1. Why this topic is chosen ? Energy conservation is the burning issue nowadays due to the tremendous scarcity of electricity across the country. It is specifically quantifies as optimum use of electricity available. Normally it is extended to all the sectors viz, Industrial, commercial, residential as well as agriculture. Energy conservation is a journey, not a destination

2. Energy efficiency is a technique which needs to be adopted seriously and religiously for effective energy conservation. Energy saved by efficient use of energy of any electrically operated device not only leads to monetary saving but is extra energy generated for the use elsewhere. Why this topic is chosen ? It won't take much energy to conserve energy 3. MM MuraliMurali MohanMohan DyDy. Manager, NTPC. Manager, NTPC 4. India - Power Sector India installed capacity at the time of independence is 1,362 MW. End of Aug - 2014 - 253.389 GW. World's fourth largest producer of electricity. The total annual generation for the year 2013 - 1102.9 TWh. Save Energy :For nature, For future 5. All India per capita consumption of Electricity (KWh) for 2012-13 is 917.81. Is among the lowest in the world. In comparison, China has 4,000 kWh. With the developed countries averaging around 15,000 kWh. India - Power Sector Energy misused cannot be excused 6. Capacity Vs Supply While India has installed power generation capacity of 253 GW, Daily generation is only to the tune of 140 GW (55%). It won't take much energy to conserve energy Forced outages are approx 50 GW 7. There are many reasons. There is low demand from states because of the poor financial health of DISCOMs. Second, there is scarcity of fuel (coal, gas and oil) to run the power plants. There is lots of unplanned shutdowns in the system because of older generating assets, hydro power not catering to peak due to less rainfall. An estimated 30 GW capacity is lying idle because of inadequate supplies of coal. Turn off the unwanted light keep the future bright 8. Energy efficiency is a journey, not a destination 52.40% 53.90% 63.00% 69.00% 74.30% 77.70% 75.10% 73.32% 72.31% 70.10% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 All India PLF (%) of Coal based power stations As pr CEA 9. Fuel supply A thing which burns never returns Actual 462 mt 10. Fuel supply. Energy earns or simply burns, choice is yours Kbpd Tousand barrels per day, mmscmd million metric standard cubic Meter per day 11. Energy Demand.. Overall energy demand has been increasing at the rate of 7% per annum in the last seven years. Today's wastage is tomorrows shortage 12. Power supply position in Aug - 2014 Region Demand & Availability (MU) Peak Demand & Availability (MU) Demand Availa bility Shortage (%) Peak Demand Peak Availability Shortage (%) Northern 33774 31137 - 7.8 50999 46681 - 8.5 Western 25354 24984 - 1.5 40750 38269 - 6.1 Southern 23586 22757 - 3.5 35492 34165 - 3.7 Eastern 11124 11013 - 1.0 16045 15768 - 1.7 N-E 1257 1156 - 8.0 2356 2053 - 12.9 India 94095 91047 - 4.3 145642 136936 - 6.0 Power saved is Power produced As per CEA 13. Anticipated All India Power Supply Position for the year 2014-15 Region Peak Demand Peak Met Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) MW MW MW (%) Northern 47570 46899 - 671 - 1.40 Western 45980 52652 + 6672 + 14.5 Southern 41677 32423 - 9254 - 22.2 Eastern 17608 17782 + 174 + 1.0 N-E 2543 2215 - 327 - 12.9 India 147815 144788 - 3027 - 2.0 Save one unit a day, keep power cut away As per CEA 14. Forecasted installed capacities (LH) and electricity consumption (RH) Energy serves you the way you deserve 15. Estimation.. The IEA estimates India will add between 600 GW to 1,200 GW of additional new power generation capacity before 2050. Manage energy well, To avoid damage and hell! 16. Plan Vs Achievement Five Year plan Target Achieved Shortage % Achieved 1st - 1951-56 1300 MW 1100 MW 200 MW 84.6% 2nd - 1956-61 3500 MW 2250 MW 1250 MW 64.2% 3rd 1961-66 7040 MW 4520 MW 2520 MW 63.9% 4th 1969-74 9264 MW 4519 MW 4745 MW 48.8% 5th 1974-79 12499 MW 10202 MW 2297 MW 81.6% 6th 1980-85 19666 MW 14226 MW 5440 MW 72.3% 7th 