Endocrinology - Parathyroid
Transcript of Endocrinology - Parathyroid
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PARATHYROID GLANDS
ERIC MAYO DAGRADI dr MKes
Department of Physiology
Medical School of Universitas Hang Tuah
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OVERVIEW
In humans there are 4 glands, 2 embedded in the
superior part of thyroid glands, 2 in its inferior
poles. Product: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Primary function: regulate the plasma calcium
level.
Play important role in bone formation
Hypocalcaemia
tetanic contraction
Hypercalcaemia
Muscle weakness, muscular reflex insensitivity,
neural system suppression
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Four Parathyroid
glands are usually
found posterior to
the thyroid gland
Total weight of
parathyroid tissue is
about 150mg
Parathyroid hormone
(PTH) is made by
these glands
Parathyroid Gland Anatomy
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25-Hydroxyholecalciferol
1,25 Dihydroxyholecalciferol
(Calcitriol)
GIT
Absorption
Ca
Phosphate
Bone
formation
Kidney
Reabsorption
of
Calcium
Phosphate
Bone
resorption
PTH
ECF
Calcium Phosphate
kidney
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ABNORMALITIES
1. Hypoparathyroidea
Effects:
Bone resorption ; Renal calcium reabsorption
Low plasma calcium level (normal: 10 mg%)
6
-
7 mg%
Tetany
Laryngeal muscle tetany
obstruction
fatal
Renal phosphate reabs
plasma level
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Therapy:
PTH supplementation- significant effects only 24-36 hrs
- immune bodies + effects
Vitamin D and Calcium supplementation- intestinal Ca absorption
- bone resorption
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2. Hyperparathyroidea
If PTH calcium phosphateCausal: tumor (mostly), women preferred .
LactationPregnancy
Ca need
Plasma Ca level
Chronic stimulation on glands
Hyperthrophy
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The effects of hyperparathyroidea1.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica(von Recklinghausens disease)bone resorption cyst
2. Hypercalcaemia
Normal Ca level: 10 mg%Well adapted until 12-15 mg%Reach 20 mg%:- CNS-PNS depressions- Constipation- Muscle weakness- Lack in appetite- Renal disorder stone
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RICKETSIA
-On children-Causal: insufficiency of vitamin D intake
7-dehydrocholesterol(pre-vitamin D)
sunlight
vitamin D
CaPhosphate absorption
GI Tract
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RICKETSIA
- On adults
- Caused by STEATHORRHEA
digestive disorder fat absorp
(vitamin D is dissolvable in fat)
excreted with faeces
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