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Transcript of Energy Efficiency in Italy Rino Romani -Walter Cariani ENEA [email protected]...
Energy Efficiency in Italy
Rino Romani -Walter [email protected] [email protected]
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
The “White Certificates” scheme
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
2
Contents Energy consumption
Legislation on energy efficiency previous present
EE decrees April 2001- July 2004- December 2007 M&V Main results
NEEAP (National Energy Efficiency Action Plan)
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
3
Italian energy consumption, energy and electricity intensity
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
4
Italian energy consumption in end-uses
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
5
Italian legislation framework Law 30 April 1973, n. 373 Law 28 May 1982, n. 308, Law 9 January 1991, n. 10 Lgs Decree 16 March 1999, n. 79, Lgs Decree 23 May 2000, n. 164, Lgs decrees (energy efficiency) April 2001- July 2004 -
December 2007 Lgs Decree 19 August 2005 n. 192 Budgetary law 2007 “energy package”
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
6
Energy efficiency decrees Issued for the first time in April 2001. Innovative strategy that combines a command and control
approach with a market based instrument Distribution System Operators (DSO), with more than
100.000 customers, are required to achieve quantitative targets of energy efficiency improvements in end-uses
The way to achieve these objectives is left to DSO’s free enterprise and market forces (energy efficiency titles or white certificates). ESCOs are part of the scheme as well.
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
7
Energy efficiency decrees
On July 2004 an amended version of the two decrees was issued with the following main changes: Modifications in the distribution of annual quantitative
targets; Extension of the implementation period (from 2005 to
2009) Introduction of a flexible mechanism in the deadline for
achieving the annual savings
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
8
Energy efficiency decrees On December 2007 a further amended version of the two decrees was
issued with the following main changes: Increase of the annual quantitative targets; Obligation for DSO with more than 50.000 customers; Extension of the implementation period (from 2009 to 2012) Companies with an appointed energy manager are authorised to
operate in the scheme
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
9
Energy efficiency decrees
Annual Targets (Mtoe)
electricity gas
year annual cumulative annual cumulative
2005 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
2006 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2
2007 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,4
2008 0,8 1,2 0,6 1,0
2009 0,6 1,8 0,4 1,4
2010 0,7 2,4 0,6 1,9
2011 0,8 3,1 0,4 2,2
2012 0,6 3,5 0,5 2,5
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
cumulative savings
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Mte
p
savings 8thyears
savings 7thyears
savings 6thyears
savings 5thyears
savings 4thyears
savings 3rdyears
savings 2ndyears
savings 1styears
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
10
Energy efficiency decrees
Energy saving targets can be achieved through projects/activities implemented by
DSO, directly or via controlled companies Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) Companies who have appointed Energy Managers
Eligible projects All energy efficiency projects
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
11
Energy Efficiency Titles (TEE) or White Certificates (WhCs)
1 WhC for 1 toe of saved primary energy Type 1: certificates savings of electricity Type 2: certificates savings of natural gas Type 3: certificates savings of other fuels
WhCs are issued by the Electricity Market Operator (GME) once it has been certified that a defined amount of energy saving will be attained by project implementation
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
12
Sanctions
proportional and in any case greater than the investment needed to compensate the non-compliance
established and applied by the Authority for Electric Energy and Gas (AEEG)
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
13
Process to recognize energy saving
Implementation of the project
Request of verification
Assessment and certification
Issue of WhC
Exchange of WhC
Transfer of WhC to AEEG
Economic contribution
DSO and ESCO
Entitled project
AEEG/ENEA
GME
DSO and ESCO
DSO
AEEG to DSO
Phases and Actors
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
14
What political drivers and obstacles did the evaluations face? Previous Italian laws on energy efficiency
(82/308 and 91/10 acts) granted subsidies for energy efficiency projects: based on a global national budget available for the
requests economic lever to encourage the operators but no
targets not enough subsidies to allow the implementation
of the projects
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
15
What political drivers and obstacles did the evaluations face? The WhC mechanism, based on a Command & Control
approach, fixes targets to reach, identifies the obliged subjects and creates a market scheme to close the circuit thanks to which a number of energy efficiency projects are implemented.