1985-90 22245 MW 21401 MW 844 MW 96.2% 8th 1992-97 30533 MW 16423 MW 14110 MW 53.7% 9th 1997-2002 40245 MW 19015 MW 21230 MW 47.2% 10th 2002-2007 41110 MW 21130 MW 19980 MW 51.3% 11th 2007-2012 78000 MW 54964 MW 23036 MW 70.4% Conserve & pay no price, spend & pay a great price Average % achieved is 66.74 % 17. FRIDAY, 08 AUGUST 2014 Energy cant be created but it can be destroyed. Save it! Over 40 crore people living in eight crore households have not got electricity and the government is making all efforts to give them power connection as early as possible, Lok Sabha was told 18. Hurdles.. Indian Power Sector is consistently facing multiple challenges of Shortage in Coal supply. Fund availability, Fuel linkages, Land acquisition, Environmental clearances, Poor management practices of erstwhile State Electricity Boards, Delivery schedule for the equipments, High ash content Coal. ETC.,, Energy conservation A little less now. A little more for the future 19. Challenges in Generation sector The share of Hydro is only about 19% despite the fact that Hydro potential in India is about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor. The IEA Estimated that ideal mix of Hydro: Thermal in India is concerned is 40:60. However, the share of Hydro is declining and the current actual Hydro: Thermal mix is 19:67. Spare a Watt; Save a Lot 20. Final affect on Nation.. The power sector role in the overall growth of the economy is increasingly becoming important and critical. Any slowdown in its performance severely impacts GDP growth of the country as a whole. Energy Conservation-Nations Foundation. 21. Two ways Go on Increase Installed capacity Minimize Losses & Follow Energy Conservation 22. What is our role ? Growing populations and industrializing sector create huge needs for electrical energy. Unfortunately, electricity is not always used in the same place that it is produced, meaning long - distance transmission lines and distribution systems are necessary. Switch-Off AC Units at least Half an Hour Before Leaving the Office. 23. But transmitting electricity over distance and via networks involves ENERGY LOSS. So, with growing demand comes the need to minimize this loss to achieve two main goals: Reduce resource consumption while delivering more power to users. What is our role ? Energy conservation is the foundation of energy independence 24. Generation, Transmission, sub transmission and Distribution system Transmission lines 765 / 400 KV Transmission Customer-220/132 Sub Transmission Customer 66/33KV Primary Customer 11KV/415V Secondary Customer 230 V 25. AT & C Losses Figures. Indias Aggregate Transmission and Commercial (AT&C) losses, which are at 27% of generation compared to world average of less than 15%. The concept of AT&C losses was introduced in 2004. The advantage of the parameter is that it provides a realistic picture of energy & revenue loss situation. Life should be built on the conservation of energy 26. AT&C Losses.. High levels of AT&C loss poses a major challenge as a significant portion of the generated power is lost or goes unaccounted. "Ecology and Energy are twin concerns of development" 27. Many reasons Reasons Over loading Poor Maintenance & repair Lack of Capital/ Investment Low efficiency Obsolete Technology Lack of R&M E = mc2 = Energy = money control conservation 28. What standards are saying S. No. System Component Levels for peak power losses Target% Maximum Tolerable % 1 Step up Transformer and EHV Transmission system 0.50 1.0 2 Transformation to intermediate voltage level, transmission system and step down to sub transmission level 1.50 3.0 3 Sub transmission system and step down to distribution voltage level 2.25 4.50 4 Distribution line and service connections 4.0 7.0 Total power losses 8.25 15.50 Todays Electricity wastage is tomorrows Power shortage. 29. Where is our country ? 