EN 1492-4 (E)

7/30/2019 EN 1492-4 (E)

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CEN TC 168

Date: 2000-09

prEN 1492-4

CEN TC 168

Secretariat: BSI

Textile slings — Safety — Part 4: Lifting slings for general service made

from natural and man-made fibre ropes

ICS:

Descriptors:

Document type: European StandardDocument subtype:Document stage: Working DocumentDocument language: E

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Foreword

This document is a working document.

This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing, slingsand accessories – Safety” of which the secretariat is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by .......... and conflicting standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by ......

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

This European Standard is one of a series of standards related to safety for textile slings as listed below:

Part 1: Specification for flat woven webbing slings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose use

Part 2: Specification for roundslings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose use

Part 3: Specification for one trip textile lifting slings

Part 4: Specification for lifting slings for general service made from natural and man-made fibre rope

This is the first edition of this Part of EN 1492.

In this standard:

Annex A is normative, and gives the requirements for information on use and maintenance to be provided by themanufacturer with fibre rope slings conforming to this standard.

Annex B is informative, and gives the working load limits for different configurations and types of material for fibrerope slings to this standard.

Annex C is informative, and provides some detailed information for use and maintenance which may be appropriatein compiling the information in accordance with annex A.

Annex Z is informative, and gives the relationship with EU Directives.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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Contents

1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Normative references .............................................................................................................................. 5

3 Definitions................................................................................................................................................ 5

4 Hazards .................................................................................................................................................... 7

5 Safety requirements................................................................................................................................ 8

6 Verification............................................................................................................................................. 15

7 Marking .................................................................................................................................................. 17

8 Manufacturer’s certificate ..................................................................................................................... 18

9 Instructions for use............................................................................................................................... 18

Annex A (normative) Information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer................. 19

Annex B (informative) Working load limits ....................................................................................................... 21Annex C (informative) Suggested content of information to be provided by the manufacturer with fibre

rope slings ............................................................................................................................................. 33

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Introduction

This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard providing one means of complying withthe essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

This European Standard is a type C standard as specified in EN 292. The lifting accessories concerned and theextent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard.

NOTE For hazards that are not covered by this standard, lifting accessories should be in accordance with EN292.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies the requirements related to safety, including methods of rating and testingsingle-, two-, three-, four-leg and endless slings, with or without fittings, made of sisal, hemp and manila 3- and 4-strand laid construction natural fibre ropes and polyamide, polyester and polypropylene 3- and 4-strand laidconstruction and 8-strand plaited construction man-made fibre ropes having a reference number in the range of 16to 48 inclusive.

The fibre rope slings covered by this Part of EN 1492 are intended for general purpose lifting operations, ie whenused for lifting objects, materials or goods which require no deviations from the requirements, safety factors orworking load limits specified. Lifting operations not covered by this standard would include the lifting of persons,potentially dangerous materials such as molten metal and acids, glass sheets, fissile materials, nuclear reactorsand where special conditions apply.

Fibre rope slings conforming to this European Standard are suitable for use and storage in the followingtemperature ranges:

a) polyester and polyamide -40°C to 100°C,

b) manila, sisal, hemp and polypropylene -40°C to 80°C.

This European Standard does not apply to fibre rope sling assemblies rated by the trigonometric method anddesigned for lifting a specific and defined load.

This European Standard deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in clause 4 which canarise during the use of fibre rope slings when carried out in accordance with the instructions and specification givenby the manufacturer or authorized representative.

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2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of

this part of this European Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN 292-2: 1991 Safety of machinery – Basic concepts – General principles for design /A1: 1995 Part 2: Technical principles and specifications

EN 696 Fibre ropes for general service – Polyamide

EN 697 Fibre ropes for general service – Polyester

EN 698 Fibre ropes for general service – Manila and sisal

EN 699 Fibre ropes for general service - Polypropylene

EN 1050: 1996 Safety of machinery – Principles of risk assessment

EN 1261 Fibre ropes for general service - Hemp

EN 1677–1 Forged steel components for slings safety grade 8

prEN 1677-2 Forged steel lifting hooks with latch grade 8

prEN 1677-3 Forged steel self-locking hooks grade 8

EN 1677-4 Links grade 8

EN 1677-5 Forged steel l ifting hooks grade 4

EN 1677-6 Links grade 4

EN 13411-1 Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – General purpose thimbles

EN ISO 7500-1 Tension/compression testing machines – Verification of force measuring system

ISO 1968 Ropes and cordage - Vocabulary

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations given in ISO 1968 apply,together with the following:

3.1

fibre rope sling

flexible sling comprising one or more parts of identical fibre rope, terminating in spliced eyes with or withoutthimbles and fittings, or in the case of an endless sling, joined to itself with a splice

