Ending overly-broad criminalisation of HIV non-disclosure, exposure and transmission
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Ending overly-broad criminalisation of HIV non-disclosure, exposure and
transmission
Patrick EbaHuman Rights and Law Division UNAIDS
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Outline of presentation The problem
Process of guidance note
Content of guidance note
Recent developments
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Current situation on criminalisation of HIV
Source: GNP+ & HJN, 2013
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Problem with current laws and prosecutions
• Disregard for science of HIV– Prosecutions for biting or spitting – Criminalisation of non-disclosure in absence of actual
exposure or transmission– Prosecutions in spite of condom use or low viral load
• Disregard for legal and justice principles– No mental culpability– No proof – Disproportionate penalties
• Negative impact on HIV response
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The need for clearer guidance on criminalisation
• Conflicting judicial decisions on criminalisation
• Legislative processes/changes
• Prosecutorial Guidelines in the United Kingdom
• Growing activism by CSOs, people living with HIV and the voice of criminalisation survivors
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Towards UNAIDS’ guidance note: Reconciling science and law
2010-2012:• 2 research and evidence papers
• Experts Meeting, 31 August – 2 Sept 2011, Geneva
• Policy Consultation, 14-15 Feb 2012, Oslo
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UNAIDS Guidance Note, 2013• Restrict criminal law to
truly blameworthy cases
• Uphold criminal justice principles
• Use best scientific and medical evidence
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Key recommendations • Harm• Risk • Mental culpability • Defences
- Disclosure- Condom use/ low viral load
• Proof • Penalties
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Recent progress
• Legislation
• Courts
• Prosecutorial guidelines
• Engaging scientists
• Renewed activism
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Rosemary and others needs us!
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Thank You!