOOD CHAINS…
Food Chains show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
A weakness in the chain…
Food chains can only have up to about 5 links … Why?
because the animals at the end of the chain would not get enough nutrients and energy.
So…most animals are part of more than one food chain in order to meet their requirements…
This creates…
FOOD WEBS
Interconnected food chains. They express all the possible feeding
relationships at each trophic level in a community.
IMPORTANT POINT:Arrows are drawn from food source to
consumers (substitute “eaten by” for arrows)
All food is NOT created equal…
TROPHIC LEVELS: All the organisms that feed at a particular link in a food chain
10% rule: In general only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is available to the next!!!
Biomass Pyramid
The total amount of living material present in each trophic level (a feeding step in a food chain).
NOTE: are there more autotrophs or heterotrophs?
WHY?
Pyramid of Numbers
Each bar in the pyramid represents the size of the populatoin at that trophic
level
Pyramids of Energy
Each bar in the pyramid represents the energy available within that trophic level
Which of the following organisms are producers?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
11% 11%
100%
5%
95%
5%5%
0%
5%5%
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9
10. 0
Which of the following organisms are consumers?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
94%
89%
0%
94%
6%
89%
83%
94%94%
89%
1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 910. 0
Which of these are primary consumers?
0%
83%
44%
11%
22%
11%
78%
0%
56%
11% 1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 910. 0
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
0