ENERGIZER RESOURCES INC. //Graphite S T O R M C...
Transcript of ENERGIZER RESOURCES INC. //Graphite S T O R M C...
Aug 17, 2014 TSX: EGZ OTC QX: ENZR
Target C$0.35
ENERGIZER RESOURCES INC.
//Graphite
INITIATION REPORT
Size and Quality Do Matter
Energizer is 100% owner of the Molo Graphite Project in southern Madagascar. The Molo project has a high in situ grade, with outcropping graphite hosted in relatively soft rock that suggests very low mining costs.
Low overall costs and large resource make Energizer a very attractive development-stage graphite project, likely especially attractive to end-
users or traders seeking a long-term supplier of pure natural graphite.
We therefore initiate coverage on Energizer, with a positive recommendation, and a CAD$0.35 target price.
Jon Hykawy, PhD President
Tom Chudnovsky Managing Partner
Vid Thayalan, S.M.. Partner
S T O R M C R O W
New
Old
Recommendation Positive N/A
Target C$0.35 N/A
Shares O/S ~267M
Shares O/S FD ~338M
Recent Price C$0.13
Market Cap C$34.9M
Net Cash ~C$3.5M
See the end of report for important disclosures
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Energizer: Size and Quality Do Matter
For background on the graphite industry, we refer readers to our recent “torture-
test” price deck and industry initiation study. Graphite is a very old and very
common industrial material, used in pencils and lubricants and refractory parts
such as crucibles for the metal-making industry. But with advances in technology
over the last few decades, graphite use is showing massive growth due to
industries such as electronics and electric vehicles, where natural flake graphite is
used in batteries and in carbon foil heat spreaders. And if graphene, the single
atom-thick sheets of chemically bonded carbon atoms, is able to be made
inexpensively, then whole new industries might grow up around this new material,
with unknown implications for graphite demand since graphite provides one
possible source for the raw materials required to make graphene.
Today, much of the graphite used by high-tech end users is synthetic, made from
carbonaceous feedstock like petroleum coke in a process that is both highly time-
and energy-consuming. Synthetic graphite is currently the only useful raw
material for manufacturers of carbon fibers and high-power electrodes, and
remains the preferred choice for use in battery anodes. The high-cost, energy-
intensive process of making synthetic graphite results in a compound with the
necessary high purity and customized physical properties, but that depends on
both raw starting materials and the processing techniques.
Stormcrow’s recent graphite industry reported concluded that there are
applications that will increase demand for jumbo (+35 mesh, or flakes larger than
500 µm) and large (-35+48 mesh, or flakes between 297 μm and 500 μm), but that
the rush to produce these highly valued flakes will likely result in a significant
oversupply of -150 mesh, or flakes smaller than 170 μm, making survival of new
entrants into the graphite market more difficult, unless these entrants are gifted
with low-cost production and/or sufficient supply of larger flake material.
Energizer enjoys a deposit with a high grade, at Molo. The first pit outlined in the
company’s April 2013 PEA study had 8.5% in situ grade, roughly 32 million
mineralized tonnes of ore, a low strip ratio of only 1.65, and a 27 year mine life.
We believe there are a number of end-users and traders that would view Molo as
a secure, long-term supply for required raw materials. And we believe that Molo
will be improved over time.
Our recent visit to site suggested to us that stripping ratio will likely be driven
lower as pit locations are optimized, perhaps even to levels approaching 1. We
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saw many areas where high-grade outcrops were present at surface, over wide
areas. There was no question in our mind that the resource size would be easily
expanded, as Molo currently represents less than 1% of the graphite on more than
300 kilometers of continuous graphite mineralization that is open along strike and
at depth. Indeed, in August 2014 the company upgraded the resource at Molo to
23.6 Mt at 6.32% measured, 76.7 Mt at 6.25% indicated and 141.3 Mt at 6.13%
inferred. Even with only the measured and indicated levels of resource, Molo now
contains more than enough ore to produce at the company’s initially projected
levels, for all practical purposes, forever.
