ENERGIAS RENOVABLES164DB6FE-F759-4B9B-BF... · Axis parallel to flow (similar to wind turbine)...

Fecha: 30/11/2010

ENERGIAS RENOVABLESING. DIEGO MANFIOING. SIMA

Promoviendo la provisión y uso sustentable de la energía para el mayor beneficio de todos


- Ej: Japan's long-term energy outlook to 2050: Estimation for the potential of massive CO2 mitigation


Introduction:

To meet the energy demand of all households worldwide, energy supplies must double by 2050. This is the most important finding of WEC’s Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050.


Energía EólicaEnergía EólicaCRECIMIENTO EOLICO MUNDIAL - RANKING

Posición Pais/región Capacidad total, final Tasa de crecimiento, Posición 2009 2009 [MW] [%] 2008

1 EE.UU. 35.159,00 39,3 1

2 China 26.010,00 113 4

3 Alemania 25.777,00 7,9 2

4 España 19.149,00 14,7 3

21 Brasil 600 77,3 24

43 Argentina 29,8 0 41


Wind was projected to meet over 5% of global electricity demand in 2020 in the “advanced”scenario (reducing CO2 emissions by 1.5 billion tonnes / year).This scenario was achieved in 2008 and exceeded in 2009.


Energía SolarEnergía Solar


BiocombustibleBiocombustible


PETROBRAS BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL ASSETS Biodiesel and Ethanol

Guarani‐SP

Bambuí‐MG (Petrobras‐Total)

Montes Claros‐MG (Petrobras)

Candeias‐BA (Petrobras)

Quixadá‐CE (Petrobras)

Guamaré‐RN (Experimental Plant)

Belém Project ‐PA

Pará Project‐PA

Santa Luzia‐GO (Petrobras‐Mitsui)

Belém Project ‐Portugal

Guarani ‐Mozambique

(Sena)

Marialva‐PR (Petrobras‐BS Bios)

Bom Jesus‐GO (Petrobras‐São Martinho)

Boa Vista‐GO (Petrobras‐São Martinho)• 4 biodiesel plants

• 3 biodiesel projectsOverall Processing Capacity (2010) ~ 492.000 m3

Biodiesel PBIOBiodiesel PartnershipBiodiesel PBIO (project)Biodiesel Partnership (project)Ethanol PartnershipEthanol greenfield

• 10 ethanol plants:Guarani: 7 - SP/1 -

MozambiqueTotal (MG)

Nova Fronteira (GO)• 2 greenfields:

Santa Luzia (GO) and Bom Jesus (GO)

O ll C hi C it

14 PLANTS


Energía MareomotrizEnergía Mareomotriz


Hydrokinetic Technologies

WaveSomewhat predictable

Constant over short period of time

Limited visual impact

Coastal markets

Costly interconnection (far from shore)

Tidal• Very predictable• Not constant• Limited visual impact• Selected coastal markets

Fluvial• Very predictable• Almost constant• No visual impact• Selected riverside markets• Can be installed between existing

projects

www.mywindpowersystem.comOregon State University, 2010

Hyd

rohe

lix, 2

010


Tidal and Fluvial Turbines Horizontal axis turbines

Axis parallel to flow (similar to wind turbine)

Ducted or not

Uni or bi-directional

Water current creates lift on the blades, driving a mechanical generator

Commercially available

Free Flow System by Verdant Power

Kensington by HydroGreen

TREK by RSW inc

UEK by UEK Corporation

Open Centre Turbine by OpenHydro

and more

Vertical axis turbines

• Axis perpendicular to flow • Uni or bi-directional• Ducted or not• Water current creates lift on the blades, driving a mechanical generator

Commercially available• EnCurrent by New Energy Corp

Oscillating hydrofoils

• Similar to an aeroplane wing• Yaw control systems adjusts angle, • Current creates lift and drag forces that cause device oscillation• Mechanical energy feeds into a power conversion system

Full-scale prototype• Stingray by The Engineering Business Ltd

RSW inc, 2009New Energy Corporation inc., 2009


OE BuoyParameters Value

Developer Ocean Energy Ltd.

Technology Oscillating water column / wave

Stage Almost commercially available

Nameplate capacity 2 MW

Weight 112 tonnes

• Partially submerged structure;

• A column of air is enclosed above a column of water;

• A collector funnels waves into the structure below the waterline, causing the water column to rise and fall;

• The air column is alternately pressurized and depressurized, pushing or pulling through a turbine.

• The turbine is the only moving part of the structure.

Ocean Energy Ltd., 2009


Pelamis Wave Energy ConverterParameters Value

Developer Pelamis

Technology Attenuator / wave

Stage Commercially available

Nameplate capacity 3 x 250 kW

Nominal wave power 55 kW/m

Generator type Asynchronous

Current <1 knot

Hydrostatic power limiting >6 – 7m significant wave height

Distance from shore 5 to 10 km

Depth 50 to 70 km

• Semi-submerged, structure linked by hinged joints.

• Wave-induced motion is resisted by hydraulic rams,

• Rams pump oil through hydraulic motors via smoothing accumulators.

• Hydraulic motors drive electrical generators

• Power is fed down a single umbilical cable to a junction on the sea bed.

Pelamis, 2010


Power BuoyParameters PB150 Model

Developer Ocean Power Technologies inc.

Technology Point absorber / wave


Nameplate capacity 150 kW

Capacity factor 30% to 50%

Power density 80 MW / km2

• The rising and falling of the waves causes the buoy to move freely up and down.

