Energy Efficiency Best Practice

7/29/2019 Energy Efficiency Best Practice

1/35

Best Practices and Innovationof Buildings in Malaysia

SEMINAR ON THE PROMOTION ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANDCONSERVATION (PROMEEC) FOR BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Hishamudin Ibrahim

Singapore, 24 January 2008

Energy Policy related toEnergy Efficiency

in Malaysia


2/35

Energy Policies Development

Petroleum Development Act 1974

National Petroleum Policy 1975

National Energy Policy 1979

National Depletion Policy 1980

Four-fuel Diversification Policy 1981

RE as 5th Fuel Policy 2001

Kick Start of SREP

National Energy Policy

1 Supply Objective

To ensure the provision of adequate, secure and cost effectiveenergy supply through developing indigenous energy

resources, both non-renewable and renewable energysources using the least-cost option and diversification ofsupply sources both from within and outside the country.

2 The Utilization Objective

To promote the efficientutilization of energy and to discouragewastefulandnon productivepatterns of energy consumption

3 The Environment Objective

To minimize the negative impacts of energy production,transportation, conversion, utilization and consumption on theenvironment.


3/35

5. Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)

Ensuring sufficiency, security, reliability quality and

cost effectiveness of energy supply Improving the productivity and efficiency of energy

suppliers and promoting market-based approach indetermining energy prices

Reducing the high dependence on petroleum productsby increasing the use ofalternative fuels

Promoting greater use ofRE for power generation andby industries

Intensifying EE initiatives in industrial, transport andcommercial sectors as well as in government buildings

Policy Implementation

Preparation of Legislative Framework

Final draft of Efficient Management of Electrical Energy

Regulations

Appointment of energy managers in energy-intensive

installations

Compulsory submission of annual report on energy

consumption and EE measures implemented

To include EE elements in Uniform Building By-laws

(UBBL)

Reference to MS 1525: Code of Practice on the Use of RE

and EE in Non-Residential Buildings Building Envelope, Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation

System, Lighting


4/35


Fiscal Incentives

For Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) providingEE services using Energy Performance Contracting(EPC) Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance

Import duty & Sales Tax Exemption

For companies implementing EE projects for ownbenefit Initially Accelerated Capital Allowance but enhanced to

Investment Tax Allowance under Budget 2006

Import duty & Sales Tax Exemption

Incentives extended to December 2010


Examples Of Equipment & Systems Eligible For Incentives

Energy Efficient Equipment & Devices; High efficiency motors (HEM)

Intelligent motor control Variable speed drive (VSD)

Gas heat pump

High efficiency boilers and/or accessories (e.g. economisers,recuperators, superheaters etc.)

Energy Efficiency Technologies & Systems: Thermal Energy Storage

Micro-turbine

Combined heat & power (CHP) systems

Combined cooling, heat & power (CCHP) systems

Renewable Energy Equipment & Systems: Photovoltaic systems

Biomass fired heater

Energy storage systems (for EPS or power quality improvement)


5/35

EE Initiatives

Energy efficient refrigerator campaign

Campaigns for High Efficiency Motors

Energy Month


EE Awareness: PublicationEnergy Efficiency And Conservation Guidelines

How to conduct energy adit

Relevant forms

Relevant case studies

Part 1 of the guidelines on electrical energy-use equipment: Promote EE&C activities in Malaysia.

Provide guidelines for industries to establish their respective standards

for efficient use of energy and internal benchmarking.

Encourage industries to use the guideline as a reference document for

energy efficiency and conservation activities/programme.

Reduce the emission of gases that have global warming potentials

through efficient use of energy in equipment.

Energy Audit Guideline for buildings


6/35


Energy Audit in Government Buildings

Objective: to create awareness and

disseminate relevant information

regarding energy efficiency (EE)

among the government organizations.

2002: 12 office buildings audited.

2008: Will audit Offices and hospitals


EE Demonstration

New office building of the Ministry of

Energy, Water and Communications, builtas a showcase to local developers and

designers to replicate relevant viable

features

Government-led initiatives


7/35

ASEAN Energy Award winners

from Malaysia

Securities Commission

Winner in 2001 AEA under

the New & Existing

Category 8-floor office building with

public facilities (library,

lecture theatre, cafeteria,

auditorium, seminar room)

having air-conditioned area

of 48,500 m

2


8/35

LANDSCAPE

Within the landscape there

are a range of componentsintegrated into the design:

Softscape or planting

Hardscape or paving

Water

FACADE

Externally : The faade comprises a double skin faadewith an 800 mm thermal flue. Green Glass Low E tinted12 mm external with Aluminium cladding.

Internally : Green Glass 8mm with automatic perforatedroller blinds.

Thermal Flue : Horizontal steel grating for maintenancewalkway and shading.

Vertical fixed louvers at 35

angle tilt as shading device

with the buffer zone.


9/35

LIGHTING

A lighting level of500 lux

for the office floors Light fittings selected are of:

Fluorescent fittings, 2louvres c/w air-condreturn slots, 4 x 18WTDL Osram, electronicballast non-dimming (HFDulux Osram 2 x 18W)

with ballast driven powerof 16W per channel/tubeand 2W loss/channel.

AIR CONDITIONING

Low level displacement air-cond for atrium with hot airallowed to stratify the

remaining unoccupied 6 floorsabove for thermostatic venting.Energy savings of 40%compared with conventionaloverhead air-cond.

Underfloor comfort air-cond foroffice floors using ductless anduninsulated floor plenum.

Energy savings of at least 15%compared with conventionaloverhead system.


10/35

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE

Building Control and Management System (BCMS)integrating BAS and OA system with high level interface tochillers, lifts etc.

Comprehensive maintenance and managementprogrammes. Chiller Optimisation Programme

Maximum Demand Limiting

CO2 sensors for fresh air intake in conjunction with Indoor AirQuality (IAQ) control and outside air enthalpy for energy.

CO sensor for carpark ventilation.

Duty cycling for various selected fans.

Thermostatic controlled fans for all plant rooms

EE PARAMETERS

OTTV 38 W/m2

Energy Efficiency Index:

102 kWh/m/yr (Air-conditioned area)

Lighting load: 13.7 W/m2

Indoor environment

Temperature: 23 +/ 1.5oC

RH: 60 +/- 5%


11/35

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

No CFC use or ozone depletion refrigerants, 40

50% reduction on carbon dioxide emissions. An upward air displacement air conditioning

system via the floor void would provide runningcosts 30% - 40% lower than standard.

Low E glass in the building faade avoids highreflectivity to the surrounding.

The double skin faade and roof plant room void

offices acts as not only a climatic buffer to theexternal thermal temperature but to noise pollutionfrom the surrounding high-ways.

KL International Airport

1st runner-up at 2004

AEA on New & Existing

Building Category A 5-storey airport

building comprising of

a main terminal and

satellite building with

total air conditioned

area of 214, 500 m

2


12/35

LIGHTING

Lighting fixtures:

Departure level: metal halide floodlights

Ticket, check-in and information desks: ceiling lightings and

diachronic lamps

Waiting areas: metal halide luminaries

Baggage & reclaim areas:

metal halide downlights

EE PARAMETERS

OTTV < 45 W/m2



Lighting load: 13 W/m2

Indoor environment

Temperature: 23 +/ 1oC

RH: 60 +/- 5%


13/35

ON-SITE DESIGN

Forest In The airport

Walk or catch a free ride

Creature Comfort

AIR CONDITIONING

Air-Conditioning System

The air-conditioning system at MTB comprise of the

air handling units (AHU) for the air side the chill

water side is supplied by other entity namely Gas

District Cooling (GDC) from a plant about 5 km

away. This is a win-win strategy where less energy

& maintenance cost for the building operator and

multiple energy interchangeable at GDC in

producing electrical power.


14/35

AIR CONDITIONING

Thejet nozzle diffuserat departure level (level 5)are installed 3 meter high from floor i.e. occupied

area only. The diffusers are installed at the columnand on top of check-in counters i.e. cooling-occupantefficiency.

Apart from constant air volume (CAV) for concoursearea, variable air volume (VAV) of air handling unit(AHU) also applies to avoid excess cooling capacityat the concessionaires area. CO2 level sensoralsoincluded in the design for passenger air comfort.

Variable speed drive (VSD) varies the motor powerconsumption for the total 6 nos of pumps (2 runningat a time i.e. 1 duty, 1 standby to match the requiredpressure of return chill water to GDC plant, 5 kmaway.

Active Design

Rotunda Door

Escalator & Walkalator

Baggage handling system (BHS)

Building Management System (BMS)


15/35

Passive Design

Maintenance & Management

Control lighting byschedule and photocellsensor

Control of airconditioning system byschedule

Control of comfortconditions and energyconsumption at gate andlounge area basedonload (arrival and

departure schedule).


16/35

TELEKOM MALAYSIA

HEADQUARTERS BUILDING

1st Runner-up in 2005

AEA under New &Existing Category

A 55 storey buildingbuilt to integrate anIntelligent Buildingfeaturing EE buildingcontrol andmanagement systems

with an air-conditionedarea of 114,000 m2

Passive Design

Sky courts shade the facades from

overheating and provide intermediary

social space between office floors

The narrow facades are oriented east and west,

which minimises the buildings direct exposure

to sunlight.

Solar shading in the form of aluminium louvres

and sky courts effectively shade the offices

without compromising daylight penetration.

Windows on the main north and south facades

are set back from the cladding plane which not

only shade the the office space but sculpts the

monolith with consistent slits across.


17/35

Passive Design

SKYGARDENS, A key idea in the concept of the tower design is the inclusion of large openair terraced gardens scaling the heights of the Tower. This development is in response tocurrent ideas about environmentally sensitive architecture, providing natural shade on theeastern and western facades. These gardens will soften the towers external facade andserve as living filters of heat, light and noise for the workers within.The skygardens vary in sizes from 143.10m to 606.36m offer a variety of accessibleexternal spaces for relaxation and informal encounters and discussions, providing animmediately adjacent refuge to combat the day to day stress in this highly technologicalcorporation.

EAST FACING

SKYGARDENS

WEST FACING

SKYGARDENS

OFFICES

OFFICES

CENTRAL

CORE

Passive Design - Consideration ofNatural Ventilation

FIRE STAIRCAE VENTILATION LOUVRES

Natural ventilation in lieu of mech. ventilation

CAR PARK VENTILATION LOUVRES

CAR PARK VENTILATION LOUVRES

Max vent opening area provided above grade to reduce the

capacity of the mech. ventilation fans.


18/35

LIGHTING

Lighting level of500 lux (office)

Lighting fittings

Recessed light fitting c/w 2 x 36 W

fluorescent, colour 84, mirror reflector,

electronic ballast non-dimming type with

a/c return air slots

AIR CONDITIONING

Underfloor Air-Conditioning System. 300 mm deep accessible raised floor.

Conditioned supply air delivered to floor plenum byre-locatable CAM units.

No. of circular swirl floor diffusers located on theraised floor carpet tiles for uniform air distribution.

Perimeter fan powered terminal units with localisedcontrol at the glazing area to adopt to changes insolar cooling loads.

Exhaust air extracted through light fittings at a level

in the ceiling plenum.


19/35

Active Design

UNDERFLOOR AIRCONDITIONING

CUSTOM INDIRECT LIGHTING THE RETURN SYSTEM TO THE CAM UNIT

BUILDING MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

Intelligent Building Management System (IBMS) Energy Management Control System (EMCS) for

a/c High Voltage Monitoring System (SCADA).

Low Voltage and Plumbing Control & MonitoringSystem.

Addressable Lighting Control using C-Bus modules.

Lift Control & Monitoring System

Fire Control Panel & Fire Alarm Control andMonitoring System

Document Conveying System


20/35

EE PARAMETERS

OTTV 42 W/m2



Lighting load: 14.7 W/m2

Indoor environment

Temperature: 23 +/ 1.5oC

RH: 60 +/- 5%

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Environmental Impacts

Ducts and machine plant insulation

Maximising water efficiency

No CFC used for refrigerants

Low E-glass to avoid high reflectivity to

surrounding.


21/35

THE LEO BUILDING

Winner in 2006 AEA under

the New & Existing Category

A 4-storey office building of

the Ministry of Energy, Water

and Communications, built as

a showcase of energy

efficiency for future buildings

with an air-conditioned area of17,000 m2

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope

- To minimized heat gain from the sun radiation.

Proper Building Orientation.

- Most windows / glazing facing North and South.

N

North Facade

South Facade

- Less windows facing East and West.

West Facade


22/35


- Building Envelope contd

Insulation.

- Flat (100mm insulation)

- 2nd Roof (Part of thearchitectural feature which

provide shading).

- Walls

(200 mm Aerated

Light Concreteblocks).

Flat roof

2nd Roof

2nd Roof

Shaded Area under the 2nd Roof



Punch Hole Windows (600 - 1000 mm)

- Better shading effect

Without Punch

Windows

WITH Punch

Windows

- Diffuse daylight.


23/35



Windows Glazing.

- 12 mm light green glass.

- Shading coefficient = 0.57

Final Laboratory Test !- Visible light trans. = 63.1%.

63.1 %

Provides more

daylight but less heat



Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)

- Max. PJH spec., OTTV : 35 W/m2

- Max. Base Building OTTV : 45 W/m2

(Malaysian Standard - MS1525)

- Actual calculated OTTV by PPC : 31.4 W/m2

OTTV is a calculation to measure the level of heat

absorbed into the building


24/35



Use of Natural Ventilation of Fresh Air

at the Atrium

- Use Thermal Flue Chimney Effect.

Thermal Flue

Stack

- Simulation results;Clear sky : 8 10 ACH

Cloudy day : 6 8 ACH

T (Inside Outside) ~ 0.10C


- Interior Space Layout Design

Most intensive work area near the faade. Less intensive work area at the centre floor area.

DAYLIT

SEMI-DAYLITELECTRIC LIGHT ONLY

Corridor

Room near facadeOpen space towardsfacade


25/35

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Innovative Lighting Design

Two circuit lighting system Internal & Perimeter Circuits

(room near the faade / windows),

- Lights near the windows controlled

by photo sensor (Perimeter circuit).

- All lights in the room controlled byoccupancy sensor (Both circuits).

Light fittings

at PerimeterCircuit

Light fittings

at internal

Circuit

Room near the facade


- Innovative Lighting Design contd

Design luminance level in Offices : 350 lux- Proposed by MS 1525:2001* : 300 400 lux.

- Base design requirement : 500 lux.

* MS 1525:2001 = CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND

RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS)

System integrated with Building Energy

Management system.


26/35


- Air conditioning System

Zoning of cooling and control according to

occupancy and load.

- VAV boxes.- Variable speed drives (VSDs).- Room temperature control sensors


- Air conditioning System

CO2 Sensors & Heat Recovery Heat Wheel

- Helps to reduce cooling load of fresh air intake.

CO2 sensors Heat Recovery Wheel


27/35

Temperature control set point : 24oC.(Acceptable comfort level)

- Base design requirement : 22 - 23oC.

- Proposed by MS 1525:2001* : 23oC 2 6oC

Relative Humidity:

60 +/- 5%

INDOOR CONDITIONS


- Air conditioning System contd

Low Friction Losses design

- Reduces installed Chilled Water

pumps and Fan capacity and

use less energy consumption.

Normal

Max. EE Max.

Air distribution (Air duct) [Pa/m] 1.2 1

Chilled Water piping System [Pa/m] 590 200

Legend:High friction losses use more energy

Low friction losses use less energy


28/35


- Air conditioning System contd

Electronic Air Cleaners.

- Maintain efficient air filtering system.

- Reduce losses due to less dust accumulation.- Improve room air quality.

Recommended by Energy Efficient Office

Equipment Procurement Guidelineby DANIDA

Advantages with EE equipment :- Reduced electricity load.

- Reduced cooling load


- Energy Efficient Office Equipment

Plug LoadsComputer

Monitor

Printer

Copier

Fax


29/35


- Energy Efficient Office Equipment contd

Achieved Total Small Power Density,

- Calculated small power density

design by Putra Perdana Const. = 11.5 W/m2

- Base design requirement = 20.0 W/m2

Socket outlet for other plug

loads

Socket outlet for computers

and printer

Energy Efficient Design Features

- Energy Management System

A comprehensive Energy Management System.- Individual Monitoring of cooling, Lighting,Equipment.

