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Article I – Preliminary

1) Definitions

‘acutely toxic’ describes the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure to a substance. ‘aesthetic’ refers to those characteristics of water which exhibit themselves physically, including but not limited to, the odour, taste and colour. ‘assimilative capacity’ Refers to the ability of a water body to receive a pollutant(s) and still meet water quality standards. ‘background conditions’ shall refer to background levels of pollutants in the environment due only to non-anthropogenic sources, i.e., natural sources. ‘Best Available Techniques (BAT)’ refers to the most effective and advanced developments in technologies and methods of operation generally utilised to reduce emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole. “Competent Agency” is the appointed body that will regulate and enforce these environmental standards, in most cases this will be PME. ‘due diligence’ in this context is the effort made by an ordinarily prudent or reasonable party to avoid harm to the environment, another party or himself. ‘Concerned Agency’ the government agency in charge of environment-related projects.

‘contravention’ refers to an actual breach or exceedance in a regulatory requirement meaning the failure to comply with the terms set out in this document. ‘facility’ shall refer to any site installation or activity that has the potential to cause environmental pollution or degradation. ‘GER’ Refers to the General Environmental Regulations. ‘groundwater’ refers to water from aquifers or other underground sources.

‘indicator’ refers to a property of water, whether chemical, physical or biological for which a value is determined as set out within these Standards. ‘KSA’ Refers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mixing zone’ shall refer to a defined area of water directly adjacent to an area for discharging contaminants where the receiving water quality standards may be exceeded and such and area is determined pursuant to Article II (6). ‘national monitoring programme’ refers to the national ambient monitoring activities of the Competent Agency now or in the future. ‘natural causes’ shall refer to natural events that result in degraded water quality, these may include storms, earthquakes and naturally occurring algal blooms. ‘operator’ The owner or nominated manager of a business, industrial enterprise or wastewater treatment works. ‘PME’ Refers to the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment who are designated as the competent agency for the protection of the environment and the development of environmental protection standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ‘Sites of Significant Economic Importance (SSEI)’ refers to areas, zones or localities that only upon the agreement of the Competent Agency, may extend their horizontal mixing zone to meet economic criteria.

‘waterbody’ shall refer to bodies of water as defined with Appendix A. ‘Water Quality Objectives (WQO)’ This refers to a set of environmental criteria pertaining to the required quality of a water body for its designated use.

2) Citation

a) This document may be cited as the National Ambient Water Quality Standard for KSA. This standard revises the current General Standards for the Environment (specifically document number 1409-01) issued by the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME).

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Environmental Standard

Ambient Water Quality

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3) Timescales for implementation

. a) The effective date of this standard is 01/05/1433H

corresponds to 24/03/2012G. The requirement to comply with these standards will commence from the effective date.

3) Purpose

a) The objective of this standard is to establish the framework and the activities required to enable sustainable management of ambient water quality within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

b) The ambient Standards introduce a baseline standard of water quality which aims to protect the Kingdom’s water supply and natural aquatic environment whilst allowing for sustainable economic and social development. c) These standards shall provide a basis for the restoration of waters used for recreational, agricultural, industrial, potable and ecological purposes. d) The Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) generated in response to this standard will generate long term improvements in chemical and ecological status of the Kingdom’s water resources.

4) Scope

a) These Standards refer to the safety, aesthetic, physical and chemical aspects of ambient waters for the protection of human uses and the environment including ecology and recreation. b) Subject to the exemptions in Article I (6), these standards apply to all coastal and underground waters and include any surface freshwater that may be present permanently or temporarily.

5) Exemptions

Activity

Exemption applies

Mixing zones Whilst discharge is operational

Private water bodies (including swimming pools)

At all times

Water within storm water, sewerage systems or treatment works including tertiary treatment ponds

At all times

Water within an isolated tank or system such as

As long as liquid is fully contained

areas lined with materials which are impervious to water (e.g. septic tank)

6) Powers of Authority

a) Within the scope of these standards the Competent Agency may:

i) Prescribe specific requirements as to the

substances and concentrations of substances that may be present in or absent from water within the Kingdom;

ii) prescribe specific requirements at any time

as to other characteristics of water quality;

iii) authorize such relaxations or departures from, the water quality standards and make any such authorisation subject to the prescribed conditions, and to modify or revoke any such authorisation or condition; and

iv) authorize a local Concerned Agency to

exercise any power conferred by these regulations by paragraphs i) - iii) above.

