Energy Efficient Buildings Codes
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Transcript of Energy Efficient Buildings Codes
Energy efficient Buildings codes
UK Standard of Buildings fabrics
Dr Sultan Sanat Alotaibi
Outlines
• Energy efficient buildings
• Buildings Energy Efficiency Standards –UK
• Standards of Buildings Fabrics • Building Regulations.
• Code of Sustainable Homes
• Passivhaus
• Summary
• World concerns about energy demand
and carbon emission
• 32% of final total energy is consumed by
residential and commercial buildings,
and 25% of total energy- related CO2.
• Residential space heating accounts for
roughly 25% of all energy consumption
in the building sector
25%
11%
5% 3% 10%
10%
10%
5%
7%
14%
Global Energy Consumption in Buildings Sector
residentional space heating
residentioanl water heating
residentional cooling and ventilation
residentional lighting
residentional cooking
residentional appliances and other
services space heating
services water heating
services cooling and ventilation
services lighting and other
introduction
Energy efficient buildings
• An energy efficient building is a structure that successfully
incorporates into its design the environmentally responsible and
energy preserving elements.
• Energy efficient buildings usually have relatively high level of
performance when it comes to the areas of environment, the
economy, and the engineering concepts (Chlela, Husaunndee et al.
2009, Samer 2013).
Energy efficient Buildings elements
• There is no widely accepted, all-encompassing list of elements that
comprise a typical energy efficient building. However, there are a
number of common elements that are considered by the majority of
scholars
Energy efficient Buildings elements
• One classification is provided in below figure and includes six major
elements: building design, high efficient fabrics, ventilation system eco
equipment, renewable energy and air tightness.
Buildings Energy Efficiency Standards -UK
• In recent years, many developed countries have introduced
programmes directed at decreasing energy consumption and
improving carbon performance of buildings.
• In the UK which is our case study in this presentation, energy efficiency
standards for buildings were first introduced by the 1965 Building
Regulations.
Buildings regulations-UK
• The Regulations established the maximum amount of energy loss
available for new house fabrics.
• The first standard was based on U-value measurement and was set
equivalent to 1.33 W/m2K or lower.
• Several revisions of the standards have been applied, mostly directed
at reducing the required U-value.
Buildings regulations-UK
• The most aggressive changes towards tightening of the energy
efficiency requirements came in 2006.
• they were mostly related to the new energy policy aiming at
substantial reductions in energy use and emissions in buildings: by
60% before 2050 and by 80% before 2100
Buildings regulations-UK
Building
Element
Standard U-Values
in 1965 (W/m2K)
Standard U-Values
in 1995 (W/m2K)
Standard U-Values
in 2006 (W/m2K)
Standard U-Values
in 2014* (W/m2K)
Wall 1.7 0.45 0.35 0.3
Roof 1.4 0.25 0.25 0.2
Floor - 0.45 0.25 0.25
Window - 3.3 2.0 2.0
Code of Sustainable Homes (CSH)
• Besides the compulsory prescriptions by the Building Regulations,
several voluntary standards for buildings are applied in the UK. The
Code for Sustainable Homes 2006 is the primary recommending
framework for environmental and energy sustainability of buildings.
Code of Sustainable Homes (CSH)
• The Code includes nine areas where corresponding practices can be carried out:
• Energy and CO2: the required operating energy and the level of emissions;
• Water: saving measures for both internal and external water sources;
• Surface water run-off: management of possible water runoffs and flood risks;
• Materials: the presence of eco-friendly and sustainable materials in home
construction;
• Waste: recyclable waste storage;
Code of Sustainable Homes (CSH)
• Pollution: the contribution of heating or cooling systems and insulation materials
to global warming;
• Ecology: effect on ecologic conditions of the area where building is constructed;
• Health: contribution to wellbeing of the tenants, including provision of good
quality daylight, audio insulation, sufficient private space, ease of accessibility
and adaptability;
• Management: security and maintenance of the building to avoid possible risks.
• In general, both prescriptive and voluntary standards for buildings in the UK
dictate the development of higher standards for thermal insulation and,
consequently, search for novel ways to reduce energy consumption in
buildings.
• Notably, while the CSH was initially developed as a non-mandatory set of
rules, its certain provisions are finding way into the obligatory legislation.
• Figure below shows how certain provisions for energy efficiency and CO2
emissions in the Code are becoming mandatory over time.
As the Figure demonstrates, the government’s goal is to implement Level 6 as a mandatory
practice for all new buildings in 2016. This compulsory heat loss parameter standard is
quite high, which places a lot of burden and expectation demands on the building
envelope in the form of insulation as well as glazing and shading.
Level 3
Example of buildings applying Level6 of CSH
Passivhaus
• The Code for Sustainable Homes is closely related to another informal initiative
for energy savings in buildings, which is known as PassivHaus.
• PassivHaus is a set of prescriptive non-mandatory regulations for buildings in
terms of emissions and energy consumption.
• The concept was proposed by a Swedish-German duo of scientists Bo Adamson
and Wolfgang Heist with the first projects emerging in the 1990s.
Passivhaus
• A typical PassivHaus project considers such factors as passive solar design
and landscape, super-insulation, advanced window technology, airtightness,
state-of-the-art ventilation systems, novel space heating and lighting and
electrical appliances.
• buildings constructed under PassivHaus standards are estimated at 8-10%
more expensive than regular homes, although these costs are easily covered
in the long term due to energy savings.
• Thermogramme of a PassiveHaus building in comparison to a regular
buildings to show the differences in heat losses. In the UK,
Passivhaus
CSH VS Passivhaus Building element CSH level 1/2 CSH level 3 CSH level4 CSH level 5/6 Passivhaus
External wall, U-value (W/m2K) 0.3 0.26 0.2 0.1 ≤0.15
Floor, U-value (W/m2K) 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.1 ≤0.15
Roof, U-value (W/m2K) 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.1 ≤0.15
Windows, glazed doors, U-value
(W/m2K)
2 1.6 1.2 0.8 ≤0.8
Air permeability at test pressure
difference at 50Pa, m3/(m2h)
3 1 ≤0.6
Summary • This presentation mentioned to the low energy buildings and energy efficiency
standards in UK. Building envelope (fabrics) plays an important role to control
indoor environments, which will reduce the energy consumption and improve the
level of comfort for its users.
• Improving performance buildings fabrics is the first step to meet the regulations
and standards of efficient buildings.
• Reducing the heat loss through fabrics by using high performance of insulation
materials will have a direct effect on energy usage in a building. 35 % of heat
escapes through walls.
Thank you