1.Encyclopedia of Decision Making and Decision Support Technologies Frdric Adam University College Cork, Ireland Patrick Humphreys London School of Economics and Political Science, UKVolume I A-ImInformatIon ScIence reference Hershey New York

2. Acquisitions Editor: Development Editor: Senior Managing Editor: Managing Editor: Assistant Managing Editor: Copy Editor: Typesetter: Cover Design: Printed at:Kristin Klinger Kristin Roth Jennifer Neidig Sara Reed Carole Coulson, Joy Langel, Jeannie Porter, Holly J. Powell, Shanelle Ramelb Lindsay Bergman, Carole Coulson Lisa Tosheff Yurchak Printing Inc.Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com Web site: http://www.igi-global.com/reference and in the United Kingdom by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.com Copyright 2008 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of decision making and decision support technologies / Frederic Adam and Patrick Humphreys, editors. p. cm. Summary: "This book presents a critical mass of research on the most up-to-date research on human and computer support of managerial decision making, including discussion on support of operational, tactical, and strategic decisions, human vs. computer system support structure, individual and group decision making, and multi-criteria decision making"--Provided by publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-843-7 ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-844-4 1. Decision support systems. 2. Decision making--Encyclopedias. 3. Decision making--Data processing. I. Adam, Frdric. II. Humphreys, Patrick. HD30.213.E527 2008 658.4'03--dc22 2007047369British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is original material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http://www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication. 3. This encyclopedia is dedicated in memory of Ward Edwards and Oleg Larichev, two great pioneers of our discipline 4. Editorial Advisory BoardDavid Arnott Monash University, Australia Frada Burstein Monash University, Australia Sven Carlsson Lund University, Sweden Georgios Doukidis Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece Eleanor Doyle University College Cork, IrelandPeter Gelleri Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Zita Paprika Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary David Paradice Florida State University, USA Jean-Charles Pomerol University Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), France Dan Power University of Northern Iowa, USA DSS Resources.com 5. List of ContributorsAdam, Frdric / University College Cork, Ireland.............................................................426, 922, 930, 950 Aickelin, Uwe / University of Nottingham, UK ....................................................................................554, 645 Angulo Meza, Lidia / Federal Fluminense University, Brazil .....................................................................709 Antunes, Luis / GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ..........................................................716 Ashikhmin, Ilya / Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork, Ireland ....................514 Averweg, Udo Richard / eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ...........218 Balsa, Joo / GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ..............................................................716 Barbosa Diniz, Viviane / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.......................................................184 Beuschel, Werner / Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany ..............................................116 Beynon, Malcolm J. / Cardiff University, UK ........................................................76, 278, 382, 743, 751, 783 Bittmann, Ran M. / Graduate School of Business Administration Bar-Ilan University, Israel ...................296 Borges, Marcos R. S. / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..................................................184, 434 Brena, Ramon / Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico ..............................489 Brzillon, Patrick / University Paris 6, France & Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ............102, 426 Brown, Rex / George Mason University, USA ..............................................................................................141 Bruha, Ivan / McMaster University, Canada ...............................................................................................176 Burstein, F. / Monash University, Australia..................................................................................................638 Butler, Tom / University College Cork, Ireland ...........................................................................................466 Cans, Jos H. / Technical University of Valencia, Spain ............................................................................184 Captivo, Maria Eugnia / Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal .......................................................................53 Carlsson, Sven A. / Lund University, Sweden.........................................................................................38, 848 Carton, Fergal / University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................443 Casado Lumbreras, Cristina / Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain .............................................482 Celia, Helen / University of Leeds, UK .........................................................................................................645 Cervantes, Francisco / Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ....................................455, 680 Chakraborty, Chandana / Montclair State University, USA ........................................................................29 Chen, Qiyang / Montclair State University, USA .................................................................................124, 236 Chen, Zhen / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ..........................................................................253, 958 Chesevar, Carlos / Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina....................................................................489 Chugunov, N. / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ..............................732 Churilov, Leonid / Monash University, Australia ................................................................................245, 496 Clegg, Chris / University of Leeds, UK ........................................................................................................645 Clmaco, Joo Carlos Namorado / Coimbra University, Portugal & INESC Coimbra, Portugal ...........53, 709 Coelho, Helder / GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ........................................................716 Coffey, Seamus / University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................402 Colomo Palacios, Ricardo / Universidad Carlos III, Spain...................................................................46, 482 Cowie, J. / University of Stirling, UK ...........................................................................................................638 6. Crichton, Susan / University of Calgary, Canada........................................................................................865 Cski, Csaba / University College Cork, Ireland .........................................................................................653 Cunningham, Joe / University College Cork, Ireland .................................................................................356 Dargam, Ftima C.C. / SimTech Simulation Technology Graz, Austria & ILTC, Instituto Doris Aragon Rio de Janiero, Brazil ....................................................................................................................374 Davis, Robert A. / Texas State University San Marcos, USA ....................................................................286 DeLuca, Dorrie / University of Delaware, USA ...........................................................................................790 Deokar, Amit V. / Dakota State University, USA ...................................................................................61, 272 Dolgui, A. / Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France .....................................155, 165 Donati, A. / ESA/ESOC, Germany ................................................................................................................391 Doyle, Liam / Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland .............................................................................814 El-Gayar, Omar F. / Dakota State University, USA ...............................................................................61, 272 Elfvengren, Kalle / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.........................................................822 Fernandes, Srgio / Instituto Politcnico de Setbal, Portugal .....................................................................53 Findlay, John / Zing Technologies, Australia ...............................................................................................856 Finnegan, Pat / University College Cork, Ireland ........................................................................................882 Fitzgerald, Robert / University of Canberra, Australia ...............................................................................856 Forgionne, Guisseppi / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ...........320, 329, 455, 680, 892, 939 Furems, Eugenia / Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia............................................................................514 Gachet, Alexandre / University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ...........................................................................93 Garca Crespo, ngel / Universidad Carlos III, Spain ..................................................................................46 Garca de la Cerda, Osvaldo / Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile ...................................................612 Gawinecki, Maciej / Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland .....................798 Gelbard, Roy M. / Graduate School of Business Administration Bar-Ilan University, Israel ..................296 Gelman, Ovsei / Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ...............................................455, 680 Gomes, Jos Orlando / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................184, 434 Gmez Berbs, Juan Miguel / Universidad Carlos III, Spain ...............................................................46, 482 Grundstein, Michel / Dauphine University, France ....................................................................................584 Gudes, Ori / Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel .............................................................................969 Guschinskaya, O. / Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France ................................155 Guschinsky, N. / United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus ...................................................155, 165 Han, Jung Hoon / University of Queensland, Australia...............................................................................691 Handzic, Meliha / Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................134 Hayes, Jeremy / University College Cork, Ireland .......................................................................................882 Holsapple, C. W. / University of Kentucky, USA ..........................................................................................837 Hong, Ju / Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China ..................................................958 Humphreys, Patrick / London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................148, 225 Iafrate, Fernando / Euro Disney SCA, France ............................................................................................584 ndio dos Reis, Marcelo / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .....................................................434 Januszewski, Arkadiusz / University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ...................1, 628 Jones, James D. / Center for Advanced Intelligent Sytems, Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA .................................................................................576, 593 Kale, Hrishikesh S. / K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, India.............................539 Khan, Khaled M. / Qatar University, Qatar ................................................................................................211 Kivijrvi, Hannu / Helsinki School of Economics, Finland.................................................................200, 822 Klein, Michel R. / Information Systems and Decision Science, HEC School of Management, France .......565 Kortelainen, Samuli / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ....................................................822 Kouamou, G. / National High School of Engineering, Cameroon ...............................................................368 Lee, Sang Ho / Hanbat National University, South Korea ...........................................................................691 7. Levin, G. / United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus .............................................................155, 165 Li, Aihua / Montclair State University, USA ................................................................................................410 Li, Heng / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China ...................................................................253, 958 Lin, Chad / Curtin University of Technology, Australia ...............................................................................807 Lin, Koong / Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ......................................................................807 Lu, June / University of Houston Victoria, USA ........................................................................................236 Lumsden, Joanna / National Research Council of Canada, Canada ..........................................................618 Madritsch, Thomas / University for Applied Sciences, Kufstein Tirol, Austria & University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria......................................................................84 May, Michael / University of Applied Sciences, FHTW, Germany.................................................................84 McAvoy, John / University College Cork, Ireland .......................................................................................466 McElroy, Todd / Appalachian State University, USA...................................................................................757 Meredith, Rob / Monash University, Australia ............................................................................................474 Mora, Manuel / Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico ...........................................320, 455, 680 Morantz, Brad / Science Applications International Corporation, USA .....................................................661 Mustamil, Norizah / Curtin University of Technology, Australia ................................................................313 Neiger, Dina / Monash University, Australia ........................................................................................245, 496 Niezette, M. / VEGA IT, Germany.................................................................................................................391 Nunes, I. L. / Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal .....................................................................................528 ODonnell, Peter / Monash University, Australia ........................................................................................474 Ochoa, Sergio F. / Universidad de Chile, Chile .............................................................................................69 Orellana Muermann, Renato / CIGAR Ltda., Chile ...................................................................................612 Ostermann, Herwig / University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria .........84 Ouyang, Huanyu / The Peoples Hospital of Jiangxi Provence, China .........................................................29 Pankowska, Malgorzata / Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland ......................798 Paradice, David / Florida State University, USA .................................................................................192, 286 Pendegraft, Norman / University of Idaho, USA .........................................................................................306 Pereira, R. Marques / Universit degli Studi di Trento, Italy ......................................................................391 Peters, Georg / Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany ..............................................................901 Petrovsky, Alexey / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ................... 418, 514 Pettang, C. / National High School of Engineering, Cameroon ...................................................................368 Phillips-Wren, Gloria E. / Loyola College in Maryland, USA ............................................................320, 505 Piirainen, Kalle / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland............................................................822 Pino, Jos A. / Universidad de Chile, Chile ....................................................................................................69 Pomerol, Jean-Charles / Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ...................................102, 426, 922, 930 Power, Bernadette / University College Cork, Ireland ................................................................................766 Power, Daniel J. / University of Northern Iowa, USA..................................................................................232 Quaddus, Mohammed / Curtin University of Technology, Australia ..........................................................313 Rahimi, Shahram / Southern Illinois University, USA ................................................................................798 Respcio, Ana / Operations Research Center/GUESS/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ..........................716 Ribeiro, R. A. / UNINOVA CA3, Portugal .........................................................................................391, 528 Rine, David C. / George Mason University, USA .........................................................................................339 Rosenthal-Sabroux, Camille / Dauphine University, France......................................................................584 Rounds, Mark / University of Idaho, USA ...................................................................................................306 Russell, Stephen / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ...........................................329, 892, 939 Ryan, Geraldine / University College Cork, Ireland....................................................................402, 724, 776 Sammon, David / University College Cork, Ireland ....................................................................348, 910, 916 Saygin, Omur / Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey ..................................................................................699 Scheuerer, Stephan / Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Technologies for the Logistics Service Industries ATL, Germany ...................................................................................................604 8. Schlueter Langdon, Chris / Center for Telecom Management, University of Southern California, USA...668 Serra, P. / UNINOVA CA3, Portugal..........................................................................................................391 Shepelyov, G. / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ..............................732 Shinnick, Edward / University College Cork, Ireland .........................................................................724, 776 Siebers, Peer-Olaf / University of Nottingham, UK .............................................................................554, 645 Soares de Mello, Joo Carlos / Federal Fluminense University, Brazil......................................................709 Sprague, Ralph / University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ................................................................................93 Stanek, Stanislaw / Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland .................................798 Staudinger, Roland / University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria ..........84 Steel, R. / VEGA IT, Germany .......................................................................................................................391 Sternin, Michael / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia .................514, 732 Strand, Mattias / University of Skvde, Sweden ..........................................................................................848 Sun, Szu-Li / The University of Reading, UK ...............................................................................................253 Tuominen, Markku / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland .............................................200, 822 Valacich, Joseph S. / Washington State University, USA .............................................................................790 Vasant, Pandian / Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia ........................................................................539 Wang, Dajin / Montclair State University, USA ...........................................................................................410 Wang, John / Montclair State University, USA ......................................................................29, 124, 236, 410 Whalen, Thomas / Georgia State University, USA ......................................................................................661 Wood, Margaret W. / George Mason University, USA ................................................................................339 Woodworth, Simon / University College Cork, Ireland...............................................................................356 Xu, Qian / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ..............................................................................253, 958 Yaniv, Hanan / University of Calgary, Canada ....................................................................................865, 872 Yao, James / Montclair State University, USA......................................................................................124, 236 Yigitcanlar, Tan / Queensland University of Technology, Australia ............................................691, 699, 969 Zarat, Pascale / Universit de Toulouse INPT IRIT, France ................................................................109 Zhang, G. Peter / Georgia State University, USA ........................................................................................661 Zoltay Paprika, Zita / Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary ...............................................................20 9. Contents by VolumeVOLUME I Activity-Based Costing System for a Small Manufacturing Company: A Case Study / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ..............................1 Analysis and Intuition in Strategic Decision Making: The Case of California / Zita Zoltay Paprika, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary .....................................................................20 Analytic Hierarchy Process: Structuring, Measurement, and Synthesis, The / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Chandana Chakraborty, Montclair State University, USA; and Huanyu Ouyang, The Peoples Hospital of Jianxi Provence, China ..........................................................29 Attention-Based View on DSS, An / Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden............................................38 Balanced Scorecard Concepts, Technology, and Applications / Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; and ngel Garca Crespo, Universidad Carlos III, Spain .................................................................................46 Bi-Criteria DSS Dedicated to Location Problems, A / Maria Eugnia Captivo, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; and Srgio Fernandes, Instituto Politcnico de Setbal, Portugal....................................................................53 Business Process Management Systems for Supporting Individual and Group Decision Making / Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA and Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA............61 Challenges for Decision Support in Urban Disaster Scenarios / Sergio F. Ochoa, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Jos A. Pino, Universidad de Chile, Chile ........................................................................................69 Classification and Ranking Belief Simplex / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...............................76 Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) as a New Branch of Decision Making Technologies Support in the Field of Facility Management / Thomas Madritsch, University forApplied Sciences Kufstein Tirol, Austria, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; Michael May, University of Applied Sciences, FHTW, Germany; Herwig Ostermann, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; and Roland Staudinger, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria........................................................................84 10. Context in Decision Support Systems Development / Alexandre Gachet, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA and Ralph Sprague, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ..........................................................93 Contextualization in Decision Making and Decision Support / Patrick Brzillon, University Paris 6, France & Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ....................................................................................................................................102 Cooperative Decision Support Systems / Pascale Zarat, Universit de Toulouse INPT IRIT, France .......109 Dashboards for Management / Werner Beuschel, Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany....... 116 Data Warehousing for Decision Support / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; and Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA..................................124 Debiasing Decision Makers Through Knowledge Management / Meliha Handzic, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina ..........................................................................................134 Decision Aiding Research Needs / Rex Brown, George Mason University, USA............................................141 Decision Hedgehog: Group Communication and Decision Support, The / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................................................................148 Decision Making and Support Tools for Design of Machining Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; O. Guschinskaya, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus....................................................................155 Decision-Making and Support Tools for Design of Transmission Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus....................................165 Decision Making by a Multiple-Rule Classifier: The Role of Rule Qualities / Ivan Bruha, McMaster University, Canada ..........................................................................................................................................176 Decision Making Support in Emergency Response / Viviane Barbosa Diniz, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos H. Cans, Technical University of Valencia, Spain ...........................................................................................................................184 Decision Support and Problem Formulation Activity / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA .......192 Decision Support System for Evaluation of Investments in a Computer-Integrated Production System, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland and Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ...................................................................................................................200 11. Decision Support System for Selecting Secure Web Services, A / Khaled M. Khan, Qatar University, Qatar ................................................................................................................................................................ 211 Decision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes / Udo Richard Averweg, eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ........................................................................218 Decision Support Systems and Representation Levels in the Decision Spine / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................................................................225 Decision Support Systems Concept / Daniel J. Power, University of Northern Iowa, USA............................232 Development and Design Methodologies in DWM / James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA; and June Lu, University of Houston Victoria, USA .............................................................................................236 Diagrammatic Decision-Support Modeling Tools in the Context of Supply Chain Management / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia ..................245 Disaster-Oriented Assessment of Urban Clusters for Locating Production Systems in China, The / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; and Szu-Li Sun, The University of Reading, UK .........253 Distributed Model Management: Current Status and Future Directions / Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA and Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA .....................................................272 DS/AHP / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...................................................................................278 DSS and Multiple Perspectives of Complex Problems / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA and Robert A. Davis, Texas State University San Marcos, USA ...................................................................286 DSS Using Visualization of Multi-Algorithms Voting / Ran M. Bittmann, Gradutate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel and Roy M. Gelbard, Graduate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel ................................................................................................................................................................296 Dynamic System Simulation for Decision Support / Norman Pendegraft, University of Idaho, USA and Mark Rounds, University of Idaho, USA...................................................................................................306 Ethical Decision Making: A Critical Assessment and an Integrated Model / Norizah Mustamil, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Mohammed Quaddus, Curtin University of Technology, Australia...........................................................................................................................................................313 Evaluation of Decision-Making Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA; Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; and Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA.............................................................................................320 12. Evaluation of Decision-Making Support Systems Functionality, The / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ....................................................................................................................................329 Exploring the Risks That Affect Community College Decision Makers / Margaret W. Wood, George Mason University, USA and David C. Rine, George Mason University, USA .................................................339 Extended Model of Decision Making: A Devils Advocate Workshop, An / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................................................................348 Facilitation of Supply Chain Decision Processes in SMEs, Using Information Systems / Simon Woodworth, University College Cork, Ireland and Joe Cunningham, University College Cork, Ireland.......356 Federative Approach of Decision-Making Aid in Urban Development, A / G. Kouamou, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon and C. Pettang, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon .........368 Finite-Base Revision Supporting Knowledge Management and Decision Making / Ftima C.C. Dargam, SimTech Simulation Technology Graz, Austria & ILTC, Instituto Doris Aragon Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..........374 Fuzzy Decision Trees / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ..............................................................382 Fuzzy Thermal Alarm System for Venus Express / P. Serra, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. Marques Pereira, Universit degli Studi di Trento, Italy; R. Steel, VEGA IT, Germany; M. Niezette, VEGA IT, Germany; and A. Donati, ESA / ESOC, Germany.......391 Games of Strategy / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Seamus Coffey, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................................................402 Goal Programming and Its Variants / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Dajin Wang, Montclair State University, USA; and Aihua Li, Montclair State University, USA .........................................410 Group Verbal Decision Analysis / Alexey Petrovsky, Insitute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...........................................................................................................................418 How Groupware Systems Can Change How an Organisation Makes Decisions: A Case Study in the Publishing Industry / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland; Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France; and Patrick Brzillon, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ..............................................................................................................................................................426 Identifying Resilient Actions in Decision Making During Emergencies / Marcelo ndio dos Reis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ............................................434 Impact on Decsion Making of Centralisation in a Multi-National Manfacturing Company: The Materials Purchasing Function, The / Fergal Carton, University College Cork, Ireland ........................443 13. Implementation of Large-Scale Decision-Making Support Systems: Problems, Findings, and Challenges, The / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ..........455VOLUME II Ineffective Decision Making in Adopting an Agile Software Development Methodology / John McAvoy, University College Cork, Ireland and Tom Butler, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................466 Influence Diagrams as a Tool for Decision Support System Design / Peter ODonnell, Monash University, Australia and Rob Meredith, Monash University, Australia .........................................................474 Influence of Emotions in Making Hard Decisions in Organizational Contexts, The / Cristina Casado Lumbreras, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; and Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ........482 Information Distribution Decisions Supported by Argumentation / Ramon Brena, Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico and Carlos Chesevar, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina ..........................................................................................................................................................489 Integration of Diagrammatic Business Modeling Tools / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia .......................................................................................496 Intelligent Agents in Decision Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA.................................................................................................................................................505 Intelligent DSS Under Verbal Decision Analysis / Ilya Ashikhmin, Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork, Ireland; Eugenia Furems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Alexey Petrovsky, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...........................................................514 Interfaces Usability for Monitoring Systems / R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal and I. L. Nunes, Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal ..............................................................................................................528 Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Linear Programming / Pandian Vasant, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia and Hrishikesh S. Kale, K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, India .................................................................................................................................................................539 Introduction to Multi-Agent Simulation / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK and Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK ..................................................................................................554 Knowledge Based DSS / Michel R. Klein, Information Systems and Decision Science, HEC School of Management, France .......................................................................................................................................565 14. Knowledge Representation to Empower Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems, Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA ..........576 Knowledge Worker Desktop Model (KWDM) Applied to Decision Support System, A / Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Dauphine University, France; Michel Grundstein, Dauphine University, France; and Fernando Iafrate, Euro Disney SCA, France ...........................................................................................584 Logic Programming Languages for Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems,Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA.............................593 Metaheuristics: Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Optimization Problems / Stephan Scheuerer, Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Technologies for the Logistics Service Industries ATL, Germany...........................................................................................................................................................604 Metasystemic Re-Engineering: An Organizational Intervention / Osvaldo Garca de la Cerda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile and Renato Orellana Muermann, CIGAR Ltda., Chile ..................612 Method for Systematic Artifact Selection Decision Making, A / Joanna Lumsden, National Research Council of Canada, Canada ............................................................................................................................618 Method of Appraising Needs and Possibilities of Activity-Based Costing Implementation, The / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ..........................628 Mobile Decision Support for Time-Critical Decision Making / F. Burstein, Monash University, Australia and J. Cowie, University of Stirling, UK ........................................................................................638 Multi-Agent Simulation and Management Practices / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK; Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK; Helen Celia, University of Leeds, UK; and Chris Clegg, University of Leeds, UK ...................................................................................................................................645 Mythical Decision Maker: Models of Roles in Decision Making, The / Csaba Cski, University College Cork, Ireland ....................................................................................................................................................653 Neural Network Time Series Forecasting Using Recency Weighting / Brad Morantz, Science Applications International Corporation, USA; Thomas Whalen, Georgia State University, USA; and G. Peter Zhang, Georgia State University, USA.........................................................................................................................661 Next Generation Analytics and Dynamic Decision Support: AutoMarketSIM and Vehicle Sales Decay Navigation / Chris Schlueter Langdon, Center for Telecom Management,University of Southern California, USA................................................................................................................................................668 On Frameworks and Architectures for Intelligent Decision-Making Support Systems / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico......................................................680 15. Online Environmental Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Jung Hoon Han, University of Queensland, Australia; and Sang Ho Lee, Hanbat National University, South Korea ...................................................................................................................................691 Online Urban Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Omur Saygin, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey .................................................................................699 Performance Measurement: From DEA to MOLP / Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University, Portugal & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; Joo Carlos Soares de Mello, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil; and Lidia Angulo Meza, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil ........................................................709 Policy Decision Support Through Social Simulation / Luis Antunes, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Ana Respcio, Operations Research Center/GUESS/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Balsa, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; and Helder Coelho, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, ....................................................................................716 Power of Incentives in Decision Making, The / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland........................................................................................724 Probabilistic Methods for Uncertainty Quantification / N. Chugunov,Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; G. Shepelyov, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...............................................................................................................................................732 PROMETHEE / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK .........................................................................743 Qualitative Comparative Analysis / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...........................................751 Rational Decision Making, Dual Processes, and Framing: Current Thoughts and Perspectives / Todd McElroy, Appalachian State University, USA .........................................................................................757 Real Options Reasoning as a Tool for Managerial Decision Making / Bernadette Power, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................................................766 Role of Information in Decision Making, The / Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland and Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland ..................................................................................776 Rough Set Theory / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ....................................................................783 Situational Synchronicity for Decision Support / Dorrie DeLuca, University of Delaware, USA and Joseph S. Valacich, Washington State University, USA ...................................................................................790 Software Agents / Stanislaw Stanek, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; Maciej Gawinecki, Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Malgorzata Pankowska, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; and Shahram Rahimi, Southern Illinois University, USA ....................................................................................................................798 16. Study of Information Requirement Determination Process of an Executive Information System, A / Chad Lin, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Koong Lin, Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ...............................................................................................................................................807 Supply Chain Information Systems and Decision Support / Liam Doyle, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland ..........................................................................................................................................814 Support System for the Strategic Scenario Process, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland; Kalle Piirainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Samuli Kortelainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; and Kalle Elfvengren, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ....................822 Supporting Decisional Episodes / C. W. Holsapple, University of Kentucky, USA .........................................837 Syndicate Date Suppliers: Their Business Environment, the Industry, and Their Core Business Process / Mattias Strand, University of Skvde, Sweden and Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden........848 Team Learning Systems as a Collaborative Technology for Rapid Knowledge Creation / Robert Fitzgerald, University of Canberra, Australia and John Findlay, Zing Techologies, Australia......................856 ThinkClick: A Case Study of a Large Group Decision Supporrt System (LGDSS) / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada and Susan Crichton, University of Calgary, Canada ....................................865 ThinkTeam: GDSS Methodology and Technology as a Collaborative Learning Task / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada ........................................................................................................................872 Towards a Framework for Assisting Decision-Makers Assess the Potential of E-Business Models / Pat Finnegan, University College Cork, Ireland and Jeremy Hayes, University College Cork, Ireland ........882 Unambiguous Goal Seeking Through Mathematical Modeling / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ..........892 Uncertainty and Vagueness Concepts in Decision Making / Georg Peters, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany .............................................................................................................................901 Understanding Non-Decision Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ...........................910 Understanding Sense-Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland .......................................916 Understanding the Influence of Context on Organisational Decision Making / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ........922 Understanding the Legacy of Herbert Simon to Decision Support Systems / Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ................930 17. Use of Simulation as an Experimental Methodology for DMSS Research, The / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ....................................................................................................................................939 Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................................................................950 Web-Based Decision Support for Knowledge Sharing and Management in Intelligence Buildings Assessment / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Ju Hong, Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; and Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK ............................................................................................958 Web-Based Public Participatory GIS / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Ori Gudes, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel ...........................................................................969 18. Contentsby KeywordActivity-Based Costing Implementation Method of Appraising Needs and Possibilities of Activity-Based Costing Implementation, The / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ..........................628 Activity-Based Costing Systems Activity-Based Costing System for a Small Manufacturing Company: A Case Study / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ..............................1 Adoption Decisions Ineffective Decision Making in Adopting an Agile Software Development Methodology / John McAvoy, University College Cork, Ireland and Tom Butler, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................466 AHP / Multi-Criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process: Structuring, Measurement, and Synthesis, The / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Chandana Chakraborty, Montclair State University, USA; and Huanyu Ouyang, The Peoples Hospital of Jianxi Provence, China ..........................................................29 Attention-Based View Attention-Based View on DSS, An / Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden............................................38 Balance Scorecard Balanced Scorecard Concepts, Technology, and Applications / Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; and ngel Garca Crespo, Universidad Carlos III, Spain .................................................................................46 Business Intelligence Analytics Next Generation Analytics and Dynamic Decision Support: AutoMarketSIM and Vehicle Sales Decay Navigation / Chris Schlueter Langdon, Center for Telecom Management,University of Southern California, USA................................................................................................................................................668 Business Process Management Systems Business Process Management Systems for Supporting Individual and Group Decision Making / Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA and Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA............61 19. CaRBS Classification and Ranking Belief Simplex / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...............................76 Centralisation of Decision Making Impact on Decsion Making of Centralisation in a Multi-National Manfacturing Company: The Materials Purchasing Function, The / Fergal Carton, University College Cork, Ireland ........................434 Classification of DSS Decision Support Systems Concept / Daniel J. Power, University of Northern Iowa, USA............................232 CLEHES Metasystemic Re-Engineering: An Organizational Intervention / Osvaldo Garca de la Cerda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile and Renato Orellana Muermann, CIGAR Ltda., Chile ..................612 Collaboration Team Learning Systems as a Collaborative Technology for Rapid Knowledge Creation / Robert Fitzgerald, University of Canberra, Australia and John Findlay, Zing Techologies, Australia......................856 Collaborative Decision Making Cooperative Decision Support Systems / Pascale Zarat, Universit de Toulouse INPT IRIT, France .......109 Complex Decision Making DSS and Multiple Perspectives of Complex Problems / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA and Robert A. Davis, Texas State University San Marcos, USA ...................................................................286 Context in Decision Making Understanding the Influence of Context on Organisational Decision Making / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ........922 Contextualization for Decision Making Contextualization in Decision Making and Decision Support / Patrick Brzillon, University Paris 6, France & Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ....................................................................................................................................102 Data Warehousing Data Warehousing for Decision Support / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; and Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA..................................124 Data Warehousing Design and Development Development and Design Methodologies in DWM / James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA; and June Lu, University of Houston Victoria, USA .............................................................................................236 Debiasing and Decision Making Debiasing Decision Makers Through Knowledge Management / Meliha Handzic, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina ..........................................................................................134 20. Decision Makers Mythical Decision Maker: Models of Roles in Decision Making, The / Csaba Cski, University College Cork, Ireland ....................................................................................................................................................653 Decision Making and Decision Support Concepts Decision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes / Udo Richard Averweg, eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ........................................................................218 Decision Making Support System Evaluation Evaluation of Decision Making Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA, Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico, and Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA .......................................................320 Decisional Episodes Supporting Decisional Episodes / C. W. Holsapple, University of Kentucky, USA .........................................837 Decision-Hedgehog Decision Hedgehog: Group Communication and Decision Support, The / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................................................................148 Diagramming for Supply Chain Management Integration of Diagrammatic Business Modeling Tools / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia .......................................................................................496 Diagramming for Supply Chain Management Diagrammatic Decision-Support Modeling Tools in the Context of Supply Chain Management / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia ..................245 Digital Dashboards Dashboards for Management / Werner Beuschel, Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany.......116 Distributed Model Management Distributed Model Management: Current Status and Future Directions / Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA and Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA .....................................................272 DS / AHP DS/AHP / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...................................................................................278 DSS Development Context in Decision Support Systems Development / Alexandre Gachet, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA and Ralph Sprague, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ..........................................................93 Emergency Decision Making Support in Emergency Response / Viviane Barbosa Diniz, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos H. Cans, Technical University of Valencia, Spain ...........................................................................................................................184 21. Emergency Management Challenges for Decision Support in Urban Disaster Scenarios / Sergio F. Ochoa, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Jos A. Pino, Universidad de Chile, Chile ........................................................................................69 Emergency Response Identifying Resilient Actions in Decision Making During Emergencies / Marcelo ndio dos Reis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ............................................457 Emotions in Decision Making Influence of Emotions in Making Hard Decisions in Organizational Contexts, The / Cristina Casado Lumbreras, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; and Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ........482 Equivocality in Decision Making Finite-Base Revision Supporting Knowledge Management and Decision Making / Ftima C.C. Dargam, SimTech Simulation Technology Graz, Austria & ILTC, Instituto Doris Aragon Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..........374 Ethical Decision Making Ethical Decision Making: A Critical Assessment and an Integrated Model / Norizah Mustamil, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Mohammed Quaddus, Curtin University of Technology, Australia...........................................................................................................................................................313 Evaluation of DMSS Evaluation of Decision-Making Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA; Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; and Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA.............................................................................................329 Executive Information Systems (EIS) Study of Information Requirement Determination Process of an Executive Information System, A / Chad Lin, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Koong Lin, Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ...............................................................................................................................................807 Facility Management Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) as a New Branch of Decision Making Technologies Support in the Field of Facility Management / Thomas Madritsch, University forApplied Sciences Kufstein Tirol, Austria, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; Michael May, University of Applied Sciences, FHTW, Germany; Herwig Ostermann, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; and Roland Staudinger, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria........................................................................84 Forecasting (DSS for) Neural Network Time Series Forecasting Using Recency Weighting / Brad Morantz, Science Applications International Corporation, USA; Thomas Whalen, Georgia State University, USA; and G. Peter Zhang, Georgia State University, USA.........................................................................................................................661 22. Framing-Effect Rational Decision Making, Dual Processes, and Framing: Current Thoughts and Perspectives / Todd McElroy, Appalachian State University, USA .........................................................................................757 Fuzzy Decision Trees Fuzzy Decision Trees / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ..............................................................382 Fuzzy Inference Systems Fuzzy Thermal Alarm System for Venus Express / P. Serra, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. Marques Pereira, Universit degli Studi di Trento, Italy; R. Steel, VEGA IT, Germany; M. Niezette, VEGA IT, Germany; and A. Donati, ESA / ESOC, Germany.......391 Fuzzy Linear Programming Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Linear Programming / Pandian Vasant, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia and Hrishikesh S. Kale, K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, India .................................................................................................................................................................539 Game Theory Games of Strategy / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Seamus Coffey, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................................................402 Goal Programming Goal Programming and Its Variants / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Dajin Wang, Montclair State University, USA; and Aihua Li, Montclair State University, USA .........................................410 Goal Seeking Unambiguous Goal Seeking Through Mathematical Modeling / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ..........892 Group Decision Support Systems ThinkTeam: GDSS Methodology and Technology as a Collaborative Learning Task / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada ........................................................................................................................872 Group Decision Support Systems for Large Groups ThinkClick: A Case Study of a Large Group Decision Supporrt System (LGDSS) / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada and Susan Crichton, University of Calgary, Canada ....................................865 Group Verbal Decision Analysis Group Verbal Decision Analysis / Alexey Petrovsky, Insitute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...........................................................................................................................418 Groupware How Groupware Systems Can Change How an Organisation Makes Decisions: A Case Study in the Publishing Industry / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland; Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France; and Patrick Brzillon, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ..............................................................................................................................................................426 23. Heuristics for Decision Support Metaheuristics: Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Optimization Problems / Stephan Scheuerer, Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Technologies for the Logistics Service Industries ATL, Germany...........................................................................................................................................................604 iDMSS On Frameworks and Architectures for Intelligent Decision-Making Support Systems / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico......................................................680 Incentives Power of Incentives in Decision Making, The / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland........................................................................................724 Influence Diagrams Influence Diagrams as a Tool for Decision Support System Design / Peter ODonnell, Monash University, Australia and Rob Meredith, Monash University, Australia .........................................................474 Information (Role of) Role of Information in Decision Making, The / Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland and Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland ..................................................................................776 Intelligent Agents Intelligent Agents in Decision Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA.................................................................................................................................................505 Investment Evaluation (a DSS for) Decision Support System for Evaluation of Investments in a Computer-Integrated Production System, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland and Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ...................................................................................................................200 Knowledge Management Information Distribution Decisions Supported by Argumentation / Ramon Brena, Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico and Carlos Chesevar, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina ..........................................................................................................................................................489 Knowledge Representation Knowledge Representation to Empower Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems, Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA ..........576 Knowledge Worker Desktops Model (KWDM) Knowledge Worker Desktop Model (KWDM) Applied to Decision Support System, A / Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Dauphine University, France; Michel Grundstein, Dauphine University, France; and Fernando Iafrate, Euro Disney SCA, France ...........................................................................................584 24. Knowledge-Based DSS Knowledge Based DSS / Michel R. Klein, Information Systems and Decision Science, HEC School of Management, France .......................................................................................................................................565 Large-Scale Decision-Making Support Systems Implementation of Large-Scale Decision-Making Support Systems: Problems, Findings, and Challenges, The / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ..........446 Levels of Representation of Decision Problems Decision Support Systems and Representation Levels in the Decision Spine / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................................................................225 Location Analysis Bi-Criteria DSS Dedicated to Location Problems, A / Maria Eugnia Captivo, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; and Srgio Fernandes, Instituto Politcnico de Setbal, Portugal....................................................................53 Location DSS Disaster-Oriented Assessment of Urban Clusters for Locating Production Systems in China, The / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; and Szu-Li Sun, The University of Reading, UK .........253 Logic Programming Languages Logic Programming Languages for Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems,Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA.............................593 Methods for Decision Support Method for Systematic Artifact Selection Decision Making, A / Joanna Lumsden, National Research Council of Canada, Canada ............................................................................................................................618 Mobile Decision Support for Time-Critical Decision Making Mobile Decision Support for Time-Critical Decision Making / F. Burstein, Monash University, Australia and J. Cowie, University of Stirling, UK ........................................................................................638 Models Towards a Framework for Assisting Decision-Makers Assess the Potential of E-Business Models / Pat Finnegan, University College Cork, Ireland and Jeremy Hayes, University College Cork, Ireland ........882 Multicriteria DEA Performance Measurement: From DEA to MOLP / Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University, Portugal & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; Joo Carlos Soares de Mello, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil; and Lidia Angulo Meza, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil ........................................................709 25. Multi-Agent Simulation Introduction to Multi-Agent Simulation / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK and Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK ..................................................................................................554 Multi-Agent Simulation and Modeling Multi-Agent Simulation and Management Practices / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK; Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK; Helen Celia, University of Leeds, UK; and Chris Clegg, University of Leeds, UK ...................................................................................................................................645 Network Analysis Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................................................................950 Non-Decision Making Understanding Non-Decision Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ...........................910 Online Environmental Information Systems Online Environmental Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Jung Hoon Han, University of Queensland, Australia; and Sang Ho Lee, Hanbat National University, South Korea ...................................................................................................................................691 Online Urban Information Systems Online Urban Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Omur Saygin, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey .................................................................................699 Organisational Self-Assessment Extended Model of Decision Making: A Devils Advocate Workshop, An / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................................................................348 Problem Formulation Decision Support and Problem Formulation Activity / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA .......192 PROMETHEE PROMETHEE / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK .........................................................................743 Qualitative Comparative Analysis Qualitative Comparative Analysis / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...........................................751 Real Options Reasoning Real Options Reasoning as a Tool for Managerial Decision Making / Bernadette Power, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................................................766 Research Needs for Decision Support Decision Aiding Research Needs / Rex Brown, George Mason University, USA............................................141 26. Risks in Decision Making Exploring the Risks That Affect Community College Decision Makers / Margaret W. Wood, George Mason University, USA and David C. Rine, George Mason University, USA .................................................339 Rough Set Theory Rough Set Theory / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ....................................................................783 Rule Quality Decision Making by a Multiple-Rule Classifier: The Role of Rule Qualities / Ivan Bruha, McMaster University, Canada ..........................................................................................................................................176 Security Aware Web Services Decision Support System for Selecting Secure Web Services, A / Khaled M. Khan, Qatar University, Qatar ................................................................................................................................................................211 Sense-Making Understanding Sense-Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland .......................................916 Simon, Herbert Understanding the Legacy of Herbert Simon to Decision Support Systems / Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ................930 Simulation Use of Simulation as an Experimental Methodology for DMSS Research, The / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ....................................................................................................................................939 Social Simulation for Policy Decisions Policy Decision Support Through Social Simulation / Luis Antunes, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Ana Respcio, Operations Research Center/GUESS/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Balsa, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; and Helder Coelho, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.......................................................................................716 Software Agents Software Agents / Stanislaw Stanek, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; Maciej Gawinecki, Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Malgorzata Pankowska, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; and Shahram Rahimi, Southern Illinois University, USA ....................................................................................................................798 Strategic Decision Making Analysis and Intuition in Strategic Decision Making: The Case of California / Zita Zoltay Paprika, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary .....................................................................20 27. Strategic Decision Making (a DSS for) Support System for the Strategic Scenario Process, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland; Kalle Piirainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Samuli Kortelainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; and Kalle Elfvengren, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ....................822 Supply Chain Information and Decision Systems Supply Chain Information Systems and Decision Support / Liam Doyle, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland ..........................................................................................................................................814 Suppy Chain Management Decisions Facilitation of Supply Chain Decision Processes in SMEs, Using Information Systems / Simon Woodworth, University College Cork, Ireland and Joe Cunningham, University College Cork, Ireland.......356 Synchronicity Situational Synchronicity for Decision Support / Dorrie DeLuca, University of Delaware, USA and Joseph S. Valacich, Washington State University, USA ...................................................................................790 Syndicate Data Syndicate Date Suppliers: Their Business Environment, the Industry, and Their Core Business Process / Mattias Strand, University of Skvde, Sweden and Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden........848 System Dynamics Dynamic System Simulation for Decision Support / Norman Pendegraft, University of Idaho, USA and Mark Rounds, University of Idaho, USA...................................................................................................306 Tools for Decision Support Decision Making and Support Tools for Design of Machining Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; O. Guschinskaya, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus....................................................................155 Tools for Decision Support Decision-Making and Support Tools for Design of Transmission Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus....................................165 Uncertainty in Decision Making Uncertainty and Vagueness Concepts in Decision Making / Georg Peters, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany .............................................................................................................................901 Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation Probabilistic Methods for Uncertainty Quantification / N. Chugunov,Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; G. Shepelyov, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...............................................................................................................................................732 28. Urban Development Decision Making Federative Approach of Decision-Making Aid in Urban Development, A / G. Kouamou, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon and C. Pettang, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon .........368 User-Friendly Interfaces Interfaces Usability for Monitoring Systems / R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal and I. L. Nunes, Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal ..............................................................................................................528 Verbal Decision Analysis Intelligent DSS Under Verbal Decision Analysis / Ilya Ashikhmin, Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork, Ireland; Eugenia Furems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Alexey Petrovsky, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...........................................................514 Visualisation Tools for Decision Making DSS Using Visualization of Multi-Algorithms Voting / Ran M. Bittmann, Gradutate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel and Roy M. Gelbard, Graduate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel ................................................................................................................................................................296 Visualisation in DSS Web-Based Decision Support for Knowledge Sharing and Management in Intelligence Buildings Assessment / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Ju Hong, Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; and Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK ............................................................................................958 Web-Based GIS Web-Based Public Participatory GIS / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Ori Gudes, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel ...........................................................................969 29. xxixForewordThe compilation work undertaken by Frdric Adam and Patrick Humphreys is destined to have a lasting impact on the discipline of decision support in that it provides a comprehensive survey of the decision making domain, from theory to applications. This encyclopaedia features more than 100 articles written by over one hundred and fifty researchers from 25 countries. One remarkable feature of this work is that for the first time, a broad range of key topics, covering the theoretical bases and important concepts of the domain are presented in a very pedagogical form and in one single book to students and practitioners. At the same time, many applications of the practice of decision making in the business world are presented (multi-criteria decision making, balanced scorecard, influence diagrams). The tools of the trade of decision support are therefore described in the context of their managerial applications, for instance, urban planning, facility management, disaster planning and recovery, etc. Finally and crucially, the practice of decision support cannot be fully and effectively achieved without the seamless integration of information systems in the organisations they are designed to serve. Thus, numerous articles have been included that deal with leading edge intelligent DSS applications, including data warehousing, workflow automation, knowledge management, group communication and decision support, amongst others, all extremely important aspects of the cooperative work that underlies all modern organisations. In the end, one must thank the authors and editors for undertaking this significant venture towards making available to students and managers the requisite tools, both conceptual and practical, for effective decision support. It is without doubt that readers can leverage the material presented in this encyclopaedia for the sustained benefit of their organisations. It is worth restating, in unambiguous terms, that modern management in competitive environments cannot be successful without a finely-tuned and well integrated infrastructure of information and decision support systems. It is one fundamental quality of this book that it provides a demonstration of this reality and also provides the means to concretely tackle it. Lets hope that this ensures the success which this venture deserves. Jean-Charles POMEROL President, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France 30. xxxPrefaceThe field of decision support systems is one of the most enduring in the information systems domain, having emerged in the 1960s, at the beginning of the history of information systems as an area of research, from the pioneering work of Simon, Keen, and Scott Morton amongst many others. Through five decades, this field has continued to attract considerable and increasing attention from researchers and practitioners, under a range of banners. Back in 1991, Teng and Galletta (1991) conducted a survey of IS researchers which showed 32% of respondents listed DSS as their area of research, with a further 22% listing artificial intelligence and 21% database management systems. These three areas, which totalled 281 mentions out of 845 valid responses, were actually the top 3 IS research areas listed by Teng and Galletta. In more recent times, Arnott and Pervans (2006) comprehensive review of the DSS field yielded 1093 research papers published from 1990 to 2004 in 14 major journals, the key journals in a broadly defined IS research area. These papers represented 15.2% of all papers published in the 14 journals. These statistics present a view of DSS as a core area of the IS domain and one with a dynamism well illustrated by the strength of such international groupings as the AIS Special Interest Group on Decision Support, Knowledge and Data Management Systems (SIG DSS), the Working Group 8.3 of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) on DSS and the EURO Working Group on DSS (EWG DSS). Needless to say, researchers from these groupings form a large proportion of the contributors to this encyclopedia. Nertheless, as evidenced by the wide scope of the contibutions presented in the encyclopaedia, and the range of backgrounds and expertise of their authors, the area of DSS can now successfully claim to integrate groundings from a wide range of disciplines, ranging from Operations Research, to Management and to Social Psychology, with excellent, insighful and sometimes fascinating results. Notwithstanding the debates about the best vehicle to study the way organisations work and what kind of systems to develop to support their needs, as illustrated in Morgans (1986) superb Images of Organisations, we stand firm in our belief that thinking of organisations as decision making entities and the systems to support them as decision sup