Molo – It Keeps Going and Going and Going…
Energizer’s 100% owned Molo Graphite Project is one of the largest known crystalline flake graphite deposits in the world. The Molo Project hosts a NI 43-101 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource of 124.31 million tonnes, grading 6.34% carbon (C). There are some high grade areas in the samples assayed that were capped at levels of 12% to 15% carbon, all of this 100% flake graphite. The low-grade cutoff used was 2%.
Energizer is currently completing a Feasibility Study, with results to be released to the market by late 2014. As part of this study, results of the company's recently completed pilot plant operation confirmed that the company can produce high-purity graphite concentrate at a very competitive price. These concentrates have been chemically treated and have reached grades of 99% or better, making them suitable for use in batteries and other high-technology applications. Production is targeted for Q2/Q3 of 2016.
Energizer’s total land package in southern Madagascar encompasses approximately 320 kilometers of continuous graphitic trends, with graphite mineralization immediately at surface. In addition to the Molo Graphite Project, Energizer has also identified through drilling, trenching and geological mapping at least six other zones that could, themselves, be stand-alone graphite deposits.
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Exhibit 1 -- Project Location Right: Location of Molo Graphite Project in relation to major graphite demand markets. Left: Property location in Madagascar
Right: Molo Project is located within the hub of top purchasing markets for flake graphite.
Source: Energizer Resources
Our recent graphite industry report and our pricing “torture test” illustrated a
different view of the graphite industry than taken by some others. While there
are applications that we believe will dramatically increase the demand for jumbo
(+48 mesh, or flakes larger than 500 μm) and large (-3548 mesh, or flakes between
297 μm and 500 μm), the rush to satisfy this demand and benefit from attractive
larger flake pricing will likely result in the concurrent overproduction of graphite
of smaller flake (-150 mesh), making it difficult for any additional new producers
beyond the initial entrants to survive the market. The only exception to this rule,
of course, would be producers that might be able to produce high purity material,
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which carries an added price premium, at a low cost. Energizer appears to belong
in that camp.
We would be remiss if we did not point out that our informal names for the various
ranges of flake sizes may differ from those used by the company or by others. They
correspond much more closely to the range of sizes used by one of the only
sources for graphite pricing, Industrial Minerals. For example, our jumbo size
range is +35 mesh, or greater than half a millimeter. Large, for us, is -35+48 mesh
(graphite flakes that pass 35 mesh, but are trapped by 48 mesh). What we term
medium graphite is essentially the large of the size range used for batteries, at -
50+100. Fine and very fine are the lower-value portions of the market, at -
100+200 and -200, respectively. However, our pricing models and prices used in
valuing companies are based on mesh size, not on informal names, so regardless
of how one enumerates or labels the various flake size ranges, we believe that our
financial conclusions are valid.
In the broadest sense, we have visited Madagascar a number of times in the last
few years, and the country as a mining jurisdiction is, thankfully, causing us less
and less concern with each visit. The country underwent a coup d’état in 2009,
and the United States withdrew AGOA (African Growth and Opportunities Act)
benefits and support from Madagascar in 2010. Recent democratic elections have
installed President Rajaonarimampianina (we just wanted to type the name), a
Canadian-trained chartered accountant who is pro-Western and pro-mining.
Following those elections, United States President Obama reinstated
Madagascar’s AGOA eligibility on June 26, 2014. Canada has also recognized the
election of the new government, with Canadian Minister of Trade Joe Fast already
having met with Madagascar’s Strategic Resources Minister. The country is rapidly
returning to being a perfectly acceptable business platform, albeit it may be doing
so outside of any mainstream recognition of that fact.
Leaving aside the metaphorical business climate, actual physical topography at
Molo is in Energizer’s favour. The Molo deposits lies in a relatively flat, semi-arid
environment, with few trees, almost no local population and no problematic flora
or fauna with which to contend. All of the relevant portion of the deposit is
immediately at surface, here. This implies low stripping requirements, with all
indications pointing to it being superior to the levels used in the PEA, and this
would translate to lower mining costs. Indeed, it has even translated to lower
exploration costs, with the company using small drone technology to explore for
graphitic outcrops using GPS-located aerial photography and conformal mapping.
