Energy Dr Michael McCann Centre for Sustainable Technologies (Professor Neil J Hewitt)
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Transcript of Energy Dr Michael McCann Centre for Sustainable Technologies (Professor Neil J Hewitt)
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Energy
Dr Michael McCann
Centre for Sustainable Technologies(Professor Neil J Hewitt)
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“Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it
can only be changed from one form to
another.”
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How is energy transferred?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBVbV5dpCCA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fe_fFFrVl7U
• Energy transfer through heat
• Energy transfer in different forms
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Energy transfers
Global state of energy reserves Consequences of energy use UK and Ireland Challenges Renewables Smart systems
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Global status of conventional energy sources Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Electricity Overall electricity use
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Oil
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Oil
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Gas
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Major gas trade movements
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Coal
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Nuclear Energy
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Nuclear energyNuclear energy means the energy of an atomic nucleus, which can be released by fusion or fission or radioactive decay http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rn339v_Q-w
Well controlled-electricity Out of control-disaster
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Nuclear energy consumption by region
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Hydroelectricity
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Hydroelectricity consumption by region
Three gorges dam in China
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What is renewable energy?It comes from resources which are continually replenished on a human timescale such as:
sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat
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Primary energy
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Consequences
Poverty Environment Security Costs
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Poverty
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Environment
Global temperature increases
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Energy security
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Energy investment $22 Trillion!
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WHAT MIGHT WE DO IN THE UK & IRELAND?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25bmXpEPosc
What is Germany doing?
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Drivers for Energy Changes UK has a target to reduce
carbon emissions by 80% by 2050
1.Maintaining a secure energy system
2.Providing affordable energy3.Enabling economic growth4.Limiting impact on the
environment
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Challenges for Energy The key challenge is to rapidly decarbonise our energy
supply
Increase the efficiency of buildings, industry and transport
Develop/enhance existing networks/infrastructure to support the changing face of energy
Accelerate the development and deployment of affordable green energy technologies
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UK Energy consumption by sector
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UK Low Carbon Transition Plan
34% cut in CO2 emissions by 2020 7M homes insulated 1.5M homes generating electricity 40% electricity is low carbon Halving gas imports Reducing car emissions by 40% etc
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Technologies? Solar photovoltaics Wind turbines Small scale hydro Solar hot water Ground source heat pumps Air source heat pumps Biomass Micro-chp Wave/Tidal etc
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Wind Energy?
Off shore wind farmOn shore wind farm
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European offshore wind atlas
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Wind Impacts
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Forecasting Accuracy
Wind energy can be simulated using CFD technology
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Electricity Price
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Trading Period
€/M
Wh
Mean + 1σ Mean - 1σ Max SMP Mean SMP Min SMP
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ELECTRIC VEHICLESThe Elephant in the Room?
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Vehicles….. Charge electricity/time: 100 miles distance Cost of unit of electricity
10p off-peak 20p peak
If using off-peak electricity, electricity costs equivalent to a tank of petrol: €2 to €5,
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Issues to consider…
What is the % of vehicles that use is under 50km (return)? Can battery easily meet most daily needs? But occasional needs for longer journey both actual and
psychological? Plug-in Hybrids Battery Electric Vehicles Battery Exchange Fast Charging of Battery
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Fast Charging
Issues with heat management and electrical safety
80% charge (125 km) in 30 minutes
European Standard underway
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SMART GRIDSDefinitions etc….
A smart grid uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information of the suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity
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What is a Smart Grid?
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Plug-in hybrid electric cars
Added green power sources
Smart thermostats, appliances and in-home control devices
Real-time and green pricing Signals
High-speed, networked connections
Customer interaction with utility
The Smart House?
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Conclusions
Network will change Wind resources Tidal and Wave to come Smart metering an invention of bad policy Can we afford them? Can we afford not to?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJ-J91SwP8w
Thanks for your attention