Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay
Transcript of Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay
![Page 1: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and beyond
A perspective
Rangan Banerjee
Forbes Marshall Chair Professor
Department of Energy Science and Engineering
IIT Bombay
10th August 2020 - Online Faculty Development Programme Nearly Zero Energy Building
![Page 2: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is an energy system?
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 2
![Page 3: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM
PRIMARY ENERGY
ENERGY CONVERSION FACILITY
SECONDARY ENERGY
TRANSMISSION & DISTRN. SYSTEM
COAL, OIL, SOLAR, GAS
POWER PLANT, REFINERIES
REFINED OIL, ELECTRICITY
RAILWAYS, TRUCKS, PIPELINES
WHAT CONSUMERS BUY DELIVERED ENERGY
AUTOMOBILE, LAMP, MOTOR, STOVE
MOTIVE POWER RADIANT ENERGY
DISTANCE TRAVELLED, ILLUMINATION,COOKED FOOD etc..
FINAL ENERGY
ENERGY UTILISATION EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS
USEFUL ENERGY
END USE ACTIVITIES
(ENERGY SERVICES)
3DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 4: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Energy End Uses
Boiler, GeyserFluid heatedHeating
Fans,AC, refrigSpace CooledCooling
motorsShaft workMotive Power
Cycle, car, train,
motorcycle, bus
Distance
travelled
Transport
Incandescent
Fluorescent, CFL
IlluminationLighting
Chullah, stoveFood CookedCooking
DeviceEnergy ServiceEnd Use
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 5: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sustainable ?
Is our present consumption and growth pattern sustainable? Can we continue this into the future?
5DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 6: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is sustainable Development?
6
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Brundtlant Report WCED 1987Development without cheating ourchildren
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 7: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Global Trends – Unbounded Growth?
www.globalenergyassessment.org
7DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 8: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Are our energy systems sustainable?
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 9: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rockstrom et al, Nature 2009
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 9
![Page 10: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Long term global temperature record
Rockstrom et al, Nature 2009
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 10
![Page 11: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/graphics/lawdome.gif
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 11
![Page 12: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
12DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 13: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Recent Carbon dioxide concentrations
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 13
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/
![Page 14: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Recent Carbon dioxide concentrations
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 14
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/
![Page 15: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Source: IPCC, 2011
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 16: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
www.ipcc.ch
16DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 17: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Metrics for (Un)sustainability
17
• Adverse global impacts – climate change problem – “Tipping point” 2⁰ C – 1.5 ⁰ C
• Adverse local health impact
• Urban Air Quality, Indoor Air Quality
• Land Use and Availability
• Water availability and use
• Equity issues
• Financing and Capital
• Energy Security (In-security)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 18: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
• Kaya identity: Total CO2 Emissions
= (CO2/E)(E/GDP)(GDP/Pop)Pop
CO2/E – Carbon Intensity
E/GDP- Energy Intensity of Economy
• Mitigation – increase sinks, reduce sources-aforestation, fuel mix, energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear, carbon sequestration
• Adaptation
18DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 19: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Global Final Energy use in Buildings- Potential
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 19
www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 10
![Page 20: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Buildings- End Use (US)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 20
www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 10
![Page 21: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Share of End-Uses by Appliance in Electricity Consumption in Delhi
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 21
www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 10
![Page 22: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 22
What is India’s current energy use pattern?
![Page 23: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Energy Balance for India-2017 (Sankey Diagram)
All values are in Exa Joule (EJ)
Data Source: IEA
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 23
![Page 24: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Development in India
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 24
Nature Energy | VOL 4 | December 2019 | 1025–1032 | www.nature.com/natureenergy N.Rao et al
![Page 25: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
End –Uses Buildings
25
Source: GEA Chapter 10
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 26: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
End Use Electricity by Appliances – New Delhi
26
Source: GEA Chapter 10
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 27: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Building Site Energy Use- Mix
27
Source: GEA Chapter 10
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 28: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Building stock growth
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 28
![Page 29: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Residential demand scenarios by stock type
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 29
![Page 30: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Approach for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
A design approach that
integrates architectural and
engineering solutions at an
early design stage is
required for getting an energy-efficient design
Building
Energy
Consumption
Architectural
Design
Building
Envelope
Climate
Building usage:
function, number of
users; period of use etc.
Artificial Lighting,
HVAC, Equipment
and Renewable
Energy
30DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 31: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Building Envelope
Most of the cooling load in the buildings originates from solar heat gains and heat transmission
through the envelope (Windows, walls and roof)
The main building envelope features that influence the cooling thermal energy demand
are as follows
▪ Insulation properties of wall
▪ Insulation properties of roof
▪ Size and location of window openings
▪ Shading system for windows
▪ Window properties
▪ Colour and finish of exterior surfaces
▪ Natural ventilation
▪ Building air-tightness
31DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 32: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Reduction of Heat Flow through Walls
150 mm
concrete wall
115 mm brick
230 mm brick
115 mm + 50 mm
cavity +115 mm brick
230 mm + 50
mm cavity
+115 mm brick
200 mm AAC
230 mm brick
+ 65 mm XPS
U= 3.3
W/m2.K
2.8 W/m2.K
2.0 W/m2.K
1.4 W/m2.K
1.1W/m2.K
0.7 W/m2.K 0.4 W/m2.K
32DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 33: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CLIMATIC ZONES
HOT - DRY
WARM – HUMID
COMPOSITE
TEMPERATE
COLD
Requirements vary
Design features change
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 33
![Page 34: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
https://www.nrdc.org/issues/prepare-india-extreme-heat
Cool Roofs - Ahmedabad
Shardaben Hospital White Mosaic Cool Roof
https://www.nrdc.org/
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 34
![Page 35: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Vehicle EfficiencyIndustrial EfficiencyBuilding EfficiencyFuel switchEnergy Intensity
Annual CO2 Emissions (Ahmedabad)M
illio
n T
on
ne
sC
O2
2.32t/capita
8.15t/capita
3.13t/capita
5.63t/capita
2.16t/capita
http://2050.nies.go.jp/report/file/lcs_asialocal/ahmedabad_2010.pdf
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 35
![Page 36: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 36
BEE Case study-CESE IITK
![Page 37: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 37
ECBC Case study- Source BEE
![Page 38: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 38
ECBC Case Study –Source BEE
![Page 39: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 39
Star Labelling (>50% AC)
Source: BEE
![Page 40: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 40
Star labelling <50% AC
Source: BEE
![Page 41: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 41
Survey of EPI for different climate
6-020-15 SHUKLA ET AL ECEEE SUMMER STUDY PROCEEDINGS
![Page 42: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Radiant Cooling
Example of commercial application of radiant cooling
▪ Radiant cooling for the first time in commercial building in India
▪ SDB-1 (Hyderabad SEZ) has 2 identical halves, one with radiant
cooling and other with conventional air conditioning
▪ This building is today the biggest demonstration of
cooling technology comparison
42DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 43: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Schematic of renewable energy options for buildings
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 43
![Page 44: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
http://64.243.182.248/includes/pv%20tutorial.pdf
ModulePanel
Solar Photovoltaics
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 44
![Page 45: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CII-IBC Building - Hyderabad
45DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 46: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Building Integrated PV
http://www.iea-pvps-task2.org/
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 46
![Page 47: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Compute Energy use
• How would you compute?
• Electricity use: Monthly electricity bill:
120 kWh/ month
• Cooking : LPG ~ 1 cylinder / month
• Final Energy use - Elec = 120×3600/ 1000 MJ = 432 MJ
LPG = 14.2 × 42 MJ = 596.4 MJ
Total = 1028 MJ/ month = 12.3 GJ/ year/ Household
Primary energy = 432/0.3+ 596.4/0.9 = 2100 MJ/ month
= 25.2 GJ/ year = 6.3 GJ/ capita/ year
47DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 48: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Energy Bill and Carbon
• Electricity Cost = 5×120×12= Rs 7200
• LPG Rs 450×12= Rs 5400 (Rs 10800 - unsubsidised)
• Total Annual: Rs 12600 (Rs 18000)
• Emission factor = 0.89 kg CO2/ kWh
LPG = 65 kg CO2/ GJ
CO2 emissions = 1440×0.89+596.4×12×65/1000
=1281 + 465.2 = 1746 Kg CO2/ year (436 kg CO2/ capita)
48DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 49: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Wind Power systems
49
http://www.AurovilleWindSystems.com
2 kW peak rating, weight 120 kg
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 50: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Solar Cooking
http://gadhia-solar.com/products/community.htm
Double Community Cooker- Rishi Valley School
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 50
![Page 51: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Solar Cooking - kitchen
mnes.nic.in/solar-stcooker.htm
Solar Kitchen Rishi Valley
http://gadhia-solar.com
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 51
![Page 52: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Cooking with the Sun Concentrators
live.pege.org Balcony system
(Dhule: Ajay Chandak)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 53: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Solar Cooking
• Tirumala(Tirupati) – 4 T/day of steam – food for 15000 people
Solar parabolic Concentrators
• Solar cooking – Suitable for Institutions/ Community kitchen
Army mess, Ladakh
• Households- difficult –change in cooking habits
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 53
![Page 54: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Rice Husk gasifier Cookstoves
54
Anderson, 2012
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 55: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Oorja stove
55
Mukunda et al, 2010
http://www.firstenergy.in
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 56: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Biolite Stove
56
Source: GEA Chapter 10
http://www.biolitestove.com
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 57: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Sampada Biomass Gasifier Stove
57
Source: www.arti-india.org/
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 58: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Compact Biomass Gasifier
58
Source: www.arti-india.org/
1 m3 – digestor – 2 kg kitchen waste
0.5 m3 – digestor –1 kg kitchen waste
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 59: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Standard Fan vs Efficient Fan
59
Standard Fan Efficient FanPower 70 W 35 WPrice Rs 1300 Rs 2600
BLDC motorLife : 10years Sweep 1200 mm RPM – 350-400
Similar air delivery 230 m3/min
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 60: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
TEAM SHUNYASOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2014
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 60
![Page 61: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
House in Versailles – 26th June, 2014
Team Shunya
70 students 13 disciplines 12 faculty
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 61
![Page 62: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 62
Electrical Energy Balance
Generation-Consumption Profile for Competition Day 1, June 30th 2014
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1:00AM
3:00AM
5:00AM
7:00AM
9:00AM
11:00AM
1:00PM
3:00PM
5:00PM
7:00PM
9:00PM
11:00PM
Demand (Wh) Supply (Wh)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Pow
er i
n k
W
Feed in Grid Load PV
Generation Consumption Profile for the competition duration
Performance:• PV Supply = 281 kWh, Demand = 146 kWh• Net Energy Positive, 135 kWh in 12 days• Energy payback analysis% for PV = 2.4 years
![Page 63: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
SDC Dezhou 2018 China
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
Team Shunya
63
![Page 64: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Plan Layout
64
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 64
![Page 65: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 65
A portion of the ELU map of Ward A of MCGM
Corresponding Satellite Imagery for the area from Google Earth
Analyzed in QGIS 1.8.0To determine-Building Footprint Ratios- Usable PV AreasFor Sample Buildings
![Page 66: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.50:0
1-
1:0
0
1:0
1-
2:0
0
2:0
1-
3:0
0
3:0
1-
4:0
0
4:0
1-
5:0
0
5:0
1-
6:0
0
6:0
1-
7:0
0
7:0
1-
8:0
0
8:0
1-
9:0
0
9:0
1-1
0:0
0
10:0
1-1
1:0
0
11:0
1-1
2:0
0
12:0
1-1
3:0
0
13:0
1-1
4:0
0
14:0
1-1
5:0
0
15:0
1-1
6:0
0
16:0
1-1
7:0
0
17:0
1-1
8:0
0
18:0
1-1
9:0
0
19:0
1-2
0:0
0
20:0
1-2
1:0
0
21:0
1-2
2:0
0
22:0
1-2
3:0
0
23:0
1-2
4:0
0
MU
sJan, 2014 Typical Load Profile vs
PV Generation
1-AxisTracking @Highest eff.
1-AxixTracking @Median eff.
19 deg. FixedTilt @ Highesteff.
19 deg. FixedTilt @ Medianeff.
0.115
0.125
0.135
0.145
0.155
0.165
0.175
0.185
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Capacity Factor for Mumbai
1-Axis Tracking
Fixed Tilt @ 19deg.
Annual Averagewith 1-AxisTracking
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
![Page 67: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Target area
Weather data, area details
Identification and Classification of different end uses by sector (i)
Residential (1)Hospital (2) Nursing
Homes (3)Hotels
(4)Others (5)
POTENTIAL OF SWHS IN TARGET AREA
Technical Potential (m2 of collector area) Economic
Potential (m2 of collector area) Market Potential (m2 of
collector area) Energy Savings Potential
(kWh/year) Load Shaving Potential (kWh/ hour for
a monthly average day)
* Factors affecting the adoption/sizing of solar water heating systems
Sub-class (i, j)
Classification based on factors* (j)
Single end use point
Potential
Base load for
heating
Electricity/ fuel savings
Economic
viability
Price of
electricity
Investment
for SWHS
Technical
PotentialSWHS
capacity
Constraint: roof
area availability
Capacity of
SWHS (Collector
area)
Target
Auxiliary
heating
Single end use point
Micro simulation using
TRNSYS
Hot water
usage pattern
Weather
data
SIMULATION
Auxiliary heating requirement
No. of end
use points
Technical
Potential
Economic
Potential
Economic
Constraint
Market
Potential
Constraint: market
acceptance
Potential for end use sector (i = 1) Potential
for i = 2
Potential
for i = 3
Potential
for i = 4
Potential
for i = 5
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 67
Model for Potential Estimation of Target Area
![Page 68: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Load Curve Representing Energy Requirement for Water Heating
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Hour of day
En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
(M
W)
Typical day of January
Typical day of May
Total Consumption =760 MWh/day
Total Consumption = 390 MWh/day
53%
Electricity Consumption for water heating of Pune
Total Consumption =14300 MWh/day
Total Consumption = 13900 MWh/day
Total Electricity Consumption of Pune
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 68
![Page 69: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Dhariwal and Banerjee, Building Simulation, Springer Nature (2017)
Building model methodology
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 69
![Page 70: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Building Orientation and inputs
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee
Dhariwal and Banerjee, Building Simulation, Springer Nature (2017)
70
![Page 71: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 71
Building Correlations developed
Dhariwal and Banerjee, Building Simulation, Springer Nature (2017)
![Page 72: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 72
Solution Procedure
Dhariwal and Banerjee, Building Simulation, Springer Nature (2017)
![Page 73: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 73
Microgrid Sizing
Insolation at New Delhi: (a) weekly average annual data and
(b) hourly average daily data for a winter day
For a remote village (a) Seasonal variation of load for the year, (b) hourly variation of load
For a remote welding shop instantaneous
variation in load for an hour
Microgrid Sizing
![Page 74: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 74
Microgrid Sizing
❑ Rate of Energy stored in storage device,
𝑑𝑄𝑠
𝑑𝑡= 𝑃 𝑡 − 𝐷(𝑡) 𝜂𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 P(t) – Source Power, D(t) – Load Power
Or 𝑄𝑠 𝑡 + Δ𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑡𝑡+Δ𝑡
𝑃 𝑡 − 𝐷(𝑡) 𝜂𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑
❑ For a very small time interval ‘Δt’
𝑄𝑠 𝑡 + Δ𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑃 𝑡 − 𝐷(𝑡) 𝜂𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑
❑ Constraints
1)For the entire time horizon, T Qs(t=0) = Qs (t=T)
in order to maintain the days of autonomy condition and hence sustainability of system.
2) Storage charge level Qs(t)≥0 for all time values
3) Generation should not exceed maximum power that can be produced from renewable source during that period.
