End of the Classical Era

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Page 1: End of the Classical Era

CHAPTER 10The End of the Classical Era:

World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

Page 2: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern AsiaII. The Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireIII. The Development and Spread of World Religions

Page 3: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia

A. Decline and Fall in Han ChinaHan recover in 1st century

C.E.

Yellow Turbans184 C.E., revolutionHan falls in 220

Three kingdoms emerge

Buddhism attractiveAttacked by DaoistsSpreads through China by 400

Modified by ChineseInfluences DaoismConfucianism declines

Late 6th centurySui dynasty reunites China

TangSucceed, 618

Asia, c. 600 C.E.

Page 4: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia

B. The End of the Guptas: Decline in India

Chandragupta II

Height of Gupta dynasty

Huns

Invade in 5th century

Control northwest by 500

Gupta dynasty loses power, 550

Harsha

Later Gupta

Rules smaller state briefly

Rajput

Follow Harsha's ruleBuddhism displaced by Hinduism

Devi - mother god

Caste system stronger

Muslim invaders

7th century

Control Indian Ocean by 700

Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period

Page 5: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

A. The Causes of Roman DeclineDecline from late 2nd century C.E.

ChallengesPopulation declining

Army recruitment difficultConquest ceases

Source of slavery endedTax revenues less

Constitutional crisesPlaguesFormer ruling class devoted to

leisureGermanic peoples recruited

Page 6: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

B. The Process of Roman DeclineGreat estates grow

Decline of small farmers

Diocletian (284-305)Reorganization

Economic controlIncreased administration

Constantine (312-337)Capital at ConstantinopleConverts to Christianity

Romulus AugustulusLast western Roman emperorDeposed, 476

Page 7: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

C. Results of the Fall of RomeMediterranean unity ended

Three zones created

Byzantine EmpireGreatest continuity

North Africa, southern MediterraneanSubstantial disruptionRegional kingdomsMuslim and Christian

EuropeGermanic kingdoms emergeCivilization declinesChristian unity

Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions

Page 8: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions

A. Christianity and Buddhism Compared

Commonalities:Focus on spiritualMonastic movementsAfterlifeMahayana

Savior of Chinese BuddhismBodhisattvas and priests

Differences:Christianity

Hierarchy, churchMissionizingExclusive truth

Page 9: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions

B. Early ChristianityJewish reform movement

TenetsOne loving godChrist's sacrifice won afterlife

Paul of TarsusInstrumental in forming Christian

religion

Page 10: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Development and Spread of World ReligionsC. Christianity Gains Ground

Approx. 10% of empire by 300Constantine converts, legalizes

ChristianityWest

Bishops importantChurch inherits secular structure

Doctrinal disputesCouncil of Nicaea, 325

Leo IFirst powerful pope

AugustinePhilosopherImportant in forming Christian

theology

MonasticismImportant in preservation of learningBenedict of Nursia

Benedictine Rule, 6th centuryBasil

Organizes Orthodox monasticism

Page 11: End of the Classical Era

Chapter 10: The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions

D. The New Religious Map

E. In the Wake of Decline and FallChina

Political cohesion

IndiaCulturally unified

Roman EmpireMost affectedLeast continuity


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