Endocrine System: Homeostatic Imbalances Anatomy & Physiology.
-
Upload
chrystal-turner -
Category
Documents
-
view
253 -
download
1
Transcript of Endocrine System: Homeostatic Imbalances Anatomy & Physiology.
Endocrine System: Homeostatic Imbalances
Anatomy & Physiology
Tumor cells
Tumor cells (such as lung or pancreas cancer) make excessive amounts of hormones identical to normal endocrine glands.
Growth Hormone
Hypersecretion and hyposecretion result in structural abnormalities.
Gigantism- still-active growth plates receive excessive GH Person becomes abnormally tall (often 8ft)
Acromegaly- excessive GH secreted after growth plates close Enlarged extremities; overgrown hands, feet and
face Pituitary Dwarfism- GH deficiency in children;
slows bone growth
Gigantism
Gigantism
34 years old 7’8” tall
Acromegaly
Pituitary Dwarfism
Pituitary Gland: Prolactin
Prolactin: Hypersecretion in females leads to lactation problems, lack of menses, breast enlargement, and infertility Hypersecretion in males leads to impotence
Pituitary Gland: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
ADH Deficiency= diabetes insipidusCan be caused by damage to
hypothalamus or posterior pituitary Intense thirst and urine output
Hypersecretion of ADH: occurs with meningitis, recovery from neurosurgery or hypothalamus injury Results in retention of fluid, headache, brain
edema, weight gain
Thyroid Gland Imbalances
Hypothyroidism leads to slow metabolism, chills, constipation, thick and dry skin, puffy eyes, edema, lethargy and mental sluggishnessLack of iodine= goiterCretinism in children; can lead to mental
retardation
Hyposecretion of TH
Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease- autoimmune disease; Symptoms- rapid and irregular heartbeat,
nervousness, weight loss, elevated metabolic rate, sweating
Graves’ Disease
Enlarged Thyroid (goiter)
Parathyroid Imbalances
Hyperparathyroidism: Rare; usually results from parathyroid gland tumorCalcium is drawn out of bones; softening
and deforming bonesHypo “”: usually caused by parathyroid
gland trauma; results in loss of sensation, muscle twitches, convulsionsCan lead to respiratory paralysis and death
Adrenal Gland
Aldosteronism- hypersecretion; hypertension and accelerated expulsion of potassium
Addision’s disease- hyposecretion of gluccocorticoids and mineralcoritcoids Can lead to muscle weakness and paralysis
Excessive gluccocorticoid hormone
Cushing’s disease- ACTH releasing pituitary tumor Persistent hyperglycemia, loss of muscle
and bone protein; water and salt retention Physical signs- swollen face, fat deposits in
abdomen and posterior neck
Excessive Gonadocorticoids
Causes androgenital syndrome- (masculinization) Males mature rapidlyFemales develop a beard, excessive body
hair, and development of male sex organ
Diabetes mellitus
Results from hyper or hyposecretion of insulin
3 signs of DMPolyuria-large urine output Polydipsia- excessive thirst Polyphagia- excessive hunger
Hypoglycemia- low sugar levels