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Exhibit 2 – Camera-equipped Drone Used by Energizer
Source: Stormcrow
Energizer initiated pilot plant testing in January 2013 with SGS Canada, partly in
order to generate very large samples of concentrate for evaluation by potential
off-take partners. The pilot plant generated several findings that were to our
liking. Energizer has publicly revealed that graphite flakes from the Molo deposit
can be purified to a high-grade graphite concentrate by simple flotation alone,
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which should also support low costs. The analysis of flake fractions in early
analysis revealed:
43.5% of flake is +80 mesh
Average grade of +48 mesh and +80-48 mesh material is
greater than 97% purity, direct from flotation
Average grade of all +200 mesh flake is 96.7% C, and 78% of the
Molo concentrate is +200
Impurities are largely confined to the lowest value and finest
material, -400 mesh, which graded at 93.7% C, with average
recovery of 90.3%
Previously, the flow sheet developed for Energizer’s PEA by another metallurgical
firm had suggested that Molo ore must be milled finely to allow for high
recoveries, and for silica to be extracted from the concentrate and allow for
purification. The more recent pilot plant results from SGS, which also resulted in
production of 13 tonnes of concentrates that have been sent to potential
customers for evaluation, have shown that large flake sizes can be preserved while
generating above average graphite purity. For example, the +48 mesh fraction
was assayed to be almost 98% pure, with 96% representing a very favourable
concentrate grade. Our thesis is that, given entry into the market by 4-6 new
producers with average production of perhaps 30,000 tpa each, profitability will
reside in production of larger and purer graphite flake. Energizer’s fraction of
production is now likely to be more than acceptable, and the combination of high
purity and low costs, as we will see below, makes the company very profitable.
Exhibit 3 – Energizer Flake Fraction Output Using Current Flow Sheet
Source: Company reports
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Molo’s Mojo – Low Cost Production
The metallurgical characteristics of the Molo deposit allow for jumbo flake
separation by simple means to produce +100 mesh graphite at an average of
better than 97% pure Cg at recovery rates of better than 90%, using simple
flotation and no additional chemical purification techniques. The flow sheet used
by SGS Canada to generate concentrates for customer analysis has not yet been
published, however a recent visit to SGS Lakefield suggests that it is in no way
unusual compared to that used historically by other graphite producers. The
purity of the concentrate is a function of the Molo deposit itself.
Energizer management has made the early decision to engage an EPCM firm, and
have made an excellent choice in working with DRA. DRA is Africa’s largest EPCM,
based in Johannesburg, South Africa, and have successfully constructed over 200
mines throughout Africa. Through their subsidiary, Minopex, DRA currently
operates roughly 20 mines for major multinational firms such as Xstrata, Anglo
American and Rio Tinto. DRA previously completed Molo’s NI 43-101 PEA, and is
currently working on the DFS. A senior DRA director serves on Energizer’s Board
of Directors, and with DRA’s knowledge of the African mining environment is
continuing to assist with the very rapid development of Molo. The company is
hoping to release their DFS in late 2014, only three years after undertaking work
at the site, which represents remarkably rapid progress that would likely not have
been possible without the involvement of DRA.
The relative ease-of-access to the deposit itself, and the use of simple flotation in
initial processing, sets Molo in good stead to become a low-cost producer of
graphite. Based on the results from the PEA as well as estimates based on
historical results from other miners, the process described above is estimated to
have a cost of $523 per tonne FOB port in Madagascar ($418 per tonne production
cost, plus $105 per tonne transport), so including both local transportation and
environmental costs.