b) The Competent Agency may, for the purposes of this Standard, appoint persons to act on their behalf as technical assessors and monitors in relation to the powers and duties conferred on him by this standard and/or its subsequent amendments. c) In addition to the responsibilities conferred by other sections contained within this standard, it shall be the duty of the Concerned Agency/relevant party;

i) to provide the Competent Agency all such assistance; and

ii) to provide the Competent Agency with all such information, as that may reasonably be required, for the purpose of carrying out an investigation

d) The Competent Agency or appointed individual for the purpose of water quality regulation may:

i) Enter any premises for the purpose of carrying out any investigation. ii) carry out such inspections, measurements and tests on premises entered, articles or records found on any such premises, and take away such samples of ambient water or articles, as may be considered appropriate for the purpose of enabling such investigation; or iii) at any reasonable time require any relevant party to supply him with copies of, or of extracts from, any records kept for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with ambient water quality standards.

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e) This standard enables the issue of regulations and technical memoranda which are enforceable by the Competent Agency who holds delegated authority under the General Environmental Regulations.

7) Enforcement procedures

a) Failure to comply with the requirements of these standards may lead to prosecution by the Competent Agency and those convicted of such failure may be subject to fines or periods of imprisonment as laid out in the General Environmental Regulations. b) It is anticipated that the requirements of this standard will be enforced nationally with inspections taking place to verify their implementation at a regional and local level.

8) Penalty fines

a) Maximum fines that may be imposed for exceeding the applicable standard, breach of permit and failure to comply with an abatement notice are set out in the General Environmental Regulations.

9) Appeals

a) A right of appeal exists for any organisation or individual who is required to take action as a consequence of the implementation of the revised standard. b) The right of appeal against conviction or sentence is available through the appropriate judicial system as set out in the General Environmental Regulations.

c) All appeals should be fully supported with a documented case containing as a minimum, the information required under the appeals process of the General Environmental Regulations.

10) Periodic review

a) There may be some requirement at a future date to adjust the standards included to recognise specific local conditions and or improved understanding of the effects of point or non point-source wastewater discharges. b) As a minimum, the Competent Agency shall undertake a periodic review of this standard every 5 years. c) Where new information suggests that adjustments are required to this standard, all changes will be subject to the appropriate consultation and will be notified to facilities by the Competent Agency. Appropriate implementation time will be allowed.

Article II – General Provisions

1) Units of measurement

a) Where numerical values are stated, the units are also present; these may vary according to the parameter referenced. b) Where a prohibition occurs for an individual substance the concentration limit may be specified as “nil” or “0”.

2) Requirements for protection of ambient water quality

a) All classified waters, including coastal waters groundwater and surface water, shall meet the prescribed concentrations and values stipulated in Appendix B. b) A person or organisation by means of action or inaction taken must not cause any of the ambient water quality criteria applicable to those waters;

i) to be exceeded; or; ii) if already exceeded (whether through natural

causes, the discharge of a pollutant or a combination of both), to further exceed the ambient standards stipulated in Appendix A.

c) A 3km buffer zone will be established around high-value areas (classified in Article III) within which marine ambient standards marine discharge standards apply in order to guard the protected habitats, flora or fauna.

3) Violation of standards

a) In circumstances where:

i) ambient standards are determined to

have been violated on the basis of any individual parameter stipulated in Appendix B being exceeded; or

ii) the Competent Agency has determined

that significant environmental degradation has occurred,

the Competent Agency must investigate the local ambient conditions further to determine where appropriate:

i) the context in which the infringement is

taking place with specific reference to timings and severity;

ii) assessment of the mixing zone

characteristics; and

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iii) the person or persons responsible.

b) Where a responsible person(s) is identified the Competent Agency will:

i) refer to the prescribed concentrations and

values set out in the Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Standards;

ii) assess site compliance against this

criteria; iii) specify the appropriate risk based

mitigating actions with reference to corrective and preventative action; and

iv) where appropriate launch other

enforcement action or prosecution.

c) Enforcement and prosecutions will be determined by the conditions set out in the General Environmental Regulations.

d) Where the contravention of ambient standards is due to cumulative impact of local discharges, but without infringement of discharge standards the Competent Agency shall take the following actions:

i) conduct a study into the assimilative capacity of the local environment set against the context of current and future use criteria; and

ii) revise and enforce local discharge

standards according to these findings in order to protect human health and the environment as set out under the General Environmental Regulation.

