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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 1
Energy Conservation and Generation through Biodegradable
Solid Waste- A Compact Bio-Gas Plant
Chandani P. Manohare1, Abhishek Kumar Dheeraj
2, M. D. Faiz Sheikh
3, Nitish Kumar
4
1(Civil Department, Smt. RadhikataiPandav Collage Of Engineering, Nagpur)
2(Civil Department, Smt. RadhikataiPandav Collage Of Engineering, Nagpur)
3(Civil Department, Smt. RadhikataiPandav Collage Of Engineering, Nagpur)
4(Civil Department, Smt. RadhikataiPandav Collage Of Engineering, Nagpur)
INTRODUCTION
In the present date, India is an extensive
buyer of Fossil fuel, for example, coal, raw
petroleum and so forth.the quick increment being
used of Renewable Energies, for example,
petroleum product, oil, flammable gas has made
issues of interest and supply, as a result of which,
the fate of Non-sustainable power sources is
getting to be dubious. As there is shortage of oil
and coal it important to search for wellsprings of
vitality i.e. sustainable power source assets like
sun based vitality, hydro vitality and atomic
vitality sources. Biogas is additionally
sustainable power source assets yet it is
unmistakable from other sustainable power
sources in view of its qualities of utilizing,
controlling and gathering natural waste in the
meantime delivering results like manure and
water for utilization of agrarian water system. For
the most part because of space required and its
unhygienic appearance, individuals in urban
regions stays away from its utilization. Minimal
Biogas Plant which utilizes squander instead of
cow compost or fertilizer as encourage stock to
supply biogas for cooking. The plant is
adequately reduced to be utilized by urban family
units. As the most widely recognized practice is
to discard the waste aimlessly in the roads or in
open dumps, this prompts contamination of
ground and surface water and adds to the
reproducing of creepy crawlies and rat vector and
the spread of infections. When managing the
natural portion of city strong waste, anaerobic
processing is progressively as a contrasting
option to fertilizing the soil. Biomethanation at a
decentralize level is a perfect choice as it limits
transport costs and gives sustainable power
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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Keywords —Biogas s, solid waste
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 2
source in natural compost. In India, distinctive
biogas plants treating different kinds of natural
strong waste have been actualized lately.
Literature Review
1. B. Velmurugan and R. Alwar Ramanujam
Ramanujam Vegetable wastes (Banana stem,
Cabbage and Ladies finger) were a vivaciously
handled in an empowered bunch look into office
scale reactor at mesophilic conditions (35oc). The
Organic Loading Rate (OLR) was kept up at 2.25
g/l.d with a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 30
days.
The normal methane content in the biogas was
65% and the Methane yield was 0.387 l CH4/g VS
included for the chose sorts of squanders. The goal
of this paper was to think about the execution of the
chose vegetable squanders in a solitary stage
sustained cluster anaerobic reactor for biogas
creation.
2. Patil V.S. and Deshmukh H.V
World's vegetable creation is unequivocally
amassed in Asia.India is next just to China in zone
and generation of vegetables on the planet.
Vegetable waste is created in gigantic amounts
amid the reaping, poor and lacking transportation,
storerooms, showcasing practices and preparing of
vegetables. These fill in as wellspring of irritation.
The present techniques used to arrange the
vegetable squanders are wrong and cause
ecological contamination.
Biomethanation is an appealing alternative for
vegetable waste treatment. Biomethanation is the
anaerobic processing of natural Matter under
controlled states of temperature, dampness and pH
in an encased space to create produces vitality and
supplement rich profluent.
The reason for this audit paper is to center onto
Biomethanation thinks about around vegetable
waste as for yield of biogas and contamination
decrease considers.
3. Dr. S. P. Singh
He performed research center scale test
examination with respect to biogas age from
blossom squander. Research center scale digesters
of 1.5 liter limit with temperature kept up at 30oC
were utilized with 35 days maintenance time.Bloom
squander for the most part comprised of blend of
Marigold, Dhatura, Ankra, Rose and leaves of bel.
Trials were conveyed without pre-treatment and
with pre-medications like drying, processing and
compound pre-treatment with NaOH. It is
presumed that blossom waste can be a decent
substrate for biogas generation due its ideal carbon:
nitrogen proportion.
