Energy Flow in an Ecosystem - Science...
Transcript of Energy Flow in an Ecosystem - Science...
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Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
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Energy Flow
• Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun
• Energy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumers – Producers (make food) – Consumers (use food by eating producers or other consumers)
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Producers
• Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth.
• Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun
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Autotrophs • An Autotroph is any organism that can produce its own food supply!
• Autotrophs are also called Producers
• Plants, algae, some protists, & some bacteria are examples
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Niche of a Producer • Captures energy and transforms it into organic, stored energy for the use of living organisms.
• May be photoautotrophs using light energy (e.g. plants)
• May be chemoautotrophs using chemical energy (e.g. cyanobacteria)
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Photoautotroph Producer That Captures Energy from the sun by: – Photosynthesis
• Adds Oxygen to the atmosphere • Removes Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere
Algae copyright cmassengale
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• On Land – Plants
• In The Sea – Algae
• Tidal Flats & Salt Marshes – Cyanobacteria
Habitat of Photoautotrophs
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Chemoautotrophs • Capture energy from the bonds of inorganic molecules such as Hydrogen Sulfide
• Process is called Chemosynthesis
• Often occurs in deep sea vents or gut of animals Called a Black
smoker (thermal vent) copyright cmassengale
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Tube Worms living in Black Smoker
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Consumers Heterotrophs eat other
organisms to obtain energy. (e.g. animals)
• Herbivores – Eat Only Plants
• Carnivores – Eat Only Other Animals
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Consumers Heterotrophs eat other organisms
to obtain energy. • Omnivores (Humans)
– Eat Plants & Animals • Detritivores (Scavengers)
– Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains (buzzards)
• Decomposers – Fungi & Bacteria
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Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
from producers to various levels of consumers
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Feeding Relationships
• Food Chain – Simple Energy path through an ecosystem
• Food Web – More realistic path through an ecosystem made of many food chains
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Food Chain
Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food)
1st order Consumer
2nd Order Consumer
3rd Order consumer
4th Order Consumer
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Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers in this food
chain:
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Food Web
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Trophic Levels Each Level In A Food Chain or Food
Web is a Trophic Level. • Producers – Always The First Trophic Level – How Energy Enters The System
• Herbivores – Second Trophic Level
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Trophic Levels • Carnivores/Omnivores – Make Up The Remaining Trophic Levels
Each level depends on the one below it for energy.
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Ecological Pyramids Graphic Representations Of The Relative Amounts of Energy or Matter At Each Trophic Level
May be: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers
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Energy Pyramid
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Biomass Pyramid
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Pyramid of Numbers
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