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =max(𝑄𝑠)
𝐷𝑜𝐷
![Page 75: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 75
Modelling of Energy Systems
Quadratic fitting for the boundary
points of the design space of
stand-alone welding shop (a)
Hydrogen storage, (b) VRLA
battery and (c) Supercapacitor
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
PV size
7.5
(t
=1ye
ar)
1
(t=0
)3
(t
=15
min
ute
s)
5
(t=1
day
)
tim
e (i
n lo
g sc
ale
) 0
10
20
30
Feasible regionInfeasible
region
Energ
y
cumulative generation
cumulative load
mismatch
Sho
rt-t
erm
Dat
a in
se
con
d
Mid
-ter
m
Dat
a in
ho
ur
Lon
g-te
rm
Dat
a in
wee
k
P1 P2
S1
M1
L1
S2
M2
Energ
y
Time
Design Space for hybrid energy storage (kWh)Pinch for ‘P1’ PV size
Pinch Point
Pinch Point
Pinch Point
Infeasibleregion
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Infeasible
region
Feasible region
Energ
y
Feasible region
![Page 76: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
DESE-IIT Bombay Rangan Banerjee 76
COE (₹/kWh) for the different configurations of remote rural
village case study (a) using present cost (b) using US DOE
target cost for hydrogen storage
Case
Study
Optimum ConfigurationCOE
(₹/kWh)PV
(kWp)
Fuel Cell
(kW)
Electrolyse
r (kW)
Hydrogen tank
(m3)
VRLA battery
(kWh)
Supercapacit
or (Wh)
Case 1 –
Rural
Village
65 12 65 12.3 165 - 35
Case 2 –
Telecom
tower
40 6 40 5.2 58 - 33
Case 3 –
Welding
Shop
2 0.32 2 0.27 0.78 3.5 24
Case 4 –
Backup
for lift
1 - - - 2.7 69 30
![Page 77: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
Building Energy Simulation and Model Prediction for real-time control
![Page 78: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Summary
• New Buildings stock – green, passive, net zero buildings – potential to transform cities
• Increased Renewable share
• Performance Metrics –buildings, areas, city
• Level playing field for Efficiency and DSM, Demand response
• Intelligence – forecasting supply and demand variability – scheduling, deferring loads, bringing storage on line
• Building modelling,optimization, Smart Buildings
• Transform housing and energy sector
• Need for innovation, research , technology development
78
![Page 79: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
End-Note
http://www.ubmfuturecities.com/document.asp?doc_id=523792
79
![Page 80: Energy Efficiency in Buildings NZEB,ZEB and ... - IIT Bombay](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051323/627bc007437994364b17d5b3/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
References
• Pillai and Banerjee, Methodology for estimation of potential for solar water heating in a target area, Solar Energy, 81,
pp. 162-172, 2006.
• UNEP,2011: Cities Investing in energy and resource efficiency, Towards a Green Economy, United Nations
Environment Programme, 2011.
• UN Habitat 2013: State of World’s Cities 2012-13 Prosperity of cities, United Nations Human Settlements
Programme (UN-Habitat), Kenya, 2013. < www.unhabitat.org> last accessed October 28, 2013.
• S.Guttikunda and P.Jawahar, 2011, Shakti Foundation
http://shaktifoundation.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Urban-Air-Pollution-Analysis-in- India.pdf
• ICLEI, Agra Solar City Master Plan, 2011: Development of Agra Solar City, Final Master Plan, supported by MNRE,
New Delhi, ICLEI, South Asia.
• Reddy and Balachandra, IGIDR, WP-2010-023, Working Paper,2010.
• Reddy, IGIDR, WP-2013-02, Working Paper,2013.
• Singh, R., and Banerjee, R., Estimation of rooftop solar photovoltaic potential of a city, Solar Energy, Vol. 115, 589-
602, May 2015.
• https://www.nrdc.org/issues/prepare-india-extreme-heat
Thank [email protected]
Acknowledgement: Balkrishna Surve,Brijesh Pandey, Rhythm Singh, Jay Dhariwal,Ammu Jacob, Team Shunya
80