Energy

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 1

When and Where do you think lies the milestone when the ever more affordable alternative energy sources will be more affordable than the ever more expensive fossil fuels.Wake up to be advised that such a day was folded into history while you were seeking profit elsewhere.

Spending Energy is

Fun.Spend it!

Allah does not punish you for a crime you have not committed.

Stop torturing yourself in the dark.Stop burning your money.

ENERGY RESCUE


Energysources and economics


Seminar Objectives

• Appreciate current state of the energy market in Pakistan.

• Identifying responsibilities of the consumer.• Pointing to more cost effective sources of

energy in the market.• Identify upcoming technologies and

opportunities.• Discuss various energy sources separately.


Prevalent Pattern

• 86.2% from Fossil Fuels that are only to get more and more expensive

• Electric supply (grid) offering an ever decreasing uptime

• $6.7billion of foreign exchange being lost in importing oil – each year

• Strategic dependency on imported fuel and shipping lanes

• The psychological impact of knowing one is damaging the environment for his/her children


Global Fossil Fuel Cost Increase in six years


19711972

19731974

19751976

19771978

19791980

19811982

19831984

19851986

19871988

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

0

1,000,000,000

2,000,000,000

3,000,000,000

4,000,000,000

5,000,000,000

6,000,000,000

7,000,000,000

8,000,000,000

Consequences

• Decreasing Demand Growth Rate!!!


Action


Reaction


Invitation

Mr. Bostan


No.Something Better.

Much, Much Better.


Appreciating your requirement

• 1W=8.766kWh/yr.• Your electricity bill lets you know how much

money you pay for how many kWhs.• Your demand fluctuates, you can calculate your

maximum possible demand by summing the power rating on all appliances.

• Before arranging for your electricity, you want to eliminate pointless wastages such as loose connections and magnet attracting wiring.


Typical Diurnal Variation in a Household’s Consumption


In the cooler localities...


Annual Variation


Energy Sources Discussed

• Prevalent sources• Solar• Wind• Ocean Current• Ocean Thermal

• Geo Thermal• Mist• Artificial Rain• Reduced Boiling

Point• Nuclear Energy


SOLAR OPTIONS


Geographical Availability


Assembly Types

• Solar Panels– Electricity generation anywhere under the sun

• Sunlight Intensification– Detour the cost of the panels, if there is room for

the heliostat– Most cost effective means of heating

• Hybrid Installations – typically harnessing wind AND solar energy


Solar 101

• At the smallest level, you would rather buy solar cells rather than panels. This substantially reduces cost and gives you options such as making flexible panels: upon your clothes.

• Instead of crying about there being no sunlight at night, consider how comfortable life would be if your mobile phone recharged automatically. Appreciate limitations, yet search for applications.


Solar 102

• Solar water heaters are already quite economically available in Pakistan and elsewhere. Don’t try to compete with the economies of scale of mass production – just buy the complete product!

• If your choice of electricity for your premises is solar.– Double and triple check the geographical distribution of

solar energy.– Hire an engineer for the acrylic Fresnel lens and heliostat

rather than bringing in truck loads of panels.


Liquid water / solution (at pressure)

Steam / with any dust – driving any turbine

DC electricity

Steam at pressure pretty good at

cooking!

If this lens has to get large, it also has to be an un-oriented wind

turbine!


Solar 103

• Larger installations should be hybrid – harnessing Solar AND Wind/Mist.

• Automate tasks such as filling your rooftop water tank to happen when the sun is at work.

• The high temperatures that you can achieve at the focus of the lens mean that you can set up a cottage industry – for example extracting oxidized aluminum from soil.

• This is a global revolution. Even if you can’t save yourself, someone else will!

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 33Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

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Average Sunlight in Karachi: hours per day: source BBC weather


Solar 104

• Let’s assume you consume 2000kWhs (ie units) of electricity a month, and you install a 2400W solar electricity supply on your roof.

• In Karachi you will save an average of 596 kWhs (units) on your electricity bill.

• Your solar electricity supply cost you Rs.48,000/- (plus human resource)


Solar 105

• You saved Rs. 7748/ a month in your electricity bill: 16.14%/month.

• Ask your bank what it would have given you on Rs. 48,000/-

• Should all consumers reduce their demand by 29.8% the country will have excess electricity ‐and no load shedding.

• Excess supply will force prices down


WIND OPTIONS


Geographical Availability


Recent Improvements

• More wind at higher altitudes, modern wind turbines are kites rather than towers.

• An Aziz Hussein in Township Lahore developed turbine blades optimized for all wind speeds.

• A funnel type structure around the turbine can adjust the wind speed across the blades to give a consistent generation.

• NEPRA has taken over the “risk factor” of the wind energy industry.