30. World at a glance China 6.6 Austria 4.9 Hong-Kong 11.3 Belgium 4.7 India 27.0 Bulgaria 13.6 Indonesia 10.4 Cyprus 4.3 Japan 4.5 Czech Rep 7.0 Mongolia 12.5 Denmark 6.8 Nepal 28.5 Estonia 11.7 Pakistan 16.5 Finland 3.0 Philippines 12.4 France 7.0 South Korea 3.8 Germany 6.4 Sri-lanka 14.0 Greece 4.4 Taiwan 4.3 Hungary 9.5 Thailand 6.8 Ireland 7.7 Paraguay 31.2 % Luxemburg 1.8 % Energy is life - use it wisely 31. The AT&C Losses comprise of two elements:- Technical Losses & Commercial Losses. Formula for AT&C Losses = {1-(Billing efficiency X Collection efficiency) } X 100 Total units sold (MU) Where Billing efficiency = ----------------------------- Total Input (MU) Revenue collected (Rs) Collection efficiency = ----------------------------- Amount billed (Rs) AT & C Losses. Save electricity today for a bright tomorrow. 32. AT&C Losses Region wise Region 2010-11 (%) 2011-12 (%) Eastern 38.72 42.61 North Eastern 37.03 34.85 Northern 29.22 31.49 Southern 19.21 18.62 Western 24.47 24.86 National 26.04 27.00 Courtesy:- PFC Turn off light and equipments when not in use. As per CEA 33. T & D Losses All India- Year wise Courtesy:- CEA Practice energy conservation for future generation As per CEA 34. AT&C Losses Technical losses Main Reasons for Technical Losses Desired investment ratio between generation and T&D should be 1 : 1, during the period 1956 - 97 it decreased to 1 : 0.45. Low investment has resulted in overloading of the distribution system. Haphazard growths of sub-transmission and distribution system with the short-term objective of extension of power supply to new areas. Large scale rural electrification through long 11kV and LT lines. Save energy, save money and save planet 35. AT&C Losses Technical losses Installation of Dist. Txfmrs away from load centers. Inadequate Size of Conductors of Distribution lines. Too many stage of transformations. Improper load management. Bad Workmanship. Feeder Phase Current and Load Balancing. Transformer Sizing and Selection. Inadequate reactive compensation. When it is bright, switch off the light 36. Non-technical (commercial losses) 1. Power theft. 2. Metering inaccuracies. 3. Unmetered losses for very small load. 4. Error in Meter Reading. 5. Making unauthorized extensions of loads, especially those having H.P. tariff. 6. Billing problems. AT&C Losses Non Technical losses Energy misused cannot be excused 37. AT&C Losses Non Technical losses 7. Tampering the meter readings by mechanical jerks, placement of powerful magnets or disturbing the disc rotation with foreign matters. 8. Stopping the meters by remote control. 9. Willful burning of meters. 10.Bypassing the meter. 11.Changing C.T ratio and reducing the recording. 12.Errors in meter reading and recording. 13.Improper testing and calibration of meters. The less you burn, the more you earn 38. How to reduce Technical Losses ? 1. Converting LV Line to HV Line. 2. Large Commercial / Industrial Consumer get direct Line from Feeder. 3. Adopting HVDS for agricultural customer. 4. Adopting Arial Bundle Conductor (ABC). 5. Utilize feeder on its average capacity. 6. Replacements of old conductor / cables. 7. Feeder renovation / Improvement program. 8. Industrial / Urban Focus Program. 9. Strictly Follow Preventive Maintenance Program. A thing which burns never returns 39. 10.Private sector participation in Distribution. 11.SCADA & IT application. 12.Use of Remote Meters. 13.Distribution Transformer & Feeder-wise Metering. 14.Reactive Power compensation by Capacitors. 15.Separation of Agriculture & Distribution Feeders. 16.Avoid sub-standard CRGO steel for Transformers affecting its reliability. 17.TOD (Time of Day) Metering. 18.Promoting Energy efficient BEE rated equipments. How to reduce Technical Losses ? Conserve & pay no price spend & pay a great price 40. How to reduce Non-Technical losses ? 1) Making mapping / Data of Distribution Line. 2) Implementation of energy audits schemes. 3) Mitigating power theft by Power theft checking Drives. 4) Replacement of Faulty/Sluggish Energy Meter. 5) Bill Collection facility. 6) Reduce Debit areas of Sub Division. 7) Watchdog effect on users. "Energy Saved Today is Asset for Future" 41. APDRP Programme The scheme hardly met with any success. According to the Government claims, the scheme led to reduction in the overall AT&C loss from 38.86% in 2001-02 to 34.54% in 2005-06. Later, the government restructured the APDRP programme. The Restructured APDRP (R-APDRP) was launched in 2008 as a central sector scheme for XI plan. Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme As per CEA 42. R-APDRP Aims for.. Reduction of AT&C losses. Bring about Commercial viability. Reduce outages & interruptions. Increase consumer satisfaction. The programme has two components: INVESTMENT COMPONENT covers strengthening and up gradation of sub-transmission & distribution. INCENTIVE COMPONENT is a grant for states / Utilities towards reduction of cash losses with 2000-01 as the base year. "To be energy wise, cut your use to size" 43. Target of AT&C Losses The GOI has set a target of reducing them to 17.1% by 2017 (12th plan) & to 14.1% by 2022 (13th plan). Our earlier generations spent dark nights but we see bright lights. Let us conserve energy to keep away future dark frights 44. Reduction in 5% of AT&C Losses... Peak demand supply is 140 GW. Total losses towards AT&C is 0.27 X 140 GW = 37800 MW. If 5% reduction achieved from AT&C losses, 140 X 0.05 = 7000 MW. Average generation cost per unit is Rs. 3.78, then total loss per year is = 7000X1000X8760X3.78 = ~ 230000000000. Be a part of solution, not the problem 45. Auxiliary Power consumption All India Average APC of Generating stations, As per CEA 8.53% 9.05% 8.57% 8.44% 8.29% 8.17% 8.32% 8.34% 8.49% 8.44% 7.60% 7.80% 8.00% 8.20% 8.40% 8.60% 8.80% 9.00% 9.20% 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 2006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 2009- 10 2010- 11 2011- 12 ALL INDIA APC (%) As per CEA 46. NTPC Auxiliary Power consumption Total installed capacity of NTPC is 43,128 MW as on 18.09.2014. Auxiliary power consumption of NTPC is It is considerably low as compared to All India APC 7.83% 8.83% 7.45% 7.02% 6.87% 6.67% 6.57% 6.62% 6.60% 6.03% 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 2006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 2009- 10 2010- 11 2011- 12 NTPC - APC As per CEA 47. Scope of reduction in APC. Auxiliary power consumption in a thermal power plant is a major source of energy consumption. During 2011-12, total generation by Thermal plants 606684 MUs and average auxiliary power consumption as 8.44 %. Energy misused cannot be excused 48. It is possible If steps could be taken to reduce this APC to 8.0 %, it will help in avoiding fresh capacity addition of a unit of 400 MW size. Thus APC reduction initiatives not only reduce energy consumption but also ensure more revenue because of increase in energy export. Energy Conservation-Nations Foundation. 49. Norms notified by GOI for APC Year 200/210/250 MW 500 MW with TDBFPs 1992 9.50 % 7.50 % 2009-14 9.0 % 6.50 % 2014-19 9.0 % 5.75 % Today's wastage is tomorrows shortage As per CEA Year 2009-14 2014-19 Average St - I & II 7.21 % 6.68 % Station 7.08 % 6.50 % 50. APC Elements in Power Plant. Condenser Cooling water Draft System (ID/FD/ PA/SA) Condensate & FW System Compressed Air system Ash handling system Coal Handling system AC, AHU & AWU Lighting Auxiliary Power Consumption Water Treatment system Fuel Handling system Take advantage of every opportunity 51. Typical APC (%) in TPS 35% - Condensate & Feed water system 30% - Air & Flue gas system 15% - Circulating water 10% - Milling system 4% - Coal Handling 2% - Ash handling 2% - Compressed Air 2% - Lighting & Misc. Opportunities dont just happen. You created them Typical APC (%) in TPS 35% 30% 15% 10% 4% 2%2% 2% 52. Auxiliary Power Consumption Operating the equipment At max. efficiency Reduction Of Aux. Power consumption Energy Conservation Factors Affecting APC Plant Load Factor Operational Efficiency of equipment Start up & Shutdown Age of the plant Coal quality Small opportunities are often the beginning of great achievements 53. Plans to reduce station APC I. Short term plans. II. Medium term plans. III. Long term plans. If opportunity does not knock, build a door 54. Short term plans to reduce APC The short term plans are those which can be implemented immediately OR at a low cost. Poor house