4) Background conditions

a) Where the existing background conditions are considered of better quality than these standards, those conditions must be at least maintained as a minimum requirement. b) The existing uses of water as defined in Article III should be maintained or protected unless authorised by the Competent Agency. c) The Competent Agency may designate zones where an exceedance of threshold values for a given pollutant is attributable to natural causes. In such cases the Competent Agency will undertake no further action.

5) Sediment quality

a) Where appropriate, bottom sediments shall be substantially free of pollutants that:

i) affect and change the composition of bottom fauna;

ii) are known to be bio-accumulative and

harmful in food chains;

iii) are activated when disturbed by natural or human activities such as dredging;

iv) unduly affect the physical or chemical

nature of the sediment; or

v) interfere with the propagation of habitats or shellfish, fish and other wildlife.

6) Mixing zones

a) The operator or facility will establish zones of influence from discharges which are exempt from these standards but are however, subject to the requirements of the industrial and municipal wastewater standards. b) The following requirements apply in relation to a mixing zone in a receiving water body: i) the zone of influence or mixing zone shall be

designed in order to minimise the impact on the environment, however the absolute maximum size of a mixing zone shall be determined on a case by case basis using the methodology in Appendix C and limited to a maximum 100m radius;

ii) acutely toxic conditions should not be reached

within a mixing zone; where tested, Methods must be in accordance with 40 CFR Part 136 Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants; Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods; USEPA.

iii) mixing zones should not impinge on sensitive

areas, such as coral reefs, recreational areas or important spawning or nursery areas for aquatic organisms;

iv) neighbouring mixing zones should not merge

or overlap;

v) no mixing zone should impinge the mean low water spring (MLWS) shoreline; and

vi) materials should not be discharged that settle

and cause harmful or objectionable deposits; the growth of undesirable aquatic life; or result in the dominance of nuisance species.

vii) Alternative mixing zone areas may on a case

by case basis be agreed by the Competent Agency to represent areas that have been designated as sites of significant economic importance (SSEI).

viii) An application for a SSEI variation must be

made using the official form in Appendix D and will be supported by evidence justifying the award of a temporary permit. The significance

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of this evidence will be determined by the Competent Agency only.

c) Should an operator determine that the methodology specified in Appendix C is technically unachievable at a specific locality, they must produce a study to confirm the best achievable mixing zone dimensions available using Best Available Technology (BAT). d) The method for carrying out this assessment must be approved in advance by the Competent Agency. This study must also make an assessment of the impact the new mixing zone will have upon the environment and be submitted to the Competent Agency.

Article III Classification of water bodies

1) Water body classification

a) The classification a waterbody receives determines the environmental quality objectives (EQOs) that apply to that water body (criteria for EQOs specified in Appendix B. b) All water bodies must be classified either as fresh surface water, groundwater, or coastal water. The definition of each of these water-bodies is set out in Appendix A. c) All coastal water shall be sub-divided into the following usage related classifications by the Competent Agency (as set out in Appendix A) for the purposes of monitoring ambient water quality:

i) marine; ii) high value; or iii) industrial.

d) Coastal waters can be further classified into being primary or secondary recreational zones if they meet the criteria, also set out in Appendix A.

2) Changes in classifications

a) The Competent Agency can amend usage zones following their initial classification at any time. b) It is the responsibility of the Competent Agency to make any changes to usage zone classifications known to affected persons, facilities and operators so that the classification protects those sensitive receptors affected. c) Where the Competent Agency is of the opinion that any coastal area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:

i) is of special interest by reason of its flora,

fauna or geological or physiographical features; or

ii) is of special character or exemption,

the Competent Agency shall update their central usage records and amend their monitoring and analysis programme accordingly. d) The Competent Agency is obligated to verify the usage zone classification every 10 years. Verification activities will vary depending on the development of the local area during the intermittent time and changes in environmental conditions. In doing this the Competent Agency shall show due diligence in the verification process.

