LESSON 1:

FORMS OF ENERGY

ENERGY is…the ability to do WORK or cause change

WORK is…when a FORCE moves an object

a FORCE is…

a push or a pull

There are two main kinds of energy…

POTENTIAL ENERGYSTORED energy

orEnergy that is NOT being used

KINETIC ENERGYEnergy in MOTION

orEnergy that IS being used

Examples: Examples:

Kinetic Energy

* Depends on the objects speed. The faster the object moves, the more kinetic speed it has.

* Depends on the objects mass. The object with more mass will have more kinetic energy.

Potential Energy• Gravitational Potential Energy is motion that is

caused by gravity. An example of gravitational energy is water flowing down a waterfall.

• Elastic Potential Energy is energy stored in objects that are compressed or stretched, such as rubber bands or springs. When you release the end of a stretched rubber band, the stored elastic potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

• Chemical Potential Energy is energy caused by chemical reactions. A good example of chemical energy is food when it is cooked.

Forms of Energy

• Mechanical Energy is the energy of motion that does the work. An example of mechanical energy is the wind as it turns a windmill.

• Thermal (Heat) energy is energy that is pushed into motion by using heat. An example is a fire in your fireplace.

Forms of EnergySound is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate — the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave. Typically, the energy in sound is far less than other forms of energy

Radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Sunshine is radiant energy, which provides the fuel and warmth that make life on Earth possible.

Forms of Energy

• Electric Energy is the energy an electric current carries. Electrical appliances change electric energy into other forms of energy

• Nuclear Energy is energy that is stored and released in the nucleus of an atom.

LESSON 2:

ENERGY TRANSFORMATI

ON

Energy Transformation

• Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms.

• A change from one form to another is called energy transformation.

Single Transformations

• Toaster - electrical energy thermal energy (to toast your bread)

• Cell phone - electrical energy electromagnetic energy (that travels to other phones)

• Human body - chemical energy in your food mechanical energy you need to move your muscles and thermal energy to maintain body temperature

Multiple Transformations• The mechanical energy used to strike a match

is transformed first to thermal energy.

• The thermal energy causes the particles in the match to release stored chemical energy, which is transformed to thermal energy.

• The light that you see is electromagnetic energy.

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change from form to form

Law of Conservation of Energy

Chemical energy transformed to mechanical energy

Mechanical energy transferred to the baseball

LESSON 3:

PARTICLES IN MOTION

Kinetic Molecular Theory * All matter is made of many tiny particles such as atoms and molecules.

* The particles of a material are on constant, random motion.

* The particles of a material constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container.

Temperature* The temperature of something depends on how much energy the particles of the material have.

* If there is little kinetic energy, then the temperature will be low (cold).

* Even though the Kelvin (K) measures temperature, scientists use Celcius (°C) temperature scale to measure temperature.

Thermal Expansion* The increase in volume of a material due to temperature increase.

* When particles move slowly, they occupy less volume.

* When temperature increases, particles move faster. The particles collide and are able to push each other further apart.

What two things consist of thermal energy?

A. Potential movement and Kinetic energy

B. Kinetic movement and Potential energy

C. Potential movement and Kinetic movement

D. Potential energy and Kinetic energy

How is Heat Transferred?

CONDUCTION* The transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter.

* Metals and stone are considered good conductors since they can speedily transfer heat, but wood, paper, air, and cloth are poor heat conductor

CONVECTION* Have you ever noticed that the air near the ceiling is warmer than the air near the floor? Or that water in a pool is cooler at the deep end?

* The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another.

Examples: air movement in a home, pot of heating water.

Convection is the movement that transfers heat within fluids and air.

RADIATION

* The transfer of thermal energy by waves

* All objects emit radiation; warmer objects emit more radiation that cooler ones.

* Examples: Fire and sun

* Have you ever sat too close to a campfire while cooking marshmallows feeling the fire's warmth?

Changes of State

CONDUCTOR INSULATORA material that allows thermal (heat) energy to flow through it quickly.

Examples:-silver-copper-gold-aluminum-iron-steel-brass-bronze-mercury-graphite-dirty water-concrete

A material that allows thermal (heat) energy to flow through it slowly.

Examples:glassrubberoilasphaltfiberglassporcelainceramicquartz(dry) cotton(dry) paper(dry) woodplasticairdiamondpure water