Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs...

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Energy and Life

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Transcript of Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs...

Page 1: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Energy and Life

Page 2: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Energy

• Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change.

• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs– Autotrophs – make their own food from the

sun’s energy (aka producers)– Heterotrophs – obtain energy from food they

must consume (aka consumers)

Page 3: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Chemical Energy and Food

• Food provides energy for organisms

• One gram of glucose (C6H12O6) can release 3811 calories of heat. A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

Page 4: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Chemical Energy and ATP

• Energy stored in many forms – light, heat, electricity, and chemical compounds

• ATP and ADP – activities of cells powered by chemical fuels

Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

An ATP Molecule

Page 5: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

ATP & ADP

• Cells store energy in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – nitrogen, 5-carbon sugar, 3 phosphate groups = fully charged “battery”

• ADP (adenosine diphosphate) – similar to ATP, but with one less phosphate group = ADP used to store energy by adding 1 more phosphate to it = partially charged “battery”

Page 6: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

ADP ATP

Energy

EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

Comparison of ATP and ADP to a Battery

Page 7: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

ADP ATP

Energy

EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

Comparison of ATP and ADP to a Battery

Page 8: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Releasing Energy from ATP

• Energy released from ATP when ATP is converted into ADP and phosphate. Because a cell can add or subtract a third phosphate group, this is a great way of storing and releasing energy as needed

• Energy released/used when phosphate bond is broken (phosphate is negatively charged and wants to repel each other = lots of energy)

• ATP carries energy needed by the cell for:– Active transport– Movement within the cell (organelles)– Muscle movement– Chemical reactions

Page 9: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Photosynthesis – An Overview (for now…)

• Photosynthesis – plants, algae, and certain bacteria transform light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water as starting materials. This chemical energy is stored in sugars/starches.

Page 10: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Inside a Chloroplast

– Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts• Chloroplasts contain pouch-like photosynthetic membrane

called thylakoids which are arranged in stacks called grana• Thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and other

pigments/proteins able to capture sun’s light• Stroma – space surrounding thylakoids

Page 11: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Interior cell

StromaGranum

Thylakoidspace

ChloroplastInner and outermembranes

Page 12: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

The Photosynthesis Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen

Chloroplast

CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

Light

Page 13: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

A Photosynthesis Road Map

– 1. Light Reactions – aka light-dependent reactions - takes place within thylakoid membranes

• Makes ATP and NADPH for Calvin Cycle

– 2. Calvin Cycle – aka light-independent reactions – takes place in the stroma – a region outside thylakoid membrane

• Makes glucose

Page 14: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

A Photosynthesis Road Map

Chloroplast

Light

O2

Sugars

CO2

LightReactions

CalvinCycle

NADPH

ATP

ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast

Page 15: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Light and Pigments

• Photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll – a molecule in chloroplasts

• Plants gather sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments. The major pigment plants use is chlorophyll

• ***Plants are green in color because they absorb all colors of visible light except green light – which is reflected***

• When chlorophyll absorbs light, the sun’s energy is directly transferred to electrons in the chlorophyll molecule, raising the energy levels of these electrons, making photosynthesis work

Page 16: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Light

Chloroplast

Absorbedlight

Transmittedlight (detectedby your eye)

Reflectedlight

Page 17: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 18: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 19: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 20: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 21: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 22: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 23: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.
Page 24: Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

What color(s) does Chlorophyll a absorb most?

What color(s) does Chlorophyll b absorb most?

Why is the color green the least absorbed?


Energy in a Cell The Need for Energy. Cell Energy Autotrophs – make their own food Heterotrophs must get energy from consuming other organisms.

Energy in a Cell The Need for Energy. Cell Energy Autotrophs – make their own food Heterotrophs must get energy from consuming other organisms.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. 8-1: Energy & Life What is energy? The ability to do work. What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs? Autotrophs.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. 8-1: Energy & Life What is energy? The ability to do work. What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs? Autotrophs.

Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Energy source Autotrophs: Producers Make own organic molecules Heterotrophs: Consumers.

Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Energy source Autotrophs: Producers Make own organic molecules Heterotrophs: Consumers.

Food Chains Food Webs Energy Pyramids. Autotrophs: Organism that makes own food Heterotrophs: Organism that consumes other organisms.

