Energy and Hydraulic Grade Line
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Ads by Google ► Energy Pump ► Heat Energy ► Energy Tube ► Calculation Search - "Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!" Energy and Hydraulic Grade Line The hydraulic grade and the energy line are graphical presentations of the Bernoulli equation Sponsored Links lateral channel pumps reihansl.de high-pressure centrifugal pumps up to a head of 1000m and 42m³/h The Bernoulli Equation For steady, inviscid, incompressible flow the total energy remains constant along a stream line as expressed through the Bernoulli Equation : p + 1/2 ρ v 2 + γ h = constant along a streamline (1) where p = static pressure (relative to the moving fluid) ρ = density γ = specific weight v = flow velocity g = acceleration of gravity h = elevation height Each term of this equation has the dimension force per unit area - psi, lb/ft 2 or N/m 2 . The Head By dividing each term with the specific weight - γ = ρ g - equation (1) can be transformed to express the "head": p / γ + v 2 / 2 g + h = constant along a streamline = H (2) where H = the total head Each term of this equation has the dimension length - ft, m. The Total Head (2) states that the sum of pressure head - p / γ velocity head - v 2 / 2 g elevation head - h is constant along a stream line. This constant can be called the total head - H. The total head in a flow can be determined by measuring the stagnation pressure using a pitot tube .
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Transcript of Energy and Hydraulic Grade Line
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Energy and Hydraulic Grade LineThe hydraulic grade and the energy line are graphical presentations of the Bernoulli equation
Sponsored Links
lateral channel pumpsreihansl.de
high-pressure centrifugal pumps upto a head of 1000m and 42m³/h
The Bernoulli EquationFor steady, inviscid, incompressible flow the total energy remains constant along a stream line as expressed through the Bernoulli Equation:
p + 1/2 ρ v2 + γ h = constant along a streamline (1)
where
p = static pressure (relative to the moving fluid)
ρ = density
γ = specific weight
v = flow velocity
g = acceleration of gravity
h = elevation height
Each term of this equation has the dimension force per unit area - psi, lb/ft2 or N/m2.
The HeadBy dividing each term with the specific weight - γ = ρ g - equation (1) can be transformed to express the "head":
p / γ + v2 / 2 g + h = constant along a streamline = H (2)
where
H = the total head
Each term of this equation has the dimension length - ft, m.
The Total Head(2) states that the sum of
pressure head - p / γvelocity head - v2 / 2 gelevation head - h
is constant along a stream line. This constant can be called the total head - H.
The total head in a flow can be determined by measuring the stagnation pressure using a pitot tube.
The Piezometric HeadThe sum of pressure head - p / γ - and elevation head - h - is called the piezometric head. The piezometric head in a flow can be measured through anflat opening parallel to the flow.
The Energy LineThe Energy Line is a line that represent the total head available to the fluid and can be expressed as:
EL = H = p / γ + v2 / 2 g + h = constant along a streamline (3)
where
EL = Energy Line
For a fluid flow without any losses due to friction (major losses) or components (minor losses) - the energy line would be at a constant level. In apractical world the energy line decreases along the flow due to losses.
A turbine in the flow reduces the energy line and a pump or fan in the line increases the energy line.
The Hydraulic Grade LineThe Hydraulic Grade Line is a line representing the total head available to the fluid - minus the velocity head and can be expressed as:
HGL = p / γ + h (4)
where
HGL = Hydraulic Grade Line
The hydraulic grade line lies one velocity head below the the energy line.
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Related Topics
Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density andtemperature, as functions of space and time.
Related Documents
Energy - Energy is the capacity to do work
Major loss in Ducts, Tubes and Pipes - Major loss - head loss or pressure loss - due to friction in ducts, pipes and tubes
Bernoulli Equation - Conservation of energy - non-viscous, incompressible fluid in steady flow
Pitot Tubes - Pitot tubes can be used to indicate fluid flow velocity by measuring the difference between the static and dynamic pressuresin fluids
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