keeping increases maintenance of auxiliaries. Dont wait for Extraordinary opportunities 55. Short term plans to reduce APC Avoiding low / partial load running of HT Motors. We can expect higher efficiency from the Induction Motors if we loaded to maximum capacity. Identifying of air / flue gas path, compressed air, steam, oil and water leakages in units. Air ingress points in the boiler & ESP to be identified. BFP/CEP R/C valves passing: - BFP/CEP Power consumption increases due to passing of R/C valve. It is not about how much energy you make its how you save 56. Maintaining the Air-fuel mixture as per available coal. Better pulverized coal fineness and quality to ensure optimum combustion. Breakeven point for replacement must be identified. Better ESP and ash collection system. Poor insulation leaking ducts and expansion joints lead to high radiation losses and heat losses. Short term plans to reduce APC Unless commitment is made, there are only promises and hopes, but no plans 57. Some of the applications in our plant, motors are oversized. Hence efficiency can be improved by replacing correct size of motors. Poor water chemistry lead to high boiler tube failures. Avoiding of Boiler Blow down frequently. Charging of PRDS from CRH Steam system. Short term plans to reduce APC Commitment is what transforms a promise into reality 58. Optimum position of burner tilt and secondary air dampers, fuel air control. Insulation to piping to avoid radiation and loss of heat energy. Poor condition of critical valves, Drain valves & vent valves lead to high DM consumption. Energy efficient lighting system to utilize the latest LEDs to reduce the life cycle cost. Short term plans to reduce APC Productivity is never an accident. It is always result of commitment 59. Use of Dry ash Evacuation instead of WET deashing System - Dry Deashing system consumes less power. Optimization of level set point in LP & HP heater - Heater drip level affects TTD & DCA of heater which finally affect feed water O/L temp. Hence it requires setting of drip level set point correctly. BFP scoop operation in three element mode with variable speed instead of constant speed and DP mode. Short term plans to reduce APC Commitment Its the little choices everyday that lead to the final results were striving for 60. Avoiding idle running of conveyors & crusher in CHP. Optimizing Voltage level of distribution transformer. Optimizing discharge air pressure by tuning loading/unloading cycle: - It helpful to reduce specific Power consumption of compressors. Short term plans to reduce APC Commitment is pushing yourself when no one else is around 61. Isolating cooling water supply of standby auxiliaries. For steam temperature control, the careful control of combustion, possibly with the aid of tilting burners, will reduce the need for steam attemperation flows. Study on Thermostat location in ESP, FOPH and in other locations where heaters supposed to be cut in / cutout as per the temp set point. Short term plans to reduce APC Commitment leads to action, action brings your dream closer 62. Medium term plans to reduce APC The medium term plans pertain to those works which can be taken up during major shut down or during overhauling. Commitment is the glue that bonds you to your goals 63. Use of wind turbo ventilators instead of conventional motor driven exhauster. Application of special coating on CW pump, RW Pump, ARCW, CFW and Ash slurry Pump impeller: - It improves pump impeller profile condition, increasing pump performance (4-5%). Energy efficient cartridges for BFP. Medium term plans to reduce APC Possibilities are always endless 64. Major maintenance of CW system and cooling towers to achieve quality and quantity of water, a clean condenser tubes to achieve better heat transfer and possible vacuum to gain maximum output. Belts have the lowest efficiency of all the common coupling methods, V-belts are the least efficient belt type due to inherent slip, followed by cogged V-belts, flat belts, and synchronous belts. Synchronous belts are the most efficient belt type (up to 97%). Medium term plans to