Endocrine System - for Nurses Review
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Transcript of Endocrine System - for Nurses Review
7/28/2019 Endocrine System - for Nurses Review
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Prepared by:
Johnny M. Albarico M.E., R.N., U.S.R.N.
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A series of glands that function
individually or conjointly incontrolling metabolic activities
Automatically regulate various body
processes Release chemical signals: HORMONE
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ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
Functions:
Maintenance and regulation of vitalfunctions
Response to stress and injury
Growth and development
Energy metabolism
Reproduction
Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-basebalance
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Structures of the Endocrine System
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Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is the master gland.
It is located at the base of the brain.
It is influenced by the hypothalamus.
It affects the function of the otherendocrine glands.
It promotes growth of body tissue.
It influences water absorption by thekidney.
It controls sexual development andfunction.
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Anterior Pituitary Gland
Growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Prolactin Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH)
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Posterior Pituitary Gland
Oxytocin
stimulates the smooth muscle of theuterus and induces contraction of the
myocardium. Promotes milk letdown.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Primarily responsible for the reabsorptionof water by the kidneys.
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Adrenal Gland
One adrenal gland is on top of eachkidney.
It regulates sodium and electrolyte
balance.
It affects carbohydrates, fat, andprotein metabolism.
It influences the development of sexualcharacteristics.
It sustains the “flight or fight” response.
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Adrenal Cortex
The adrenal cortex is the outershell of the adrenal gland.
The adrenal cortex synthesizes: Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
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Adrenal CortexGMA/SSS
G – Glucocorticoids(Sugar) antagonizes insulin and increase blood sugar.
Increase synthesis of glucose by liver
Influenced defense mechanism of the body andits reaction to stress.
M – Mineralocorticoids(Salt)
Regulates reabsorption of sodium
Regulates excretion of potassium
A – Androgens(Sex)
Exert effect on sex characteristics and function
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Adrenal medulla
The medulla is the inner core of the adrenalgland.
The medulla produces:
Epinephrine it increases cardiac output
Facilitate blood flow to muscle, brain, and viscera.
Stimulate conversion of glycogen to glucose.
inhibits smooth muscle contraction.
Norepinephrine
Increases peripheral vascular resistance.
Increases systolic blood pressure.
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Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is located inthe anterior part of the neck.
The thyroid gland controls the
rate of body metabolism andgrowth.
The thyroid gland produces:
thyroxine (T4)triiodothyronine(T3)thyrocalcitonin.
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Parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands aresmall, bean-sized structures
embedded in the posteriorsection of the thyroid gland.
The parathyroid glands control
calcium and phosphorousmetabolism.
The parathyroid glands produce
parathyroid hormone.
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Pancreas
The pancreas is locatedposterior to the stomach.
The pancreas influence
carbohydrate metabolism. The pancreas indirectly
influences fat and proteinmetabolism.
The pancreas producesinsulin and glucagon.
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Ovaries and Testes
Ovaries
The ovaries are located in the pelviccavity.
The ovaries produce estrogen andprogesterone.
Testes
The testes are located in the scrotum.
The testes control the development of the secondary sex characteristics.
The testes produce testosterone.