Our previously published graphite price deck was intended to be a torture-test for
most companies and, intrinsically, pessimistic. For analysis of each possible
producer, we will be using a price deck that is pushed back towards historical
prices. Specifically, we use a 2-year trailing average of flake graphite prices (from
Industrial Minerals) averaged with our “torture-test” price projections. The
resulting base-case deck is below.
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Exhibit 4: Base-Case Graphite Price Deck
Projections 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Jumbo 3,365 2,135 1,577 1,753 1,832 1,728 1,667 2,188 2,677 3,977
Large 2,514 1,595 1,178 1,238 1,130 1,140 984 1,048 1,116 1,225
Medium 2,138 1,514 1,025 1,060 1,045 998 825 815 819 824
Small 1,375 1,089 855 898 865 853 700 702 705 708
Very Fine 930 689 505 542 535 527 452 454 457 460
Source: Stormcrow
We do not ascribe any value to any of the other projects owned in whole or part
by Energizer. This includes Energizer’s Green Giant sedimentary rock-hosted
stand-alone vanadium project. We acknowledge that Green Giant has NI 43-101
reports in place, and has an indicated resource size of 49.5 million tonnes at
0.693% V2O5, along with an inferred resource of 9.7 million tonnes at 0.632% V2O5.
However, our valuation of the company is based solely on the Molo graphite
project, so investors will essentially be receiving a free option on vanadium by
investing in Energizer.
Our revenue projections for the company have it selling 75% of annual production
in the form of flotation concentrates, and the balance as 99+% purified graphite
flake to various specialty markets. We assume our price deck for concentrates,
but use a price of roughly $2,500 per tonne (depending on year) for higher purity
material.
On this basis, a simple DCF model, assuming commencement of production in late
2016 and rising to annual levels of almost 65,000 tonnes thereafter with $162
million in capital expenditure that is paid for by a 60/40 split between 4%, 10 year
debt and equity, and using a fairly high 12% discount rate (especially given the risk
mitigation owing to using a EPCM contractor such as DRA), values the company as
shown below:
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Exhibit 5 – Simple DCF Model
Source: Stormcrow
Management – Ready for Development
Peter Harder - Chairman of the Board Mr. Harder has been a director of Energizer since July 2009. He is Senior Policy Advisor to the international law firm Dentons Canada LLP, and possesses deep expertise in public policy, as a result of his involvement at the center of government decision-making for over thirty years. Prior to joining Dentons, Mr. Harder was a long-serving Deputy Minister in the Government of Canada. First appointed a Deputy Minister in 1991, he served as the most senior public servant in a number of federal departments, including Industry and Foreign Affairs and International Trade. At present, Mr. Harder also serves on the Boards of Power Financial Corporation, IGM Financial Corporation, Magna International Inc., and Northland Power. In 2008, Mr. Harder was elected the President of the Canada China Business Council (CCBC).
Richard Schler – CEO, Director
Mr. Schler was appointed CEO of the company in September 2013, but has worked with Energizer and served as a director since April 2006. Prior to being appointed CEO, Mr. Schler held numerous positions including EVP, CFO and COO.
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Before joining Energizer, he held various senior management positions with noted corporations in the manufacturing sector. Mr. Schler holds an MBA degree from Western University, and has a background in mechanical engineering. He has over 30 years of financial management, engineering and business operations experience.
Craig Scherba – President, COO and Director
Mr. Scherba was appointed President and COO in September 2012 and has been a director of the company since January 2010. Previously, he served as VP Exploration of Energizer from January 2010 to September 2012, and currently serves as VP Exploration of MacDonald Mines Exploration Ltd., Red Pine Exploration Inc. and Honey Badger Exploration Inc. Mr. Scherba was professional geologist with Taiga Consultants, a mining exploration consulting company, from March 2003 to December 2009, and was a managing partner of Taiga from January 2006 to December 2009. He has been a professional geologist since 2000, and his expertise includes supervising large Canadian and international exploration projects, and was an integral member of the exploration team that developed Nevsun Resources’ high grade Au/Cu/Zn Bisha mine in Eritrea. Mr. Scherba served as Energizer’s Country and Exploration Manager in Madagascar during its initial exploration stage.