reduce APC Educate yourself learn to conserve 65. Medium term plans to reduce APC Detailed study of entire system from intake to make-up water has potential in optimization of complete system (intermittent operation of additional pump, avoiding recirculation). Study on installation of VFDs for Raw water make-up, Clarified water make-up, ash water make-up, service water make-up, drinking water make-up. If you are the last one out, Turn off all the lights 66. The long term plans cover R&M aspects of the plant. Long term plans to reduce APC 67. Long term plans to reduce APC Vacuum pumps in place of steam ejectors. Energy efficient variable pitch axial fans. Numerical control relays, New switch gears and Advanced DVRs. VAM system for AC system by utilizing the waste heat after APH. The amount of slip is generally lower if high- efficiency motors are used. While designing for new applications, consider high efficiency motors. Set your target and keep trying until you reach it 68. Changing the auxiliary steam header from MS to CRH. Use of heat of compression air dryer instead of electrically heated air dryer. Round ducts have less surface area per unit of cross - section, and smoother flow compared to ducts with square cross - sections. Long term plans to reduce APC Save energy, save resources, reserve life on earth 69. Long term plans to reduce APC Installation of variable frequency drives in CEPs, BFPs, PA Fans, ID Fans, Seal Air fans etc., The benefits of VFDs are larger on low static head and high friction systems. Tubular and heat-pipe (recuperative) air heaters have no mechanical seals and therefore have low leakage rates, typically under 3%. Energy misused cannot be excused 70. Power demand for methods of flow control for radial fans 71. Long term plans to reduce APC Up gradation of C&I system to replace the obsolete technology and installation of more close loop controls to avoid manual interference. Smart wall blowing system for optimizing wall blowing and improving heat rate. Use of screw compressor instead reciprocating compressor: - Sp. Power consumption of screw compressor is less. Do the earth a favour be a power saver 72. Improvement of power factor to plant distribution system by power factor correction capacitors. Wherever possible, work out for Energy-efficient motors (EEM) in which, design improvements are incorporated specifically to increase operating efficiency. Soft starter provides a reliable and economical solution to delivering a controlled release of power to the motor, thereby providing smooth, steeples acceleration & deceleration. Motor life will be extended as damage to windings and bearings is reduced. Long term plans to reduce APC Saving energy is easy at home and at work 73. Torque is reduced by about 1% per deg of misalignment up to 5 deg, after which failure is likely. Flexible couplings compensate for minor alignment errors and reduce the risk of bearing failure, but at the cost of reduced efficiency. Rigid couplings with laser-aided alignment are recommended. Long term plans to reduce APC Life should be built on the conservation of energy 74. While designing Use 3-phase transformers instead multiple single phase. Upgrade old transformers to achieve higher efficiency. Use PF correction, near the inductive sources where possible, to approach 0.95 PF. Use a generous cable laying method; avoid methods which lead to cable derating. Consider a plant arrangement which reduces length of cable runs & voltage drops. Ensure that harmonics are well within tolerance. Understand motor duty and size accordingly. Ensure phase loads and voltages are balanced. Conserve Energy, achieve synergy 75. ConclusionConclusion Yesterday, we operated plant processes, systems and equipments with more power. Today, we are operating these with localized monitoring and partial integrated controls. Tomorrow, we will have to operate with full efficiently with innovative solutions, where we do more than we can imagine today, with less than we used yesterday! Save energy, save money, serve nation 76. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.