Article IV – Monitoring, enforcement and penalties

1) Sampling and monitoring requirements

a) National ambient water quality monitoring is the responsibility of the Competent Agency and must be carried out in such a manner as to assess compliance with the water quality objectives set out in appendix B. b) The national monitoring programme carried out by the Competent Agency and will include as a minimum:

i) parameters to be monitored; ii) sampling locations and frequency;

iii) sampling methods and equipment; iv) schedules for sampling;

v) methods for quality assurance and

validation of sampling results; vi) requirements for checking and interpreting

results;

vii) responsibilities and necessary qualifications of staff;

viii) requirements for documentation and

management of records;

ix) data be recorded and sorted; and x) detailed requirements for reporting and

communicating results.

b) The analytical testing methods for determining compliance with the ambient water quality standards shall be in accordance with the most recent edition of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

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and Wastewater published by the American Public Health Association (APHA).

c) Samples collected should be representative of the quality of water in the sample zone. d) All monitoring data will be retained by the Competent Agency for a period not less than 7 years. e) Acute and chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) tests may be used by the Competent Agency to measure acute toxicity1. f) Quality assurance protocols will be developed by the Competent Agency to ensure the accuracy of the sampling and monitoring.

Article V – Water quality objectives

1) Establishment of performance driven water quality programmes

a) The Competent Agency shall develop a strategic programme for the maintenance and/or improvement of all ambient waters in KSA. b) The Competent Agency shall establish water quality improvement objectives for waters which are currently failing to achieve the required ambient water quality standard (Appendix B). The Competent Agency is responsible for managing programmes for water quality improvement. c) Areas classified as industrial in Appendix A should have a water quality improvement objectives associated with them and the Competent Agency should also design an improvement programme for these areas. d) Water quality programmes should consider all possible approaches to minimize the deterioration of groundwater quality. This should include the establishment of groundwater sensitive zones within which discharges from certain agricultural, industrial and municipal processes may be restricted. e) The Competent Agency may further investigate any waters, and based on the results of such activities, establish specific Local Improvement Plans (LIPs) for ambient waters. . f) The Competent Agency shall liaise with Concerned Agencies responsible for the protection of nationally and internationally designated sites and species to ensure that ambient standards and water quality

1 Methods must be in accordance with 40 CFR Part 136 Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants; Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods; USEPA.

objectives are adequate to maintain and improve water quality. g) The Competent Agency shall provide a 5 yearly report on the status of ambient waters in relation to their Water Quality Objectives (WQOs).

h) The Competent Agency shall undertake a programme to raise public and private awareness of the importance of maintaining and improving ambient water quality.

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Appendix A – Classification of water bodies

A1 – According to the requirements of Article III 2, all water bodies must be classified according to the type of water and use. This appendix sets out the criteria for classifying usage zones.

Classification

Sub-division

Code Definition

Groundwater

-

A

Water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of geologic formations.

Fresh surface water

-

B

This includes all fresh waters on the ground and includes water within rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, marshes, wadis and man made reservoirs.

Coastal water

Marine

C1

Coastal waters are those that are under the jurisdiction of KSA (the territorial coastal waters being 12 international nautical miles (22.2 kilometres) of the shoreline). The sub-division ‘marine’ is the default when the coastal water body does not meet the criteria for ‘high-value’ or ‘industrial‘, detailed below.

Coastal water

High value

C2

Areas of coastal water shall be classified as ‘high value’ if they are designated as locally, nationally or internationally protected areas by any Concerned Agency (this includes but is not limited to the Competent Agency, ROPME, NCWCD and PERGSA).

Coastal water

Industrial

C3

Water bodies shall be classified as industrial if they are adjacent to terrestrial zones or surrounding fixed offshore platforms that that are classified as industrial through local or national planning regulation. The extent of the aquatic environment classified as industrial will represent a seaward extension of the terrestrial boundary provided that it does not impinge upon high areas classified as C1 or C2. Furthermore, industrial ambient conditions will extend no more that a 500 meter radius from the edge of any mixing zone.