Robin Borley - Senior VP, Mine Development
Mr. Borley is a graduate mining engineering professional and a certified mine manager with more than 25 years of international mining experience building and operating mining ventures. He has held senior management positions, both internationally and within the South African mining industry. Most recently, he was Mining Director for DRA Mineral Projects, and was instrumental as the COO of Red Island Minerals in developing a Madagascar coal venture. His diverse career has spanned resource project management, evaluation, exploration and mine development. Mr. Borley has completed several mine evaluations including operational and financial evaluations of new and existing operations across a diverse range of resource sectors. He has experience in the management of both underground and surface mining operations, from both the contractor and owner perspective. From 2006 through 2012, Mr. Borley participated in the BEE management buy-out transaction of the Optimum Colliery mining property from BHP, through its independent listing and its ultimate sale to Glencore in December 2012.
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Peter Liabotis – Senior VP, CFO and Corporate Secretary
Mr. Liabotis was appointed CFO of Energizer in September, 2012. Previously, he was the company’s VP Finance. Mr. Liabotis also currently serves as VP Finance of MacDonald Mines Exploration Ltd., Red Pine Exploration Inc. and Honey Badger Exploration Inc. From August 2008 to September 2009, Mr. Liabotis worked for EFG Wealth Management (Canada), assisting with accounting matters and Canadian mutual fund launches. From July 1998 through July 2008, he was Senior VP and CFO of Olympia Capital (Bermuda) Ltd. Prior to July 1998, Mr. Liabotis worked with both PriceWaterhouseCoopers in Bermuda and KPMG in Canada. Mr. Liabotis is a current member of the Board of Directors of Honey Badger Exploration. He is a Chartered Accountant and has received a B.Comm. (Honours) degree from the University of Windsor and a B.A. from Western University.
Brent Nykoliation – Senior VP, Corporate Development
Mr. Nykoliation was appointed Senior Vice President Corporate Development in September 2012. Previously he was the Company’s Director of Corporate Development, a position he held since joining the Company in November 2008. Mr. Nykoliation holds a B.Comm. (Honours) degree from Queen's University, and has a career that has spanned 15 years in various senior management roles in marketing and corporate development with notable industry leading companies such as Nestle, Home Depot and Whirlpool.
Quentin Yarie - Senior VP, Exploration and Director
Mr. Yarie’s principal occupation is as a professional geophysicist (P.Geo). He is President & CEO of Red Pine Exploration Inc., Senior Vice-President of Exploration for Honey Badger Exploration Inc. and Senior Vice-President of Exploration for MacDonald Mines Exploration Ltd. since January 1, 2010. Mr. Yarie was the business development officer of Geotech Limited, an Ontario corporation from October 2007 to January 2010. From September 2004 through October 2007, he was a senior representative of sales and business development for Aeroquest Limited.
Roland Fok Seung - Chartered Accountant and Madagascar Country Manager
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Mr. Fok Seung is a Chartered Accountant of the Institute of England and Wales and the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Employed as Energizer’s Madagascar Country Manager for the past five years, Mr. Fok Seung is based full time in Madagascar and will continue to act in this capacity with a focus on financials and business activity.
Conclusions – Future Producer of Pure Flake Graphite
One of the arguments we hear against Energizer is that the Molo project is
challenged by its infrastructure. No company wishes to spend capital on the
construction of roads and the like, and in a perfect world every mining project
would have at least a two-lane paved highway outside the front gate. However,
Energizer has incorporated its infrastructure penalties into its PEA, and will also do
so in its DFS. The company also has to absorb costs, albeit likely lower than those
required by most other graphite projects due to Molo’s higher concentrate purity,
to purify its concentrates and access the higher-value market for purified graphite.
In spite of this or perhaps because of Molo’s relative advantages, the project
remains not only a viable producer of pure, natural flake graphite, but arguably is
one of the strongest potential entrants.