Food Chains Food Webs Energy Pyramids. Autotrophs: Organism that makes own food Heterotrophs: Organism that consumes other organisms.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Energy-ability to do work Autotrophs-organisms able to capture energy from sunlight and produce their own food (producer) Heterotrophs-organisms.

Energy-ability to do work Autotrophs-organisms able to capture energy from sunlight and produce their own food (producer) Heterotrophs-organisms.

Photosynthesis. Energy Autotrophs Use energy from sun to make their own food Heterotrophs Cannot make their own food, so they eat autotrophs or other.

Photosynthesis. Energy Autotrophs Use energy from sun to make their own food Heterotrophs Cannot make their own food, so they eat autotrophs or other.

Where it Starts--Photosynthesis Obtain energy Autotrophs Heterotrophs Metabolism—biochemical processes release energy Photosynthesis Cellular.

Where it Starts--Photosynthesis Obtain energy Autotrophs Heterotrophs Metabolism—biochemical processes release energy Photosynthesis Cellular.

Chapter 5: Obtaining energy and nutrients for life Heterotrophs and autotrophs Autotrophs and photosynthesis Heterotrophs and food The digestive system.

Chapter 5: Obtaining energy and nutrients for life Heterotrophs and autotrophs Autotrophs and photosynthesis Heterotrophs and food The digestive system.

8-1 Energy and Life. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Living things need energy to survive. This energy comes from food. The energy in most food comes.

8-1 Energy and Life. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Living things need energy to survive. This energy comes from food. The energy in most food comes.

Energy Flow in an Ecosystem. Autotrophs: organisms that manufacture their own nutrients using stored energy or energy from the sun –Examples? Heterotrophs:

Energy Flow in an Ecosystem. Autotrophs: organisms that manufacture their own nutrients using stored energy or energy from the sun –Examples? Heterotrophs:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Norwell Public Schools / Overvie & HETEROTROPHS • From where does the energy that living things need come? •-• Plants AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS ...

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Norwell Public Schools / Overvie & HETEROTROPHS • From where does the energy that living things need come? •-• Plants AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS ...

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. “LIFE from LIGHT and AIR” PRODUCERS/AUTOTROPHS – CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY; SYNTHESIZE ORGANIC MOLECULES CONSUMERS/HETEROTROPHS.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. “LIFE from LIGHT and AIR” PRODUCERS/AUTOTROPHS – CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY; SYNTHESIZE ORGANIC MOLECULES CONSUMERS/HETEROTROPHS.

AUTOTROPHS AND HETEROTROPHS and autotrophs, and distinguish among different levels of heterotrophs . Instructions:the teacher makes a set of cards with different kinds of living beings;

AUTOTROPHS AND HETEROTROPHS and autotrophs, and distinguish among different levels of heterotrophs . Instructions:the teacher makes a set of cards with different kinds of living beings;

Cellular Metabolism. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own glucose. How Organisms Obtain Energy Heterotrophs are.

Cellular Metabolism. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own glucose. How Organisms Obtain Energy Heterotrophs are.

Energy Flow through a Food Chain. ENERGY FLOW Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs 20Notes%20E%20Photosynthesis.htm.

Energy Flow through a Food Chain. ENERGY FLOW Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs 20Notes%20E%20Photosynthesis.htm.

Photosynthesis. Getting Energy Autotrophs- make their own energy (usually from the sun) Ex. plants Heterotrophs- get energy from other organisms Ex. animals,

Photosynthesis. Getting Energy Autotrophs- make their own energy (usually from the sun) Ex. plants Heterotrophs- get energy from other organisms Ex. animals,

Energy Processing Systems: An Overview Big Questions How do living systems process energy? How do the energy processing systems of autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Energy Processing Systems: An Overview Big Questions How do living systems process energy? How do the energy processing systems of autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Environment and EnergyEnvironment and Energy. Vocabulary Biotic Abiotic Ecosystem Consumer Producer Decomposer Autotrophs Heterotrophs Biomagnification.

Environment and EnergyEnvironment and Energy. Vocabulary Biotic Abiotic Ecosystem Consumer Producer Decomposer Autotrophs Heterotrophs Biomagnification.

Prokaryotic Cell. Eukaryotic Cell Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food. Heterotrophs.

Prokaryotic Cell. Eukaryotic Cell Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food. Heterotrophs.