- Continuous monitoring and

optimization.


30/35


- Energy Management System

An Energy Manager has been employed,

- Responsible for efficient operation of buildings

energy-related issues.- Monitor, energy audit & analyzed building

energy consumption.

- Advice to management

to improve EE.

- Had attended Energy Managers ProfessionalTraining Course.


-Additional Features

- (Renewable Energy 3 kWp PV System)

Water wall in the atrium

PV Panels on the roof top

- Demonstrates a small Grid Connected Photo-voltaic

System to power the Water Wall system in the atrium.


31/35

Sustainable Design Features

-Additional Features

-(Rain Water Harvest System)

Rain Water Harvest

Tank on the rooftop

- Demonstrates Rain Water Harvest System from theSecondary Roof.- The collected water used by the Irrigation System.

- Help to reduce water consumption supply by utility.

ENERGY-10 Optimisation

MECM NREL / AutoBuild Shoebox BaseConventional MECM LEO

0

100

200

300

Cooling Lights Other Total

120

64 62

11

93

25

275

100

kWh / m year


32/35

Putrajaya International Convention

Centre (PICC)

Land size: 51 acres

Gross floor area: 134,821 square meters 194 kWh/m2/yr

Design concept

Combination of wau (ancient kite) and the pending perak (silver royal

belt buckle) to portray concept of unity.

Roof structure : folded origami puzzle, designed to protect from the sun

and to channel rainwater effectively.

Generous natural daylight.


33/35

Design concept

Offer world leaders a venue with world-class hospitality andservices to facilitate internationally significant discussions in an

effective manner. Ample space for the largest conventions as well as individual

rooms.

Plenary Hall : 4,302 square meters - 3,000 people.

Banquet Hall is 4,347 square meters

4,500 cocktail style and 2,000 banquet style.

Head of States Hall : 518 square meters -184 theatre styles.

Effective Site Planning & Landscape

Planning Putrajaya is set to be a model garden citywith a sophisticated

information network base on multimedia technologies.

Putrajaya sits on 4,931 hectare spread and about 40% of Putrajaya isdesignated as Green Area such as parks, gardens, open spaces, lake

and wetlands. Beautiful landscape with greenery

creates a fresh and pleasant environment

provides comfort for public to rest around the building.

Considered for fresh air area in the building.

Tropical plants are planted inside and surrounding the building to providecooling effect and environmentally close to nature.

The landscape provides

good shading

a pleasant place for people to have a excellent view, temporarily relax and

wind down after stressful working supply fresh air to car park in the basement.


34/35

Maximization use of daylightby having more glazing for the facades aswell as the use of natural ventilation due to less external pollution.

The east and west elevations have less glass walls toprotecttheconference hall from extreme sunlight.

Walls are made of glass, generous natural daylights will illuminate theauditorium through the raked and shaded windows.

Day lighting

Shading devices

(Aerofoil Aluminium

Sunshade Louvre)

Internal garden

Plenary hall day

lighting system

Air conditioning System

Chilled water supply: Gas District Cooling (GDC)

The cooling install capacity is 12.5 W/m based on airconditioning area. The system includes the following features:

Efficient chilled water circulation and heat recovery wheel system Efficient air distribution with Variable Speed Drive (VSD)

technologies.

Building Control System (BCS) with particular stress on the energymanagement component.


35/35

Heat Recovery Wheel

The Heat Recovery Wheel (HRW) enhances the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

without raising the energy cost. The HRW exchanges stale,

contaminated room air with fresh outdoor air and in the process recoversup to 80% of the energy from the exhaust air and uses it to pre-cool or

pre-heat the supply air.

Thank YouPusat Tenaga Malaysia

No. 2, Jalan 9/10

Persiaran Usahawan

Section 9

43650 Bandar Baru Bangi

Selangor

Website: www.ptm.org.my

E-mail: [email protected]

Energy Efficiency Best Practice

Documents

Transcript of Energy Efficiency Best Practice