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A2 – Recreational Classification The following classifications relate to microbial parameters and can be assigned to fresh surface waters (B) and coastal waters (C1-3). The following classifications relate to the recreational use of a water body and the microbiological water quality required for this purpose. The main use criteria will remain as enforceable, however the microbiological parameters are replaces with table B-2.The classification recreational waters may be primary or secondary contact:

i) Primary contact areas Water bodies and / or courses shall be classified as primary contact if they are within 1km of an area that is used frequently for recreational activities where ingestion of the water is likely to incur for example: Swimming, diving and windsurfing. ii) Secondary contact areas Water bodies and / or courses shall be classified as secondary contact areas if they are within 1km of an area that is used frequently for recreational activities involving some contact with water, but where ingestion of the water is unlikely to occur, for example: Recreational boating and wading.

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Appendix B – Prescribed concentrations and values

Table B1 – Environmental quality objectives for ambient water quality (maximum values)

Red Sea Gulf

Parameter Unit Marine

(C1)

High-value (C2)

Industrial (C3)

Marine (C1)

High-value (C2)

Industrial (C3)

Surface water

(B)

Groundwater (A)

Physical chemistry

Temperature °C 3 2 4 3 2 4 ABD n/a

pH

pH Units 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 ABD

ABD (t-test?)

Salinity % 0 0 2 0 0 3 ABD ABD

TDS mg/l 37-45,000 37-45,000 37-45,000 37-50,000 37-50,000 37-50,000 5,000 ABD

TSS2 mg/l 5 2 10 5 3 10 5 ABD

Turbidity NTU 2 1.5 5 3 2 5 30 ABD Dissolved oxygen (DO) mg/l >5 >5 >4 >5 >5 >4 > 5 n/a Chemical Indicators and nutrients

BOD5 mg/l 10 10 15 15 10 20 10 n/a

COD mg/l 25 20 35 25 20 40 25 n/a

Oil & Grease mg/l 2 <1 3 3 <1 5 3 0

TKN mg/l 3 2 5 3 2 5 3 ABD

TOC mg/l 10 10 15 10 10 15 10 ABD

Phosphorus (total) mg/l 0.5 0.25 1 0.5 0.25 1 0.5 0.03

Phosphorus PO4-P mg/l 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.1 ABD Ammonia (free, as NH3) mg/l 0.1 0.05 1 0.1 0.05 1 0.1 0.3

Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 21,000 20,500 22,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 ABD ABD

Calcium (CaCO3) mg/l 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 ABD ABD Inorganic nitrogen (as Nitrite and Nitrate) mg/l 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.0 1 30

Sodium mg/l 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 150 150

Sulfate mg/l 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 200 250 (guide)

ABD

Sulfide mg/l 0.002 0.002 0.5 0.002 0.002 1 0.002 0.002 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon

mg/l 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2

Heavy metals

Aluminium mg/l 0.2 0.2 1 0.2 0.2 1 0.2 0.2

Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.005 0.005

Barium mg/l 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 1

Cadmium mg/l 0.005 0.002 0.05 0.005 0.002 0.05 0.005 0.005

Chromium (total) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 Chromium (Hexavalent) mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.005 0.005

Cobalt mg/l 0.05 0.05 1 0.05 0.05 1 0.05 0.05

Copper mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.053

Iron mg/l 0.5 0.1 1 0.5 0.1 1 0.5 0.2

Lead mg/l 0.05 0.005 0.2 0.05 0.005 0.2 0.005 0.005

Manganese mg/l 0.01 0.01 2 0.01 0.01 2 0.01 0.1

Mercury mg/l 0.0004 0.0004 0.001 0.0004 0.0004 0.001 0.001 0.001

Nickel mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.02

2 Above background levels 3 May be variable as a result of background conditions

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Silver mg/l 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.07 0.1

Zinc mg/l 0.8 0.2 2 0.8 0.2 2 1 0.02 Organics and inorganic

Aldrin* mg/l 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6

Benzene mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.005 Carbon Tetrachloride*

mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005

Chlordane* mg/l

2.3 x 10-6 2.3 x 10-6 2.3 x 10-6 2.3 x 10-6 2.3 x 10-6 2.3 x 10-6 2.3 x 10-6 0.002

Chlorine (residual) mg/l

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (Total)

mg/l

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.001

Chloroform mg/l 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 n/a

Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.001 DDT (and metabolites)*

mg/l 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-5

Dieldrin* mg/l 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6 4 x 10-6

TCDD - Dioxin* mg/l 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8 3 x 10-8

