© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Presenter: Ed Spears

Energy efficiency within data centersIs your IT organization capitalizing on the latest technology options and best practices?

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Typical Dual Bus Data Center

“A” Bus

“B” Bus Generators and Paralleling Switchgear

Medium Voltage Substations and Switchgear

Low Voltage Switchgear, Transformers, and Switchboards, Panelboards DC Power Systems

Central UPS, Static Switches,Static Auto-Tie

Modular UPS, IT Racks, PDU, RPP, Monitoring

Monitoring

Wiring Closets

Roll-up Generator

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Typical data center power use

~40% in Power Delivery- Needs to be cooled

Source: Intel

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Normalized $1M Server Spend Annual Electrical Consu mption

$-

$250

$500

$750

$1,000

2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

Year

$kEnergy costs are overwhelming server costs

• How did we get here?

• Exponential gains in server computing performance have not been matched by gains in server efficiency.

• The result – the primary driver of data center expense has shifted from the cost of the servers to operational expenditures

2009

$1M worth of servers will consume almost $400k worth of electricity per year.

Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007, Eaton

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UPS inefficiencies are a significant contributor to energy costs

• Example – 2009

• $1M buys approximately 50 5kW racks

• Cost of UPS electrical losses per year – $28k

Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

Cost of UPS Electrical Losses(assumes constant $1M server spend)

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30

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60

2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

Ele

ctric

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$k)

2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

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Can a different voltage in the data center improve efficiency?

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Baseline : Current state-of-the-art 480 V AC system

End-to-end efficiency = 77%Number of converter stages = 5 Number of isolation transformers = 2

Advantages•Inexpensive to procure•Installation and safety procedures are well documen ted•Easy to scale for growth

Disadvantages•Relatively large footprint•Paralleling adds complexity•480V must be “stepped down” to 208/120V for use with IT loads

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Model-A: 600V UPS and facility input distribution

End-to-end efficiency = 77%Number of converter stages = 5 Number of isolation transformers = 3

Advantages•More M VA(3.7 vs 3) available through 4000A switchgear; saves floor space in the largest UPS installations•No changes to IT equipment needed•Some savings in copper wiring costs

Disadvantages•UPS requires input and output transformer, size, weight, and efficiency are a challenge.•Minor changes to National Electrical Code for 600V in the data center

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Our Recommendation

• 400/230 V scheme:

• No change to existing UPS designs• No change to existing IT equipment, since these devices are rated up to

250 V AC• Elimination of downstream distribution transformers• Increased end-to-end efficiency over traditional 480V systems by as

much as 5%• No new safety standards or installation guidelines needed. Current

electrician training and arc flash standards apply

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California Public Energy Commission

• Demonstration Site 380 V DC - Conclusions and recommendations

• Servers: 48 V DC exists today and 380 V DC servers could be built and operated from existing components

• A 5-7% efficiency gain was obtained over “best-in-class”AC UPS, not including HVAC loads

• A 28% improvement is possible over today’s average data center with 85% UPS and 73% efficient power supplies, plus a potential 28% saving in HVAC loads

• The magnitude of the DC efficiency gain is highly dependent on the AC reference system and the AC/DC system

• Raising awareness of the AC-UPS system efficiency will have a benefit even if the DC solution is not embraced

Source: January, 2007, DC Power for Improved Data Center Efficiency, EPRI, Ecos Consulting, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory

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Eaton innovation center study

Scope

• Comparison of end-to-end efficiency of six different power topologies for the data center

• Comparison of the availability of power for the server equipment and MTBF of the power system

Model Description

• Model-Baseline: Current State-of-the-art 480 V AC System

• Model-A: 600 V AC Distribution System• Model-B: 277 V AC Directly to IT Racks

• Model-C: 400 V AC High Efficiency Distribution System

• Model-D: Today’s state-of-the-art -48 V DC System• Model-E: 380 V DC High Efficiency, High voltage DC