Physical pre-treatment (drying + pounding) and
substance treatment of blooms is fundamental for
higher gas creation. Measurement of 6 gm NaOH
per 100 gm of dried and ground bloom squander is
ideal for biogas age. New blooms ought not be
utilized for absorption.
.Dr. Usha Bajpai & Puja Singh [3], performed
experimental research on mixture of flower waste,
which mainly consists of Marigold, Rose and
Sunflower. Bloom squander contains acidic
substance; to make it appropriate for biogas
creation, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was added to
it. The substance of the biogas created were
estimated by utilizing gas chromatography. It is
suggested that bloom waste can be utilized as a
wellspring of biogas. The yield methane rate is
more in summer season (50-54%) and less in winter
season (43-half).
4. KorlaSwapnavahiniet
He did research center scale experimentation
with 2.5 liter limit digesters. It was discovered that
the leaves of ocimumsanctum (Tulsi) can be
utilized as a wellspring of bio gas. The pH for the
most part runs between 2.15 to 7.14 (acidic) and
nearness of more cellulose material prompts less
biogas age potential.
Crisp and untreated leaf squander isn't
reasonable for absorption and gas age. There is
requirement for additionally considers with
physical and concoction treatment of tulsi leaf
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 3
squander, in order to decide conditions for good gas
generation and waste.
5. GizemAlkanok
Experimentally considered biogas age
capability of market squander materials.Natural
product, vegetable and blossom squander (FVFW),
dairy item squanders (DPW), meat squander (MW)
and sugar squander (SW) were anaerobically
processed for bio methane creation. At the point
when the squanders were processed alone with no
co substrate expansion, most astounding methane
yield of 0.40 L CH4/gm of VS was watched.
Higher methane yields can be acquired by
legitimatemix of Carbon: Nitrogen proportion and
other working parameters.
Aim and Objective
To examine and use the biogas for age of
power and contrasting option to cooking gas
fuel.
1: What is compact Biogas plant?
It is the propelled type of regular biogas plant. It
is unmistakable from traditional biogas plant as
its lessened in estimate, it don't created sharp
smell and steers fertilizer is requires just once in
an existence of plant and utilize Solid
biodegradable waste as a feedstock regular as
opposed to cows compost. It is a vault formed
conservative biogas plant which is feast upon
any starch material i.e. kitchen waste, stale food,
pending skin of biodegradable solid waste.
2: Materials used.
• Digester tank 1000lit.
• Gas holder tank 750lit.
• Plumbing material.
• Cow dung for first 45 days.
• After 45 days domestic waste.
3: Construction of plant
1) It consists of two plastic water tank of
having digester as well as gas holder tank.
2) The digester tank is of 1000lit. Capacity
and gas holder tank is of 750lit capacity.
3) Plumbing material like PVC pipe, gas cock.
4) The inlet pipe is connected from the inlet
section to the digester from where the
feedstock is fed to the digester.
5) An outlet is pipe is also attached to the
digester from where the effluent is
discharged in the form of slurry.
6) The upper portion is a generally a floating
dome type where methane gas is collected
and through is supplied to kitchen through
gas outlet.
7) There is a provision at the bottom of the
digester tank for cleaning purpose. The
outlet ball valve is provided.
4: Steps of the construction.
Step: - 1
• Assembling of plant with above material.
• The gas holder tank is inversely immersed in
the digester tank.
• The PVC plumbing components are
assembled in the plant as shown in figure.
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM
ISSN: 2395-1303
f
fig.1 constuction
In the digester tank, initially we
feed 250kg of cow dung and same quantity of
water, to make slurry
step:-2
Removal of air from the plant by opening the
tap at the top of gas holder tank.
This condition of plant is
maintain
ed for 45
days to
obtain
desired
results.
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM
1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org
digester tank, initially we
feed 250kg of cow dung and same quantity of
Removal of air from the plant by opening the
This condition of plant is
Step:-3
Mechanization process is occurs in the plant
during the tenure of 45 days but the desired
result is obtained dafter 45 days.
5: Working-
The kitchen waste of 1-1.5kg with 10
water is feed from the inlet pipe in the pipe.
The slurry is decomposed in the digester tank by
anaerobic bacteria.
We are using starchy material it takes place due
to decomposition into peptides alc
and simpler sugars.