Wind Speed Control

Ability to increase and decrease the radius of the funnel kind structure means ability to increase / decrease wind speed across the turbine!


Shape Changing

TurbinesFrom Aziz Hussein

Township Lahore


Kites

• KiteGen has begun selling around 20MW onto the Italian grid.

• Dozens of other teams elsewhere reaching for the energy from the sky.

• Electricity has become more affordable.• Electricity has become relatively more affordable.• This is the essence of this address: advise all

sleeping beauties of this stud that is yawning in their vicinity.


The American attempt


Pakistani kites are exclusively being developed as missile silos and for other military applications

As we have better energy sources


OCEAN CURRENT


Geographical Distribution

• Kites, only heavier, tapping continuous or tidal currents.

• Even more affordable than wind energy.


OCEAN THERMAL


Interesting Aspects

• Carnot cycle between ocean surface and ocean bed.

• Cycles secondary product – distilled water, cooling / air conditioning.

• Most aggressive air conditioning technology known. Cool largest coastal city, while generating both electricity AND fresh water.


Temperature Difference between surface and Ocean bed


GEO THERMAL


Aspects

• Requires water (fresh, dirty, brackish, or sea) as raw material.

• Carnot cycle between earth’s surface and underlying hot crust.

• By-product steam/hot water/distilled water.• Very cost effective and environment friendly

source of energy and fresh water.• The default climate control tool when you want

to warm up a locality.


Are You Ready For The Max?


MIST


Introduction

• Achieve temperature difference by spraying mist in air.

• Run a Carnot cycle between this temperature difference.

• Hybridize with wind energy.• Use directly to cool / pre-cool.


Mist

Low Pressure RegionTurbines Fans

Dynamo

Mist Energy Schematic


Suggested Prototype (for Karachi)

• 5gpm / 150 psi mist / average net 14.475kW• Carnot efficiency and Karachi average weather

conditions (from BBC weather) used for calculations.• Minimum generation 3.89kW at midnight to 0600 hrs

in August.• Maximum generation 30.4kW at 1200 hrs to 1800

hrs in December.• Cooling: a consistent 712kW, or a 203 ton AC.• Consumes water: 316g/s.


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Power Output

0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24kW


Remaining Specifications

• Radius 4.76m. Length 15m.• Estimated cost, Rs. 300,000/- (~Rs. 20/W or

Rs.0.32/kWh) plus human resource• Doesn’t get better than this…• Energy Consuming Air Conditioners (203 ton)

cost way more.• Compare with our grid’s distribution cost of Rs

0.50/kWh• Taps Mist AND Wind Energy.


/ WIND HYBRIDMist / Solar


Minimizing storage in a grid free small enterprise

• Mist Turbine peak production comes with an approximately π/2 phase lag as compared to Solar.

• Distributing your investment in Solar/Wind and Mist/Wind you should need only 6 hours of storage.

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 760 to 6 6 to 12 12 to 18 18 to 24

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Daily Variation

Rs. 300,000 Mist/Wind TurbineRs. 300,000 Solar Electric SupplySum

kW


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Annual Variation

MistSolarTotal

kW


ARTIFICIAL RAIN


Recent Developments

• A certain industrial process produces reduced silica: as a waste product, with a grain structure that leaves it as good as a flare: only that this burned silicon then flies up to bring down clouds!

• Rain can be started but not stopped: threat of floods, use will remain limited to hilly areas where there is no drainage issue.


Artificial Rain

• Technology not economically advisable in the absence of over head clouds or in the presence of strong winds.

• Considered the strongest climate control technology: drop the clouds every sunset and you will cool down your locality, drop them only at dawn and you will heat up your vicinity. The more cloud cover you have, the more you control your climate.


Reduced Boiling PointAs a means of tapping evaporation


Concept

• Reduce the pressure above water, it will boil at a much lower temperature.

• The water vapor introduced by the boiling can leave the system via a filter: that only allows monatomic molecules to pass through.


Valve to fill water and remove air

Monatomic tensile membranes to let out

the vapor. Argon in air (10mbar) leaks in

from here.

The pressure above this water is greatly reduced. It boils at a

much reduced temperature: often

lower than the ambient

temperature

Instead of utilizing the low temperature of the water,

we can have the vapor passing across turbines,

giving mechanical energy.


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Average Vapor Pressure in Karachi (mbar)

0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24


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Reduced Boiling Point Karachi Celsius

0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24


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Ambient Temperature Karachi Celsius

AverageMinMax

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 88Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec0

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30 Maintainable Room Temperature in Karachi by RBP: Celsius


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Ambient Temperature minus RBP: Celsius

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Pressure difference available: if temperature drop is compromised (mbar)

0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24


Best Solution (Electricity / Air Conditioning) for the Apartment.