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Loss comparisons vs. load

• Dual corded UPS is typically loaded 25-45% (shaded area)

• 5-point potential efficiency gain with ESS 400 V AC high-efficiency AC UPS or DC

• Best choice for client is 400 V AC in ESS, aka ‘Ene rgy Saver System, while exploring alternatives for the next technology cycle

ESS

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Summary of study results

• Inefficient cooling remains the largest problem in the Data Center

• DC in the Data Center could “potentially” improve ef ficiency 5-10 % points, but hybrid/HE systems are not available tod ay

• “High Efficiency” AC solutions, such as 415/240V are on par with DC, and ARE available today

• DC potentially provides higher availability due to the simplicity of paralleling DC sources

• Very little reliability data exists for DC higher t han 48V

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Can a different efficiency in the UPS improve data center efficiency?

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Energy Saver System

� Efficient – 99% efficiency across entire operating range

� Intelligent – Detects incoming power quality and engages modules as needed

� Reliable – Proven double conversion topology ensures continuous load availability

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Energy Saver System engages modules according to quality of input power

Superior patented detection and transition technolo gy

Input Power Quality Active Modules

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400/230 V AC vs. baseline 480V system

• 400/230 V AC compared with the Baseline System

• Boosts system efficiency by 2% (server efficiency i mprovement)

• Saves cost of transformer-based PDUs

• Adds some wiring cost (neutral wire)

ESS

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Energy saver system saves even more at lower loadings

• ESS Efficiency - 99% across the complete operating r ange

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Energy Saver System– the bottom line

• The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the UPS cost over a 3 - 5 year period

• At 250kW of critical load, the savings is equivalen t to $4000 per year per point of efficiency gain.

• Backing up your 250kW load with an ESS UPS is equiv alent to pulling 29 cars off the road.

Critical Load 250 kWElectric Costs (energy + demand) per kW hr $0.11

Legacy UPS efficiency 93%

Eaton ESS UPS efficiency 99%

Annual energy savings 223 MW hr

Annual CO 2 savings 160 metric tons

Cars off the road 29 cars

Annual electric cost savings $24,572

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Summary – Energy Saver System

• Energy costs are overwhelming equipment costs in data centers.

• UPS electrical losses account for 5-10% of the overall electrical expenditure.*

• Eaton’s Energy Saver System drives these losses down to nearly zero.

• The energy savings recovers the cost of the UPS in less than 5 years.

* Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

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Eaton’s 400V high efficiency solution set

3 Phase UPS with Energy Saver System

Available now in 400V ratings

Rack Mount Plug-n-Play 400V Distribution

400V RPP

No Transformer

Required

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Summary• Today’s power systems will change… the current waste of energy in

the datacenter is not acceptable

• 48 V DC infrastructure is not feasible for large sc ale data center due to installation cost—high voltage DC is a future solut ion

• 600V topologies provide significant benefits only f or wiring cost reduction in largest systems

• 400V systems eliminate the transformer-based PDU pr oviding today’s best available procurement cost, installation cost, and footprint savings, and improve system efficiency

• Energy Saver System adds 4% to the efficiency impro vement gained by operating servers at the higher voltage (240 vs 208 V AC)

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Some Real World Examples……

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300 KVA comparison

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300 KVA data center savings comparison

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1 MVA Comparison

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1 MVA data center savings comparison

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2 MVA comparison

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2 MVA data center savings comparison

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5 MVA comparison

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5 MVA data center savings comparison

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6 MVA comparison

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6 MVA data center savings comparison

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8 MVA comparison

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8 MVA data center savings comparison

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10 MVA comparison

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10 MVA data center savings comparison

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Eaton’s corporate datacenter--Cleveland

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Analysis 400/230V vs. 480 V UPS output at 1 & 2 MW

5-Yr TCO savings

$275,073

10-Yr TCO savings

$780,906

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