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)
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fig.2
constr
uction
Mechanization process is occurs in the plant
during the tenure of 45 days but the desired
after 45 days.
1.5kg with 10-15lit. Of
water is feed from the inlet pipe in the pipe.
The slurry is decomposed in the digester tank by
We are using starchy material it takes place due
to decomposition into peptides alcohol, glycerol
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 5
These simpler sugars are further bifurcated and
emit methane gas.
Methane gas produced in the plant gets collected
at the upper section of the plant i.e. gas holder
dome.
Now from the gas outlet can be utilized
whenever required.
Feedstock- Any Starchy Material i.e. used tea
powder, rotten fruits, vegetable waste, wheat
flour, oil cakes, stale food, and pending skin of
biodegradable solid waste.
• Effluent - The leftover from the
tank in the form of slurry which can used as an
organic fertilizer. Water requirement- for 1-
1.5kg waste 10-15lit water is required. Quantity
of methane gas produced-60% of size of the
tank.
4.6: Advantages / Benefits of compact
Biogas plant
• Require very small space of
1x1 m2 as it compact.
• Provides a clean cooking gas
fuel.
• Utilize biodegradable solid
waste of domestic urban
households.
• Waste produced from plant is
used as good fertilizer.
• Resolves the problem of
garbage disposal & preserves
the environment.
• It is maintenance free.
• Its user-friendly, eco-friendly.
• Safe as it open to atmosphere
and located on terrace or
backyard.
• Minimum life = 20 years.
• Comparative cheaper to other
fuels.
• Harmless to nature hence it is
eco-friendly.
7: Cost Analysis:
• Cost of project – Initial cost
Rs.15000/-
• Recurring Cost- Rs. 13750/-
4.8: Uses of compact bio-gas plant:
• It can be used for
domestic purpose.
• It can be use where large
amount of domestic
waste is available.
• The waste manure
produce by plant is use
as fertilizer.
• For commercial Purpose
such as Hotels, Canteens
etc. the plant can use.
International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management (ICEMESM-2018)
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 6
Conclusion- The investigation and study reveal that there is
more broad degree in biogas and it has
unbelievable potential. The plant has ended up
being effective to the extent lessening of waste
volume and characteristic load, along these lines
it winds up being to be an other alternative to
cooking gas and it can be used as a piece of time
of energy.
Reference:-
1. A. Apte, V. Cheernam, M. Kamat, S.
Kamat, P. Kashikar, and H. Jeswani.
International Journal of
Environmental Science and
Development, Vol. 4, No. 4, August
201, Potential of Using Kitchen
Waste in a Biogas Plant. 370-371
2. T.Subramani, M.Nallathambi.
International Journal of Modern
Engineering Research (IJMER)
Mathematical Model for Commercial
Production of Bio-Gas from Sewage
Water And Kitchen Waste Vol.2,
Issue.4, July-Aug 2012 pp-1588-1595
ISSN: 2249-6645.
3. Diaz L.F., Eggerth L.L., Savage
G.M. (2007): Management of solid wastes in
developingcountries. IWWG Monograph
T.Subramani, M.Nallathambi. International
Journal of Modern Engineering Research
(IJMER) Mathematical Model for
Commercial Production of Bio-Gas from
Sewage Water And Kitchen Waste Vol.2,
Issue.4, July-Aug 2012 pp-1588-1595 ISSN:
2249-6645.
4. Diaz L.F., Eggerth L.L., Savage G.M.
(2007): Management of solid wastes in
developingcountries. IWWG Monograph.
5. developing countries - State-of-the-art
in South India. Proceedings Venice 2008,
Second International Symposium on Energy
from Biomass and Waste. Venice, Italy; 17-
20November 2008
6. .J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.
Effect of Waste Paper on Biogas Production
from Co-digestion of Cow Dung and Water
Hyacinth in Batch ReactorsDecember, 2008
Vol. 12 (4) 95 – 98.
7. Kumar.s. Gaikward.S.A.,
Shekdar.A.KSrisagar.P.K..,Singh R.N (2004)
Estimation method for national methane
emission from Solid Waste Land fills
Atmosphere environment 38:3481-3487
8. Ranjeet Singh, S. K. Mandal, V. K.
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