Our financial model suggests that the company should be valued at US$0.40 per
share, excluding any value that one might ascribe to any of the company’s projects
other than Molo. On this basis, we are initiating coverage with a positive
recommendation and a $0.35 target price.
However, perhaps more important than the pure financial analysis is that Molo
and the surrounding graphite discoveries can produce at a stable, low cost for
decades. This ability to secure supply at a known cost for an extended period of
time is precisely what makes any critical materials project attractive to strategic
investors. More than many others, Molo can provide these attributes to the right
partners. We believe that this is the reason Molo, and Energizer, will just keep
going and going and going.
Keywords
Important Disclosures
Stormcrow Capital Ltd. (“Stormcrow”) is a financial and technical/scientific consulting firm that provides its clients with some or all of the following services: (i) an assessment of the client’s industry, business plans and operations, market positioning, economic situation and prospects; (ii) certain technical and scientific commentary, analysis and advice that is within the expertise of Stormcrow’s staff; (iii) advice regarding optimization strategies for the client’s business and capital structure; and (iv) opinions regarding the future expected value of the client’s equity securities so as to allow the client to then make capital market, capital budgeting and capital structure plans. Stormcrow does not provide securities trading services, equity sales or distribution services, securities underwriting services, or investment banking services. Stormcrow does publish research reports for general and regular circulation. With the consent of Stormcrow’s client, the client and/or its industry sector may be the subject of an investment or financial research report, newsletter, bulletin or other publication by Stormcrow where such publication is made publicly available at www.stormcrow.ca or elsewhere or is otherwise distributed by Stormcrow. Any such publication is limited to generic, non-tailored advice or opinions and should not be construed as investment advice that is suitable for the reader or recipient. Stormcrow does not offer personalized or tailored investment advice to anyone and its research reports should not be relied upon in making any investment decisions. Rather, investors should speak with their personal financial advisor(s).
ENERGIZER RESOURCES INC. (“Energizer”, the “Company”) is a client of Stormcrow, and as such, Stormcrow has agreed to provide the Company with a variety of consulting services. The fixed rate fee that the Company pays to Stormcrow is not contingent on the content or conclusions of any of Stormcrow’s research reports and is not contingent on the price, or price movement, of any securities.
None of Stormcrow’s officers, directors, or significant shareholders own, directly or indirectly, shares in the Company. It is a policy of Stormcrow and its employees to refrain from trading in a manner that is contrary to, or inconsistent with, Stormcrow’s most recent published recommendations or ratings, except in circumstances of unanticipated extreme financial hardship.
Stormcrow intends to provide regular market updates on the affairs of the Company (at Stormcrow’s discretion) and make these updates publicly available at www.stormcrow.ca. Readers who wish to receive notice when such updates become available, should email to [email protected] with the subject heading “Get Update Notifications”.
All information used in the publication of this report has been compiled from publicly available sources that Stormcrow believes to be reliable. Stormcrow does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information found in this report and Stormcrow may not have undertaken any independent investigation to confirm or verify such information. Opinions contained in this report represent the true opinion of Stormcrow and the author(s) at the time of publication.
The securities described in this research report may not be eligible for sale in all jurisdictions or to certain categories of investors. This report and the content herein should not be construed by anyone as a
Industry Graphite, Critical Materials, Critical Metals, Mining, Industrial Minerals
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Why do we use keywords?
We feel people who could stand to benefit from the contents of this report, are not solely ones who already follow the specific company or sector discussed herein. As such, we hope to provide this free service to as wide an audience as possible—and keywords help to this end.
STORMCROW.CA | PAGE 15
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Sovereign Metals Inc. (SVM | ASX)
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Investment Rating Criteria
We do not provide an investment rating, beyond indicating whether the target price exceeds current trading ranges by a reasonable range, indicated as “Positive”, or whether the target price is either below or roughly equivalent to the current trading range, indicated as “Negative”. Each investor has an individual target return in mind, we leave it to the individual investor to determine how our target and the current price fit in their portfolio.