Endrin mg/l 0.000006 0.000006 0.000006 0.000006 0.000006 0.000006 0.000006 0.001

Fluoride mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.4 0.2

Furans* mg/l 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6

Helptachlor* mg/l 5 x 10-6 5 x 10-6 5 x 10-6 5 x 10-6 5 x 10-6 5 x 10-6 5 x 10-6 0.0004

Hexachlorobenzene mg/l 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007

Lindane mg/l 1.2 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-5 0.0002

Mirex* mg/l 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6

MtBE mg/l 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 0.02

Pentachlorophenol mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.0005

PAH mg/l 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.0002

PCBs (total) mg/l 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6 1.9 x 10-6

Phenols (total) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.005

Total pesticides mg/l

Toxaphene* mg/l 2.1 x 10-5 2.1 x 10-5 2.1 x 10-5 2.1 x 10-5 2.1 x 10-5 2.1 x 10-5 2.1 x 10-6 0.002

2,4,5 TP (Silvex) mg/l n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.05 1,1,1 Trichloroethane*

mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.001

Toluene mg/l 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002

Vinyl chloride mg/l 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001

Xylenes mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.05 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

Microbial

Cyanobacteria mg/l 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

Ecoli

count/100ml <500 <250 <500 <500 <250 <500 <600 <10

Intestinal enterococci

count/100ml <200 <100 <200 <200 <100 <200 <230 <5

* These chemicals are specified as a monthly average

Table B2 – Microbiological guidelines for recreational waters

Type of recreational waters Limit value for the number of Intestinal enterococci/100 ml

Primary contact <40

Secondary contact <200

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Appendix C – Calculation of mixing zones4 in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf C1 – Red Sea and Gulf mixing zones [screening model]

SDave = Horizontal extent of mixing zone

Where: Dave = average water depth at outfall location5 6

S = refer to table D1.

Table C1 – Red Sea S values

S

Example of habitat/area type

2 High-value area 5 Marine classified area 8 Industrially classified area

Table C2 – Arabian Gulf S Values7

S

Example of habitat/area type

4 High-value area 8 Marine classified area 12 Industrially classified area

Notes:

1. This method represents the basic screening model for defining the maximum horizontal extent of a mixing zone.

2. Where modelling shows that the maximum extent of the mixing zone is unachievable, the Competent Agency must be consulted for approval on a case by case basis.

3. The maximum horizontal extent of the mixing zone radius will be 100m at any time.

4 Method adapted from Jirka et al (2004). Published by the European Water Association. 5 Average depth applies where diffusion technology is utilised for discharge and must be measured at 10m increments along the length of the diffusion apparatus. Otherwise the depth at the end of the outfall applies. 6 For the gulf a correction factor of +10 is applied to depth to take account of local bathymetry. 7 These values are adjusted to accommodate for the conditions in the Arabian Gulf (i.e. shallow waters)

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Table C3 – A look up table showing the radius of a mixing zone for given values of S and Dave for the Red Sea and Gulf of Arabia

Red Sea

Depth (m) 2 5 8 Arabian Gulf

Depth (m) 4 8 12 Mixing zone radius8 Mixing zone radius

5 or less 10 25 40 5 or less 20 40 60 6 12 30 48 6 24 48 72 7 14 35 56 7 28 56 84 8 16 40 64 8 32 64 96 9 18 45 72 9 36 72 100 10 20 50 80 10 40 80 11 22 55 88 11 44 88 12 24 60 96 12 48 96 13 26 65 100 13 52 100 14 28 70 14 56 15 30 75 15 60 16 32 80 16 64 17 34 85 17 68 18 36 90 18 72 19 38 95 19 76 20 40 100 20 80 21 42 21 84 22 44 22 88 23 46 23 92 24 48 24 96 25 50 25 100 26 52 26 27 54 27 28 56 28 29 58 29 30 60 30 31 62 31 32 64 32 33 66 33 34 68 34 35 70 35 36 72 36 37 74 37 38 76 38 39 78 39 40 80 40 41 82 41 42 84 42 43 86 43 44 88 44 45 90 45 46 92 46 47 94 47 48 96 48 49 98 49 50 100 50

8 Horizontal radius

KSA Presidency of Meteorology and Environment PME Reference

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