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Properties of Matter >

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Describing Matter

Describing Matter by using extensive and intensive properties

2.1

Extensive Properties are properties that depend on the amount of matter in a sample. They include mass and volume. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

Intensive properties depend on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. The hardness of a boiling ball is an example of an intensive property.



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Identifying Substances

Identifying Substances

Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

2.1

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

2.1



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States of Matter

States of Matter

What are three states of matter?

__________________

__________________

__________________

2.1

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Solids

A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

2.1

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Liquid

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

2.1

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Gases

A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

2.1

Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.



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Physical Changes

Physical Changes

How can physical changes be classified?

2.1

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

2.1

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

• All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible.

• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

2.1


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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

2.1 Section Quiz.

2.1.


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1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter?

a. temperature

b. color

c. mass

d. hardness

2.1 Section Quiz.


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2.1 Section Quiz.

2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance?

a. all properties of a substance

b. intensive properties

c. chemical properties

d. physical properties


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2.1 Section Quiz.

3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions:

(1) takes the volume and shape of its container

(2) has a definite shape and volume

(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas

b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid

c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

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