• For the entire year, can provide electricity to an apartment that may not harness solar or wind energy: nor has the space for a Mist Turbine. 18 hrs of storage will however be required.

• Does not eliminate but does reduce air conditioning requirements: 34C down to 27C.

• Unlike Mist Energy, does not inflict any too low temperatures in the winters. This superiority could prove decisive.


AIR CONDITIONING


Air Conditioning as an Energy Source!

• Ambient Temperature changes diurnally.• Insulation means that our buildings tend to

maintain the average inside them.• This means that every day we may run a

Carnot cycle between the air in the room and outside: while improving conditions in the room!


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Monthly Average Temperatures for Karachi as per BBC weather

AverageMinMax

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• In the winter, we can run such a cycle in the day, generating a small amount of electricity, and heating up our cold dwelling.

• In the summer, we can run such a cycle every night, generating a small amount of electricity, and beating the heat in our rooms.



• A little mist turbine in the area will solve the problem of some nights also being too hot.

• The amount of energy from such an installation is going to be small, yet hybridization with other energy sources always results in the most cost effective air conditioning AND lower cost for one’s electricity.


BREEDER REACTORS


When the Sun is Not Enough

• Enormous growth potential of this family of technologies needs to be appreciated.

• We cannot afford to suffice on fission based detonation.

• We cannot afford to trust the government that failed in Thar with such a task.

• The private technocrat will have to come forward, develop: and then deploy the design and technology.


GOVERNMENT


Government Level Recommendations

• Ocean bed water to air condition coastal cities: fresh water and electricity as by products.

• Geo Thermal Power Stations in permafrost areas: melt the glaciers and permafrost.

• Mist and Rain also as climate control tools: electricity as by product.


Government Level Recommendations

• Hydroelectric dams controlling the floods and cashing in on the increased rains.

• Kites for military, law enforcement, and communication.

• Waste to Energy plants.• Breeder Reactors in cooler areas.• When and if even more energy is required:

raise more kites.


BUSINESS


To the Investor

• Intensified sunlight is a distinct form of energy, like heat and electricity, that is often best used directly.

• Pakistan can best generate around 1.5-2TW of Mist/Wind Energy. Solar will determine the price of electricity in our foreseeable future: 160TW capacity.

• Do not miss out on the cooling from OTEC and Mist or the heating from Solar and GeoThermal.


CITIZEN


To the Citizen

• Ambient heat and dirty / saline water are not things to complain about.

• No one not consuming solar energy is in any position to complain about load shedding or the economy.

• China is consuming ~360GW and the USA ~30TW: you are consuming around 20GW: have to consume >160TW, you have a lot of work to do: stop checking out the girls!


Know thy Enemy


Know thy Enemy

• Pakistan maintains the ability to sterilize India while taking sustainable damage (Prithvi I is India’s only in service strategic delivery vehicle).

• Pakistan also maintains the ability to sterilize the United States, while being sterilized in response.

• The ease with which a government employee may be tipped in Pakistan remains the enemies weapon of choice.


Know thy Enemy

• NADRA and our Police serve their objective of sabotaging our design and development projects.

• PEC / HEC serve to misguide you as to who is literate and who is not.

• AEDB / KESC / WAPDA try to convince you that every possible effort is being made.

• Yes I did just challenge all these entities, what are they going to do?


Short Course on Keeping Pakistan from its Energy

• Identify habitual scientists

• Steal their CNICs

• Tip NADRA into simply not listening when they ask for a copy

• Tip the police

into going deaf when they complain

• Tip any lawyers they hire

• Send infantry in civil clothes to break up any prototypes: and beat up

whomever tried to make them

• You find anyone guilty of prototyping, focus on his source of income and his habitat


Short Course on Energizing Pakistan

• Go to one of the Jihad fronts: learn how to survive in the face of hostility

• Prefer working on technologies that you know the developed

world will be little interested in

• The enemy will isolate you: use it to give time to your mission

• The enemy will sabotage your

resources: make your project even more economical

• Hold on to your ego, nothing else

• Because…


•

It is only YOU that

needs electricity / energy / Pakistan.


Don’t Worry About Me

I am

PAKISTAN


To the Citizen

• Appreciate how many jobs and business opportunities are to show up: choose your stride in time.


Dr. Faisal Tajir

Coming Seminars on:• Water: sources and

economics• Climate Control• Space: how & why• Anti Strategic Delivery

Vehicles

• Highest IQ Level of all SAARC and all OIC• Ph.D. Electronic

Engineering • Ph.D. Mechanical

Engineering• In excess of 300

inventions• +92-313-2088531• [email protected]

Energy

Technology

Transcript of Energy