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
16
Measurements and Verification of energy savings (M&V) The definition of technical rules, the implementation,
monitoring and enforcement of the whole mechanism are under the responsibility of the Authority for Electric Energy and Gas (AEEG)
The AEEG developed three evaluation methods: a default (deemed savings) method: no on-field
measurement; an engineering method, partial field measurement; energy monitoring plan, subject to AEEG/ENEA pre-
approval
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
17
Measurements and Verification of energy savings (M&V) Deemed savings and engineering methods are developed
by AEEG following consultation of all interested parties
Energy monitoring plans have to meet criteria pre-defined by AEEG and are subject to AEEG pre-approval. They can be proposed only for measures for which no deemed savings or engineering methods have been adopted by AEEG
Only “additional savings” are considered, i.e. savings over and above spontaneous market trends and legislative requirements
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
18
Measurements and Verification of energy savings (M&V) Projects validation as well as energy savings certification
are under AEEG’s responsibility
Verification is carried out via: control of projects documentation prepared according to a
predefined reporting format and sent to AEEG by interested parties. Both quantitative and qualitative project characteristics are checked for validation
random on-site audits (i.e.: control of more detailed project-related documentation as well as audit at customers’ premises)
The certification of the energy savings produced by each project is made via the issuing of Energy Efficiency Certificates (EECs)
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
19
Measurements and Verification of energy savings (M&V)
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Project threshold (Mtoe/year)
Method
Default Engineering Energy monitoring
DSO/ESCOs 25
ESCOs 50 100
DSO 100 200
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
20
Projects evaluated by Default Method(examples of 22 developed formats) Replacement of incandescent lamps by CFL; Replacement of electric boilers by gas boilers for
heating sanitary water; Installation of high efficient boilers; Thermal insulation systems in buildings; Photovoltaic plants (<20 kW power); Variable speed drivers High efficiency electric motors; Etc…
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
21
Tariff contribution
The WCh mechanism is supported by a yearly determined “tariff contribution”, from the AEEG.
For each “toe” of certified energy saving, the obliged Distributors will receive a “tariff contribution”, presently, valued at 100 €
“tariff contribution” is a component of the electric and gas bill, paid by all end users.
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
22
Main results (July 2008)
Several ESCOs authorised (1,100 till now), of whose 140 actually implemented projects;
Over 3,200 projects implemented; 2.0 Mtoe of energy saving achieved (with respect to the
2008 cumulative target of 2.2 Mtoe); Avoided emissions over 5.5 million tons of carbon
dioxide; Benefit for end users significantly outweighted (in a ratio
of roughly 1 to 8) the tariff contribution.
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
23
Main results (July 2008)
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
24
Costs borne by “Obliged DSOs” No information yet available about the costs borne by
DSOs to implement energy efficiency measures. A preliminary estimation carried out on two main
assumptions: Four different percentage subdivisions between titles bought on
the market and titles achieved for projects directly implemented by the DSOs
Savings achieved mainly through projects implemented by DSOs in the residential sector, where a pay-back time for the investment of 4 years it is deemed reasonable
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
25
Outcome from the preliminary estimation Costs borne by “Obliged DSO” (M€)
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
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Costs for the Government
Costs associated with tariff contribution
2Mtoe * 100 €/toe = 200 M€
Costs associated with M&V
1,5 M€ per year
€ per GJ saved
2,5 €/GJ
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
27
Costs for the Government
Source ECOFYS
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
28
Does it work? Advantages
it combines the guaranteed results of regulation with the economic efficiency of market-based instruments
it promotes the development of a market for energy efficiency products and services
it fosters the entrance of new market actors Features
progressive approach in implementation credibility and transparency of the policy approach flexibility for market operators to meet their goals simplicity and accurateness of rules
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
29
NEEAP-The national indicative energy saving targets
GWh Mtoe
Average over 5 year period 1,316,261 113.19
9% energy saving target in 2016 118,464 10.18
Energy saving target adopted (9% or higher)
126,327 (9.6%) 10.86
Intermediate target in 2010 adopted
35,658 (3%) 3.39
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
30
Programs of EE improvement and other measures for achieving the national targets En. Sav. Target 2010 - GWh
En. Sav. Target 2016 - GWh
Measures in the Residential sector:
1) Thermal insulation improvement of ante 1980 residential buildings2) Substitution of simple glazing of windows with double glazing 3) Replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFL4) Substitution of dish-washing machine with class A equipment 5) Replacement of refrigerators and freezers with equipment of A+ e A++class6) Substitution of washing machines with superlative class A equipment 7) Installation of efficient electric water heating equipment 8) Installation of efficient air conditioning systems 9) Energy-efficient heating systems 10) High-efficiency wood Boilers and Fireplaces
1) 3,4892) 2333) 1,6004) 3055) 1,2106) 317) 7008) 1809) 8,15010) 1,100
1) 12,8002) 9303) 4,8004) 1,0605) 3,8606) 4107) 2,2008) 5409) 26,75010) 3,480
Measures in the Tertiary sector: 1) Energy-efficient heating systems 2) Installation of efficient air conditioning systems 3) Efficient bulbs and digital control systems4) Efficient bulbs and digital control systems (public lighting
1) 5,4702) 8353) 1,4004) 425
1) 16,6002) 2,5103) 4,3004) 1,290
Measures in the Industry sector: 1) Efficient bulbs and digital control systems2) Substitution of electric motors (1-90kW) from Eff2 class with Eff1 class3) Inverters for electric motors (0.75-90 kWh)4) High-efficiency cogeneration 5) Mechanical vapour compression
1) 7002) 1,1003) 2,1004) 2,0935) 1,047
1) 2,2002) 3,4003) 6,4004) 6,2805) 3,257
Measures in the Transport sector: 1) Introduction from 01.01.2009 of a standard of consumption for vehicles of 140 g/km (average of total sold vehicles)
1) 3,490 1) 23,260
Total of Expected Energy Saving 35,658 126,327
Implementing EEP: National and International opportunities
Sofia 29 Oct. 2008
31
Thanks for your attention
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT