En EnvStand8 Waste Acceptance Criteria

Environmental Standards

Waste Acceptance Criteria

KSA Presidency of Meteorology and Environment PME Reference

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Page 1 of 14

Article I Preliminary

1) Definitions

basic characterisation constitutes a thorough determination, according to standardised analysis and behaviour testing methods, of the short and long-term leaching behaviour and/or characteristic properties of the waste. biodegradable means capable of being degraded by plants and animals. Competent Agency where referenced, refers to the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment or its designated representative. compliance checking constitutes periodical testing by simpler standardised analysis and behaviour testing methods to determine whether a waste complies with licence conditions and/or specific reference criteria. container is any vessel or receptacle used to hold or transport substances or wastes, including hazardous substances and wastes. disposal means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any waste into or on any land or water so that such waste or any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including ground waters. generator is a commercial or industrial organisation which produces or stores trackable waste and arranges for this waste to be sent for storage, recycling, treatment or disposal at another location via an authorised transporter. GER refers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabias General Environmental Regulations. hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health and the environment. KSA refers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. L:S refers to liquid to solid ratios. on-site verification constitutes rapid check methods to confirm that a waste is the same as that which has been subjected to compliance checking and that which is described in the accompanying documents. parameter shall refer to a chemical, physical or biological measurement factor as listed.

PME refers to the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment who are designated as the responsible authority for the protection of the environment and the development of environmental protection standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. risk assessment is the process of identifying and quantifying a risk and assessing the significance of that risk in relation to other risks. storage means all operations intended to keep or contain wastes and other hazardous, toxic or radioactive substances for the purpose of treatment, transportation or disposal. storage pools are any lined or unlined hole, depression or are naturally or artificially enclosed, consisting mainly of earthy, cement or any other processed materials designated for holding accumulated liquid-containing wastes. tanks are stationary devices, as opposed to portable containers, used to store or treat waste. Tanks can be open topped or completely enclosed, and may be constructed of materials including steel, plastic, fibreglass, and concrete. transporter means a person engaged in the off-site transportation of waste by air, rail, highway or water and is anyone who transports the trackable waste from its place of production or storage to another location. treatment is any means or technique of altering the physical, chemical or biological properties of wastes used to neutralize such wastes; utilize substances or energy contained therein or released by them; and transform the hazardous wastes into wastes that are non-hazardous, less hazardous or safer when transported, stored, disposed of, prepared for storage, or reduced in volume. TSD Facility refers to a treatment, storage and/or a disposal facility. underground storage for the purposes of this Standard is a permanent waste storage facility in a deep geological cavity such as a salt or potassium mine. WAC refers to Waste Acceptance Criteria. WAP refers to Waste Acceptance Procedures. waste generators refers to an individual, group, or organization at a facility which produces waste.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Environmental Standard

Waste Acceptance Criteria



waste handler is a generator, transporter and receiver of waste who has waste responsibilities. waste management unit is a contiguous area of land on or in where there is significant likelihood of mixing hazardous wastes in the same area. waste piles are non-liquid waste accumulations not placed in containers, a landfill or a storage pool. waste receiver is any person operating a facility to which waste is transported for recycling, storage, treatment or disposal. waste tracking is the recording of information from the waste generator about the quantity and type of waste produced; recording information about who transported the waste and when; recording information from the waste receiver about the quantity and type of waste received; and matching information about the waste from both the generator and the receiver.

2) Citation a) This document may be cited as the Waste Acceptance Criteria Standard for KSA. This standard revises the current General Standards for the Environment (specifically document number 1423-01) issued by the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME).

3) Timescales for implementation . a) The effective date of this standard is 01/05/1433H

corresponds to 24/03/2012G.

4) Purpose a) The objective of this standard is to establish the framework for PME to develop waste acceptance criteria for waste generators and TSD facility operators with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of landfills. b) The provisions in this standard are relevant to waste destined for disposal at landfill after consideration of alternative waste management options. c) Acceptance criteria needs to be employed to ensure only certain waste can be disposed of to landfill so as to ensure the protection of human health and the environment. d) Acceptance criteria determine the waste to be diverted from landfill, or categories of landfill, by establishing contaminant thresholds for hazardous and inert landfills to determine which wastes are acceptable for landfilling.

e) This standard outlines a nationally consistent approach for KSA for the disposal of waste to landfill. f) PME is charged with protecting the natural environment and therefore is obliged to issue controls over waste activities in KSA. This standard aims to assist improved control of environmental pollution, protect public health and welfare and minimise the impact upon economic development.

5) Scope a) This standard applies to waste Generators and TSD facility operators. b) This standard extends to all waste types including hazardous, non-hazardous and inert waste.

c) This standard provides Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) and Waste Acceptance Procedures (WAP).

d) Where all the limit values for WAC are met, the waste will be acceptable for final disposal at a hazardous waste landfill site. Where the limit values are not met, then the waste must be treated to bring it within the required acceptance limits or an alternative disposal route must be sought.

e) A waste material identified as a hazardous waste in the Waste Classification Standard will not necessarily be accepted into a hazardous waste landfill. Waste classification and WAC are not linked. The Waste Classification Standard classifies the waste, whereas the WAC Standard defines what class of landfill a waste is eligible for.

f) This standard outlines a nationally consistent approach for KSA for the disposal of waste to landfill. It provides WAC for three classes of landfills (hazardous, non-hazardous and inert), including concentration limits covering a greater range of contaminants than those specified in the Waste Classification Standard.

g) Under this standard, hazardous wastes will only be accepted at hazardous waste landfills after it has been treated or stabilised to minimise hazards and then disposed of at landfills that offer an appropriately high standard of environmental protection. h) There are three kinds of WAC including leaching limit values, limit values for other parameters and a list of inert wastes which may be accepted without testing. i) There are a number of special provisions relating to stable, non-reactive hazardous wastes, asbestos and gypsum wastes, and underground storage.

6) Exemptions



a) Specific exemptions may be specified within this standard at any point where relevant to the Article that they are common to.

7) Powers of Authority

a) Within the scope of these standards the Competent Agency may:

i) Prescribe specific requirements as to the

substances and concentrations of substances that may be present in or absent from such waste within the Kingdom;

ii) prescribe specific requirements at any time

as to other characteristics of waste;

iii) authorise such relaxations or departures from, the waste acceptance criteria standards and make any such authorisation subject to the prescribed conditions, and to modify or revoke any such authorisation or condition; and

iv) authorise a local Concerned Agency to

exercise any power conferred by these regulations by paragraphs i) - iii) above.

b) The Competent Agency may, for the purposes of this Standard, appoint persons to act on their behalf as technical assessors and monitors in relation to the powers and duties conferred on him by this standard and/or its subsequent amendments. c) In addition to the responsibilities conferred by other sections contained within this standard, it shall be the duty of a relevant party;

i) to give the Competent Agency all such assistance; and

ii) to provide the Competent Agency with all such information, as that may reasonably be required for the purpose of carrying out an investigation

d) The Competent Agency or appointed individual for the purpose of waste regulation may:

i) Enter any premises for the purpose of carrying out any investigation. ii) carry out such inspections, measurements and tests on premises entered, articles or records found on any such premises, and take away such samples of waste or articles, as may be considered appropriate for the purpose of enabling such investigation; or iii) at any reasonable time require any relevant party to supply him with copies of, or of extracts from, any records kept for the purpose of

demonstrating compliance with the waste acceptance criteria standard.

e) This standard enables the issue of regulations and technical memoranda which are enforceable by the Competent Agency who hold delegated authority under the General Environmental Regulations.

8) Enforcement a) Failure to comply with the requirements of these standards may lead to prosecution by the Competent Agency and those convicted of such failure may be subject to fines or periods of imprisonment as laid out in the General Environmental Regulations. b) It is anticipated that the requirements of this standard will be enforced nationally with inspections taking place to verify their implementation at a regional and local level.

9) Penalty fines a) Maximum fines that may be imposed for exceeding the applicable standard, breach of permit and failure to comply with an abatement notice are set out in the General Environmental Regulations.

10) Appeals

a) A right of appeal exists for any organisation or individual who is required to take action as a consequence of the implementation of the revised standard. b) The right of appeal against conviction or sentence is available through the appropriate judicial system as set out in the General Environmental Regulations.

c) All appeals should be fully supported with a documented case containing as a minimum, the information required under the appeals process of the General Environmental Regulations.

11) Periodic Review

a) As a minimum, the Competent Agency shall undertake a periodic review of this standard every 5 years. b) Where new information suggests that adjustments are required to this standard, all changes will be subject to the appropriate consultation and will be notified to facilities by the Competent Agency. Appropriate implementation time will be allowed.



Article II Waste Generator Responsibilities

1) General

a) The waste Generator is responsible for ensuring the accuracy of the classification of waste on the Waste Tracking Form as detailed in the Waste Classification Standard and the Waste Regulatory Control and Compliance Standard. b) Waste Generators may commission independent sampling of waste streams or request that the landfill facility operator verify the waste. c) No testing is required for inert waste, other than to demonstrate that the waste is uncontaminated and from a single source, or for treated non-hazardous waste.

2) Waste Analysis Process

a) Generators must undertake a detailed audit of their waste to establish whether the waste;

i) is prohibited from disposal to landfill;

ii) is hazardous and suitable for landfill in its

current condition;

iii) is hazardous and would meet the WAC for dedicated hazardous landfill;

iv) is hazardous and regarded as stable and

non-reactive;

v) will be classified as inert, appears on the WAC lists and does not require testing;

vi) requires testing prior to being certain as to

which class of landfill it can go to; or

vii) has, or may be subject to treatment of some sort.

b) Generators may liaise with the landfill operator to determine what techniques or methods might be available to reduce the hazardousness of the waste such that it is suitable for disposal at the lowest class of landfill possible, if not diverted from landfill completely. c) Develop a sampling and testing regime that gives confidence that the waste is consistent enough for any characterisation information obtained to be a reliable basis for the landfill facility operator to match the waste to the disposal route available. d) Ensure that budgetary provision is made for landfill gate costs and include funds for waste sampling, testing and treatment. e) Once the waste is characterised, the Generator must then consider the ways in which the waste might be managed and disposed, in accordance with

the waste hierarchy of minimisation, reuse, recovery or ultimate disposal (see Material Recovery and Recycling of Waste Standard). If disposal is the only option, the Generator must select the disposal option that avoids or reduces any impact on the environment. f) Where landfill is the only disposal option identified for all or part of the waste, the Generator must consider the appropriate treatment options:

i) identify the landfill that may be able to

accept the treated waste; and ii) establish whether the waste will meet the

relevant WAC. Article III Waste Characterisation 1) Determining the Characteristics of the Waste

a) Basic characterisation of the waste by the Generator or anyone who undertakes operations resulting in a change in the nature or composition of this waste, must determine the key variables in the waste. The final receiving treatment, storage, disposal facility must dictate the compatibility requirements of the waste with his disposal facility. The TSD owner/operator has final authority over the waste classification requirements for shipments to his facility. These are the parameters which determine the wastes potential for environmental impact or harm to health and which ultimately determine which class of landfill may receive it (see Appendix A, Examples of Waste Characterisation Parameters). b) Basic characterisation assesses the variability of the waste and determines the parameters to be assessed by the landfill operator when carrying out compliance checks and on-site verification of the waste on receipt. c) Basic characterisation constitutes a thorough determination, according to standardised analysis and behaviour testing methods, of the short and long-term leaching behaviour and/ or characteristic properties of the waste.

d) Regular waste arisings generated from the same process can be compliance checked for a limited number of parameters where the principle components of the waste can be readily identified. e) Wastes from variable processes, where the process inputs and operational parameters are variable, require more frequent and thorough compliance checks than those from constant processes. f) All one-off arisings of waste generation must be subject to basic characterisation when they occur.



g) Where the original Generator of the waste sends the waste for treatment prior to landfill, the treatment facility operator is then responsible for identifying the characterisation of the waste if its treatment has resulted in a change in the nature or composition of the waste.

Article IV Waste Treatment

1) Waste Treatment Requirements

a) Hazardous waste destined for landfill must be subject to prior treatment, where necessary, to meet the WAC requirements for hazardous waste landfills or non-hazardous landfills as stable, non-reactive hazardous waste. b) A thorough evaluation of the treatment options must be made for non-hazardous waste but may not be required if the treatment would not reduce its quantity or any hazards that it poses to human health or the environment. c) Waste does not require treatment if it is inert waste for which treatment is not technically feasible. Such a decision can only be made following a thorough evaluation of the treatment options. d) Any potential treatment must fulfil two criteria;

i) it must be a physical, thermal, chemical or

biological process including sorting; and ii) it must change the characteristics of the

waste.

e) Any treatment of the waste must result in one of the following objectives being met;

i) reduce its volume;

ii) reduce its hazardous nature; iii) facilitate its handling; or

iv) enhance its recovery.

2) Responsibility for Compliance

a) To ensure that a suitable treatment is provided landfill operators must liaise with waste Generators to confirm;

i) whether the treatment requirement

applies to their landfill;

ii) to establish what treatment has or might have been applied; and

iii) any reasons why treatment is considered

unnecessary.

b) Waste Generators and subsequent treatment facility operators must liaise with landfill operators to establish whether;

i) the waste has been treated;

ii) what treatment has been or might be

applied; or

iii) any reason why it is considered that treatment is not required.

c) Written information regarding treatment must be contained on the Waste Tracking Form in the form of the Waste Receiver Code (see Waste Regulatory Control and Compliance Standard).

3) Satisfying the Criteria for Waste Treatment

a) Sorting is an acceptable process that meets the criteria for treatment of waste as is source segregation, so long as one of the objectives in meeting the criteria is achieved. b) The common treatment of sorting or segregation will not in itself enhance recovery there must be intent to subsequently recover part or all of the waste. It is not acceptable to sort wastes and then landfill all the sorted wastes. c) Where Municipality waste strategies are in place to achieve waste diversion from landfill, it is not necessary to treat the residual municipal waste further. d) The characteristics of the waste are those properties that affect its potential impact on human health or the environment when it has been landfilled. Hence these characteristics must be changed in order to meet one of the objectives of the two criteria requirements. Processes such as compacting household waste in a refuse collection vehicle (or elsewhere) do not change those inherent properties of the waste and thus does not constitute treatment. e) To reduce the hazardous nature of a waste, one or more hazards should be modified or reduced. Alternatively, a waste might be moved to a lesser class of hazard - from corrosive to irritant, or from very toxic to toxic or harmful or from toxic to harmful - or the risk of one or more hazards being realised might be modified or reduced.

f) Some wastes that are landfilled may already be the product of a waste treatment and in such circumstances, it is not necessary to further treat the residue prior to landfill. g) Simple physical dilution, without any concurrent chemical or physio-chemical changes, is not an acceptable treatment process.



Article V Landfill Facility Operator Responsibilities 1) General Requirements

a) When treated waste is consigned to a landfill, the landfill operator must carry out periodic compliance checking to ensure that the waste complies with the relevant WAC. b) The landfill operator must subject each load to on-site verification at the site to ensure that the waste is as described on the Waste Tracking Form by the Generator and that it has not been contaminated in storage or transportation. c) If the waste fails to meet the requirements of WAC, the waste transporter must establish with the Generator whether to deliver the waste to an alternate facility or return the waste to the Generator.

2) Compliance Checking

a) The landfill operator must check that any given waste stream complies with the WAC for the particular landfill facility receiving it for disposal. b) The operator must ensure and demonstrate that only waste is being accepted at the landfill that meets the conditions of the site licence.

3) On-Site Verification

a) The landfill operator must visually inspect every load of waste delivered to the facility. Where practicable, this must be done when a load is uncovered and before it has been unloaded for disposal. b) The landfill operator must check the documentation accompanying the waste. If the waste does not match the description in the Waste Tracking Form, the waste must not be accepted at the site. c) In cases where the variation with the documentation cannot be detected by a visual inspection of the waste, it may be necessary to carry out tests for the variability, such as a pH test or a leaching test, in a dedicated isolation area at the Generators expense. If it is not possible to test the waste, it must be taken to a landfill facility that can accept the suspected variability of the waste, at the Generators expense.

Article VI Landfill Facilities 1) Classes of Landfills

a) Classes of landfills are divided into three categories:

i) Class 1: Hazardous landfills which can only accept waste classified as hazardous and which meet the relevant WAC;

ii) Class 2: Non-hazardous landfills which

may accept any waste which is not hazardous including municipal waste and stable, non-reactive hazardous wastes within a separate cell (see Landfill Design and Operation Standard);

iii) Class 3: Inert landfills may only accept

inert wastes that meet the relevant WAC.

2) Risk Assessment

a) For all classes of landfill, a risk assessment must be carried out by the landfill operator, taking account of the site engineering and leachate and gas management measures (if present), to demonstrate that the acceptance of a waste would meet the following criteria in both the short and long term (post closure);

i) there are no unacceptable emissions to

groundwater and surface water and the surrounding environment;

ii) the environmental protection systems

such as liners, leachate and gas collection and treatment systems at the site are not jeopardised;

iii) waste-stabilisation processes such as

degradation or wash out within the landfill are protected; and

iv) there is no unacceptable risk to human

health.

b) The risk assessment may make it necessary for a particular site to have additional limits to the full WAC due to;

i) the environmental context of the landfill

may be more sensitive than that used for modelling the WAC;

ii) the lining and leachate collection systems

perform differently from those used for modelling the full WAC; and

iii) the waste may have attributes not

covered by the full WAC.

3) Wastes Prohibited From Landfills

a) Any waste in liquid form (as defined in the Waste Classification Standard). A waste that flows slowly rather than near instantaneously into an indentation void is sludge and therefore not prohibited. b) Wastes which are, in the conditions of landfill, explosive, corrosive, oxidising, highly flammable or



flammable (as defined in the Waste Classification Standard). c) Hospital and other clinical wastes from medical or veterinary establishments, which are infectious. d) Chemical substances arising from research and development or teaching activities which are not identified and/or are new and whose effects on man and/or the environment are not known (for example, laboratory residues). e) Whole used tyres, excluding those used as engineering material, and shredded used tyres (excluding in both instances bicycle tyres and those with an outside diameter above 1,400 mm); f) Untreated waste (subject to exceptions detailed in these provisions).

Article VII Hazardous Waste Landfills

1) Hazardous Waste Criteria

a) Hazardous landfills must not accept waste categorised as non-hazardous. b) Suitable inert wastes may be used for hazardous landfills for redevelopment or restoration and filling-in work, or for construction purposes. Inert waste may also be used for daily cover and for engineering purposes. c) Some hazardous wastes will be unacceptable for disposal at a hazardous landfill if the waste has total contents or may leach potentially hazardous components that are high enough to;

i) constitute a short-term occupational risk;

ii) constitute an environmental risk; or

iii) prevent waste stabilisation within the

projected lifetime of the landfill.

d) WAC for hazardous waste consists of numerical limits for leachable substances and organic content along with standards for physical stability. Hazardous wastes need to be tested against these parameters.

2) Leaching Limit Values

a) The leaching limit values in Table 1 apply for waste acceptable at landfills for hazardous waste, calculated at a liquid to solid ratio (L:S) of 10 l/kg for total release.

Table 1: Leaching Limit Values for the Acceptance of Wastes in Hazardous Landfills

Components L:S = 10 l/kg

Arsenic 25 Barium 300

Cadmium 1 Chromium total 70

Copper 100 Mercury 0.4

Molybdenum 30 Nickel 40 Lead 50

Antimony 5 Selenium 7

Zinc 200 Chloride 25,000 Fluoride 500 Sulphate 50,000

TDS* 100,000 DOC** 1,000

* The values for TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) can be used alternatively to the values for non-dissolved Sulphate and Chloride. ** If the waste does not meet these values for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at its own pH, it may alternatively be tested at L:S = 10 l/kg and a pH of 7.5 8.0. The waste may be considered as complying with the acceptance criteria for DOC, if the result of this determination does not exceed 1000 mg/kg.

3) Additional Limit Values

a) In addition to the leaching limit values in Table 1 above, hazardous wastes must meet the limit values shown in Table 2. These additional limit values ensure that these factors do not cause leaching to increase from wastes that otherwise meet the leaching limit values. Table 2: Additional Limit Values for the Acceptance of Wastes in Hazardous Landfills

Parameter Values

LOI* 10% TOC 6%**

ANC (acid neutralisation

capacity)

Must be evaluated between the pH of the waste in

question, at pH6 and the pH of the site leachate

* Either Loss on Ignition (LOI) or Total Organic Carbon (TOC) must be used which is up to the discretion of the Generator and TSD facility operators. ** If this value is not achieved, a higher limit value may be permitted by the Competent Agency, provided that the DOC value of 1000 mg/kg is achieved at L:S10 at its own pH or pH7.5 8.0.



Article VIII Non-Hazardous Waste Landfills

1) General Requirements

a) Hazardous waste must not be sent to non-hazardous or inert landfill facilities. b) Non-hazardous waste deposited in non-hazardous landfills is not subject to numerical WAC limits. c) Control over non-hazardous waste acceptance at landfill is through licence conditions determined on the basis of site specific risk assessments.

2) Municipal Waste

a) Municipal waste can be accepted at landfills for non-hazardous waste. The production and handling of the waste must not result in it changing its characteristics, for example, by mixing with other materials or by producing a segregated hazardous fraction, such as to require reclassification as other than municipal waste.

3) Stable, Non-Reactive Hazardous Waste

a) Hazardous waste may be accepted at non-hazardous landfills provided that;

i) it is stable, non-reactive hazardous waste; ii) its leaching behaviour is equivalent to that

of non-hazardous wastes which meet the relevant WAC; or

iii) it is not deposited in cells used, or

intended to be used, for the disposal of biodegradable non-hazardous wastes.

b) For hazardous waste to be stable and non-reactive the leaching behaviour of the waste must not change adversely in the long-term under the landfill design conditions or accidents;

i) in the waste alone (for example, by biodegradation);

ii) under the impact of long-term ambient

conditions (for example, water, air, temperature or mechanical constraints); or

iii) by the impact of other wastes (including

waste products such as leachate and gas).

c) The wastes must meet the leaching limit values provided in Table 3, calculated at a liquid to solid ratio (L:S) of 10 l/kg for total release.

d) These limits also apply to non-hazardous waste accepted in the same cell as stable, non-reactive hazardous waste and which must not therefore be capable of biodegrading.

Table 3: Leaching Limit Values for the Acceptance of Hazardous Wastes in Landfills for Non-Hazardous Waste

Components L:S = 10 l/kg

Arsenic 2 Barium 100

Cadmium 0.1 Chromium total 10


Molybdenum 10 Nickel 10 Lead 10

Antimony 0.7 Selenium 0.5

Zinc 50 Chloride 15,000 Fluoride 150 Sulphate 20,000

TDS* 60,000 DOC** 800

* The values for TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) can be used alternatively to the values for non- dissolved Sulphate and Chloride. ** If the waste does not meet these values for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at its own pH, it may alternatively be tested at L:S = 10 l/kg and a pH of 7.5 8.0. The waste may be considered as complying with the acceptance criteria for DOC, if the result of this determination does not exceed 800 mg/kg. e) Wastes which are candidates for this disposal option, and any non-hazardous wastes deposited in the same cell, must also meet the limit values in Table 4, which assist in evaluating whether the waste is stable and non-reactive.

Table 4: Additional Limit Values for the Acceptance of Hazardous wastes in Landfills for Non-Hazardous Waste

Parameter Value

TOC 5%* pH Minimum 6

Acid Neutralisation

Capacity

Must be evaluated

between the pH of the waste in question, pH6 and the ph of

the site leachate

* If this value is not achieved, a higher limit value may be permitted by the Competent Agency,



provided that the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) value of 800 mg/kg is achieved or at a pH between 7.5 8.0.

4) Asbestos Waste

a) Construction materials containing asbestos and other suitable asbestos waste may be accepted at non-hazardous landfills, without testing. b) For non-hazardous landfills receiving construction materials containing asbestos and other suitable asbestos waste the following requirements must be fulfilled;

i) the waste shall contain no other

hazardous substances than bound asbestos, including fibres bound by a binding agent or packed in plastic;

ii) construction material containing asbestos

or other suitable asbestos waste can only be accepted in a landfill dedicated to these wastes or in a separate cell of a non-dedicated non-hazardous landfill, if the cell is sufficiently self-contained;

iii) in order to avoid dispersion of fibres, the

zone of deposit must be covered daily with appropriate material and, if the waste is not packed, must be regularly sprinkled. It must be:

- Covered immediately to a depth of

at least 250mm;

- Covered by the end of the working day to a depth of at least one metre on all flanks and surfaces;

- Final cover must be not less than

two metres of suitable material, before placement of the restoration material;

- For all these purposes, suitable

material must be used, comprising incombustible, granular material free from any objects capable of disrupting the waste or any packing;

iv) a final top cover shall be placed on the

landfill or cell in order to avoid the dispersion of fibres;

v) no works shall be carried out on the

landfill or cell that could lead to a release of fibres (for example, drilling of holes);

vi) a plan shall be kept of the location of

deposits of asbestos waste. The plan shall be kept available after closure; and

vii) details shall be provided to the landowner so that appropriate measures can be taken to limit the possible uses of the land after closure of the landfill in order to avoid human contact with the waste.

c) Wastes that contain asbestos but which are also hazardous by virtue of other components can only be sent for disposal in hazardous landfills appropriate to both the asbestos and the other hazards.

Article IX Inert Waste Landfills

1) General Requirements

a) WAC for inert waste consists of specific wastes that can be accepted without testing along with a list of numerical limits. b) Wastes exceeding these levels can still be accepted at non-hazardous or hazardous landfills depending on the level of contamination.

2) Wastes Acceptable at Landfills for Inert Waste without Testing

a) Wastes listed in Table 5 can be admitted without testing at a landfill for inert waste. The waste must be a single stream and single source material. b) Different wastes contained in the list may be accepted together, provided they are from the same source. c) In case of suspicion of contamination (either visual or from knowledge of the origin of the waste) testing must be applied or the waste refused. d) If the listed wastes are contaminated or contain other material or substances such as metals, asbestos, plastics, or chemicals to an extent which increases the risk associated with the waste sufficiently to justify their disposal in other classes of landfills, they may not be accepted in a landfill for inert waste. e) If there is any doubt that the waste fulfils the definition of inert waste or about the lack of contamination of the waste, testing must be applied.

f) Any waste load containing only a material on the list, or a mixture of them, is deemed inert for the purpose of disposal to an inert landfill facility.

Table 5: Listed inert wastes

Description Restrictions

Waste glass based fibrous materials

Only without organic binders

Glass packaging Concrete Bricks



Tiles and ceramics Mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics

Glass Sand, soil, stones and clays

Excluding topsoil, peat; excluding soil and stones from contaminated sites

Glass Glass Separately collected glass

only Soil and stones Only from garden and

parks; excluding top soil, peat

3) Wastes Acceptable at Landfills for Inert Wastes only with Testing

a) If there is uncertainty whether the waste fulfils the definition of inert waste, or is uncontaminated, the waste must be tested. b) The waste must not exceed the limit values provided in Table 6, for leaching at the given liquid to solid ratio, or Table 7, for the total content of organic parameters, for the waste to be accepted at an inert landfill facility.

Table 6: Leaching Limit Values for Landfills for Inert Waste

Components L:S = 10 l/kg Arsenic 0.5 Barium 20

Cadmium 0.04 Chromium total 0.5


Molybdenum 0.5 Nickel 0.5 Lead 0.5

Antimony 0.06 Selenium 0.01

Zinc 4 Chloride 800 Fluoride 10 Sulphate 1,000

TDS* 4,000 DOC** 1 DOC*** 500

* If the waste does not meet these values for sulphate, it may still be considered as complying with the acceptance criteria if the leaching does not exceed either of the following values: 1,500 mg/l at L:S = 0.1 l/kg. ** The values for TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) can be used alternatively to the values for Sulphate and Chloride. *** If the waste does not meet these values for DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) at its own pH value, it

may alternatively be tested at L:S = 10 l/kg and a pH between 7.5 and 8.0. The waste may be considered as complying with the acceptance criteria for DOC, if the result of this determination does not exceed 500 mg/kg. c) In addition to the leaching limit values above, inert wastes must meet the additional limit values provided in Table 7. Table 7: Additional Limit Values for Landfills for Inert Waste

Parameter Value mg/kg

TOC 30000* BTEX 6

PCBs (7 congeners) 1 Mineral oil (C10 to

C40) (C10 to C40) 500

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (total

of 17)

100

* In the case of soils a higher limit value may be admitted by the Competent Agency, provided the Dissolved Organic Carbon value of 500 mg/kg is achieved at L:S 10 l/kg at the pH of the soil or at a pH of between 7.5 and 8.0.

Article X Underground Storage 1) General Requirements

a) The same wastes as those prohibited for disposal in landfill facilities are prohibited for disposal in underground storage facilities. b) In addition, other wastes prohibited from underground storage facilities include:

i) Wastes and their containers which may

react with water or with the host rock under the storage conditions and lead to:

A change in the volume;

Generation of auto-flammable or

toxic or explosive substances or gases;

Any other reactions which could

endanger the operational safety and/or the integrity of the barrier;

i) Wastes which may react with each other

must be defined and classified in groups of compatibility. The different groups of compatibility must be physically separated in the storage;



ii) Biodegradable wastes;

iii) Wastes that have a pungent smell;

iv) Wastes that can generate a gas-air mixture which is toxic or explosive, especially wastes:

That cause toxic gas

concentrations due to the partial pressures of their components;

That form concentrations when

saturated within a container, which are higher than 10% of the concentration which corresponds to the lower explosive limit;

With insufficient stability to

correspond to the geomechanical conditions;

That are auto-flammable or

liable to spontaneous combustion under the storage conditions, such as gaseous products, volatile wastes, and wastes coming from collections in the form of unidentified mixtures;

That contain or could generate

pathogenic germs of communicable diseases.

Appendix A

Examples of Waste Characterisation Parameters

WASTE MANAGEMENT

UNIT

WASTE PARAMETER PHYSICAL FORM OF THE WASTE

RATIONALE FOR CHARACTERISATION

Containers

pH L, Sl Identify wastes that may compromise container structural integrity

Flash point L Identify appropriate storage conditions (e.g., out of direct sunlight)

Total and amenable cyanide/sulfide

L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and relevant health and safety precautions

Appropriate hazardous component

L, Sl, So Identify constituent(s) for compliance with the licence limits and for safe handling of the waste

Tanks pH L, Sl Identify wastes that may compromise structural integrity of tanks and ancillary equipment

Flash point L Determine applicable requirements to treat, deactivate or separately manage ignitable wastes to ensure compliance

Halogens L, Sl, So Identify wastes with potential to corrode tanks and ancillary equipment



Oxidising potential L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and requirements to treat, deactivate or separately manage reactive wastes to ensure compliance


L, Sl, So Identify component for compliance with the licence and for safe handling of the waste

Storage Pools pH L, Sl Identify wastes that may degrade unit structures or systems

Total suspended solids L, Sl Identify wastes that may not be readily amenable to pumping or unit conveyance systems

Flashpoint L Determine applicable requirements to treat or deactivate ignitable wastes to ensure compliance

Oxidising potential L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and requirements to treat or deactivate reactive wastes to ensure compliance



Total chlorine L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may degrade liners/geotextile integrity

Total petroleum hydrocarbons

L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may degrade polypropylene geotextiles

Liner compatibility tests L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may permeate or degrade synthetic liner materials


L, Sl, So Identify component for compliance with the licence limits and for safe handling of the waste

Waste Piles pH L, Sl Identify wastes that may corrode unit components

Total amenable cyanide/sulfide

L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and relevant health and safety considerations

Oxidising potential L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and requirements to treat or deactivate reactive wastes to ensure compliance

Ketones L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may degrade polyvinylchloride (PVC) unit components



(PVC integrity is degraded at ketone concentrations above 30,000 ppm)

Liner compatibility tests L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may permeate or degrade synthetic liner materials


L, Sl, So Identify component for compliance with the licence limits and for safe handling of waste

Treatment Units pH L, Sl Identify wastes that may require pre-treatment to ensure optimum effectiveness of land treatment process

Total metals L, Sl, So Quantify metal concentrations to ensure that rates of application do not exceed limits


L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and relevant health and safety considerations

Electrical conductivity L, Sl Determine treatment performance effects from electrical conductivity


L, Sl, So Identify components for compliance with the licence limits and for safe handling of the waste

Landfills Free liquid content L, Sl, So Identify the presence/ absence of free liquids to ensure compliance

pH L, Sl Identify wastes that are not allowed to enter a landfill

Total chlorine L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may degrade the integrity of chlorosulfonated polyethylene landfill liners

Total nitrogen L, Sl, So Identify wastes that may compromise chlorosulfonated polyethylene liners

Liner compatibility tests L, Sl, So Identify potential reactivity and relevant health and safety precautions

Chemical compatibility evaluations

L, Sl, So Identify potential incompatibililties


L, Sl, So Identify component for compliance with the licence limits and for safe handling of the waste

L = Liquid Sl = Sludge So = Solid

En EnvStand8 Waste Acceptance Criteria

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