• Resultant mechanical stroking is converted via a sophisticated power take-off to drive an electrical generator.

• Generated power is transmitted ashore via an underwater power cable.


Wave DragonParameters Value

Developer Wave Dragon Ltd

Technology Overtopping / wave

Stage Full-scale prototype

Depth Preferably more than 40 m

Model 0.4 kW/m 36 kW/m

Size 58 x 33 m 300 x 170 m

Weight 237 t 33,000 t

Reservoir 55 m3 8,000 m3

Generators and Kaplan turbines 7 x 2.3 kW 16 to 20 x

350 to 440 kW

Depth 6 m > 25 m

Rater power / unit 20 kW 7 MW

Annual power production / unit for test only 20 GWh/y

•Wave ramp elevates water to a reservoir above sea level

•Water exists reservoir through a number of turbines

•Turbines are the only moving part of the Wave Dragon

•Structure is floating, and moored to the sea bed

Wave Dragon Ltd, 2010


OysterParameters Value

Developer Aquamarine Power

Technology Pitching / surging / heaving / sway (wave)


Distance from shore ± 500 m

Depth 10 m


•Buoyant, hinged flap, almost entirely underwater.

•Attached to the seabed.•Sways backwards and forwards in the nearshore waves.

•The movement of the flap drives two hydraulic pistons.

•Pistons push high pressure water onshore to drive a conventional hydro-electric turbine.

• In essence, the Oyster wave power device is simply a large pump which provides the power source for a conventional onshore hydro-electric power plant.

Aquamarine Power, 2010


StingrayParameters Value

Developer The Engineering Business Ltd.

Technology Oscillating hydrofoil / tidal

Stage Full scale prototype


Size 15 m wide hydroplane

Weight 180 tonnes

•Wing-like hydroplane is supported by a frame, mounted on the seabed.

•Lift and drag forces lift the hydroplane and arm.•Lifting arm actuates hydraulic cylinders, developing high-pressure oil that drives a motor.

•The motor drives a an electric generator.•Hydraulically powered cylinders maintain the hydroplane angle at optimum angle.

• When the arm reaches its upper limit, the hydroplane angle is reversed and the cycle renews.

The Engineering Business, 2005


EnCurrentParameters Value

Developer New Energy Corporation

Technology Vertical-axis / fluvial


Model 25 kW 250 kW

Rotor speed at max power 40 rpm n/a

Generator output 0 – 307 V 0 – 287 V

Water velocity at max power 3 m/s 3 m/s

Overall system mass 1760 kg n/a

Overall system height 4.24 m n/a

Rotor diameter 3.40 m n/a

New Energy Corporation, 2010

•Based on the Darrieus wind turbine•A cross-flow turbine rotates perpendicularly to the direction of water flow

•Hydrofoils generate a lift vector, captured at the shaft as a positive rotation.

•The turbine rotates in the same direction regardless of the direction of the water current

• It captures between 35% and 40% of the energy in moving water.


Free Flow SystemParameters Value

Developer Verdant Power

Technology Horizontal axis / tidal or river



Rotational rate 32 rpm

•Three bladed, horizontal axis turbine•Hydrofoils generate a lift vector, captured at the shaft as a positive rotation

•Designed for tidal and fluvial currents alike •Being installed in 2010 in New York City (tidal) and Cornwall, Ontario (river)


Clean CurrentParameters Value

Developer Clean Current Power Systems inc.

Technology Ducted horizontal axis / tidal

Stage Alstom will commercialise in 2012

Generator rating 2.2 MW @ 3 m/s

Starting velocity 1 m/s

Maximum velocity 4.5 m/s

Nominal rotation speed 9.5 rpm @ 3 m/s

Duct diameter 30 m

Blade diameter 19.5 m

Clean Current Power Systems inc., June 2007

•Horizontal axis turbine•Hydrofoils generate a lift vector, captured at the shaft as a positive rotation

•Bidirectional, changes direction with the ebb and flood of tides

•Ducted, to create higher efficiencies•Attached to the bottom sea floor or riverbed


Kinetic Energy Recovery Turbine (TREK)Parameters Value

Developer RSW inc.

Technology Ducted horizontal axis / river current



Nominal rotation speed 90 rpm

River flow velocity 2 to 4.5 m/s TREK-I

•Horizontal axis turbine•Hydrofoils generate a lift vector, captured at the shaft as a positive rotation

• Ducted, to create higher efficiencies• Laid down on the river bed (no drilling)• Diffuser shroud at the back• Turbine contains all parts (generator, alternator) and can be connected directly to grid


Conclusión

Global Energy Mix


A su disposición para consultas

“MUCHAS GRACIAS”


Región Mayor Menor

North America Coal 45% Gas 15% Nuclear

15%Hidro 10%

Otras 15%

Latin America

Hidro 75% Gas 10% Otras

15%

OECD Europe Coal 30% Nuclear

30% Gas 20% Hidro 10%

Otras 10%

OECD Pacific Coal 35% Nuclear

25% Gas 20% Otras 20%

China Coal 80% Hidro 10%

Otras 10%

Africa Coal 40% Gas 30% Hidro 15%

Otras 15%

North Europa-

AsiaGas 45% Coal 15% Hidro

15%Nuclear

15%Otras 10%

ANEXOANEXO

ENERGIAS RENOVABLES164DB6FE-F759-4B9B-BF... · Axis parallel to flow (similar to wind turbine)...

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Transcript of ENERGIAS RENOVABLES164DB6FE-F759-4B9B-BF... · Axis parallel to flow (similar to wind turbine)...