Energy Consumption and Consequences

The Politics of Oil

World oil reserves in 2003

Global Distribution of Oil

The Oil Age

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2200

Oil discovery and consumption

Remaining fossil fuel supply in years

Based on production in 2000

The Age of the Fossil Fuels

What are Oil and Gas?

OctaneNatural Gas

Liquid hydrocarbons

Benzene

The formation of Oil

The Oil Window

Oil migration and entrapment

Oil traps

The origin of coal

The formation of coal

Phanerozoic Ice Ages and CO2

At least five ice ages in Earth history including Neoproterozoic (850-630 Ma) Snowball Earth

Current CO2 levelsrelatively low in the context of Earth history

Milankovitch Cycles and the Quaternary Ice Age

Current Ice Age started at 2.6 Ma

Earth has been in an interglacial for 11,000 years

Global Warming - Current Models

Causes of Current Global WarmingCO2, Solar Activity or Both?

Other Sources of Energy

Estimated world energy reserves

A world dominated by Nuclear Energy?

1 Quad = 1 quadrillion BTU

1 BTU = 252 calories

Nuclear Energy

Chain reaction

Neutron collides with U235 forming krypton and barium and releasing more neutrons + vast amounts of energy

Formation of Unconformity-type Uranium Deposits

2U6+ + + 2H2O + C = 2U4+ + 2H+ + CO2

U4+ + O2 = UO2 (Uraninite)

Tidal and hydroelectrical energy

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Home Heating

Heat Pump

Energy Sources