3.2

multi-leg sling

fibre rope sling assembly, consisting of two, three or four identical legs attached to a master link

3.3

splice

specified method of laying the tail end strands of the rope into the strands of the standing part of the rope to forman eye or join the ends of the rope together

3.4

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soft eye

an eye made by forming the end of the rope into a loop and by splicing the free end to the standing part

3.5

thimbled or hard eye

a spliced eye containing a rigid thimble

3.6

thimble

a rigid, shaped component for insertion into an eye for the purpose of protecting the eye from contact damage,abrasion and deformation, see figure 1

Figure 1 — Thimble (heart shaped)

3.7

fittingloadbearing metal component, designed to be fitted and supplied as part of the sling, so as to permit the sling to beattached to other lifting accessories or connected to the load

NOTE Thimbles are not included within the term ‘fitting’.

3.8

master link

link, or link assembly, forming the upper terminal fitting of a multi-leg sling assembly by means of which the slingassembly is attached to the hook of a crane, other lifting machine or accessory

3.9

reference number

number quoted in documentation which specifies the mass/metre, breaking force and other parameters of the fibrerope. The reference number corresponds to the approximate diameter in millimetres; minimum breaking force indaN, see EN 696, 697, 698, 699 and 1261

3.10

nominal diameter

specified diameter of the rope, which is usually used as the reference value for a given product

3.11

nominal length

specified length of the sling, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point

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3.12

effective working length (EWL)

actual finished length of the fibre rope sling, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point

3.13

coefficient of utilization

the ratio of the specified tensile strength of the rope to the WLL of the single part of spliced rope, taking intoaccount the acceleration due to gravity (9,80665 m/s

2) and is equal to 7

NOTE 1 Fittings may have a different coefficient of utilization from that of the rope to which they areconnected.

NOTE 2 This term has the same meaning as the term ‘working coefficient’ used in the Machinery Directive.

3.14

mode factor (M)

the factor that takes into account the geometry of the sling assembly, the number of legs and the inclination angles(β), see figure 10

3.15

competent person

designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessaryinstructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out

NOTE 4.18 of EN ISO 9002: 1994 gives guidance on training.

4 Hazards

The accidental release of a load, or release of a load due to failure of a component puts at risk, either directly orindirectly, the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone. In order to provide the necessary strengthand durability of lifting accessories this Part of EN 1492 specifies requirements for the design, manufacture andtesting to ensure the specified levels of performance are met.

Endurance has not been identified as a hazard when fibre rope slings having the specified levels of performancegiven in this Part of EN 1492 are used in general lifting service.

Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of WLL and specification of lifting accessory this Part of EN1492 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer’s certificate.

Aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in annex (normative) and annex (informative).

Table 1 lists those hazards that require action to reduce those risks identified by risk assessment as being specificand significant for fibre rope slings made of sisal, hemp, manila, polyamide, polyester and polypropylene.

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Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements

Hazards identified in annex A ofEN 1050: 1996

Relevant clause of annex A ofEN 292-2: 1991/A1: 1995

Relevant clause/sub-clause ofthis Part of EN 1492

1.e) Mechanical hazarddue to inadequacyof strength

1.3.2

4.1.2.3

4.1.2.5

4.2.4

1.7.3

4.3.2

4.2.4

5

5

5

6

7

7

8

15 Error of fittinghazard

1.5.4 5

17 Falling or ejectedobjects hazard

1.3.3 Annex A

26 Insufficientinstruction for thedriver/operator

1.7.4

4.4.1

9, annex A

9, annex A

27.1.5 Inadequate holdingdevices/accessorieshazard

4.4.1 5.7

27.6 Inadequateselection of liftingaccessories hazard

4.1.2.5

4.3.2

5.7 and 6

7

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Materials

The fibre rope from which the sling is manufactured shall be from one of the materials and to the specification givenin table 2.

Table 2 — Types of fibre rope for sling manufacture

Type of fibre rope Specification

Manila EN 698

Hemp EN 1261

Sisal EN 698

Polyamide EN 696

Polyester EN 697

Polypropylene EN 699

NOTE 1 The definitions of these fibres are given in ISO 2076 and ISO 6938. The constituent materials maybe determined in accordance with ISO 1833.

NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the differing resistance of fibres to chemicals, which is summarized in annex.

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5.2 Types of fibre rope sling

Fibre rope slings to this standard shall be made up in one of the following forms:

5.2.1 Single leg sling

A single leg sling shall be formed from a single piece of rope and shall have eyes, with or without thimbles andfittings, spliced at each end. Figure 2 shows three typical examples of single leg slings.

Figure 2 — Typical single leg slings

5.2.2 Endless sling

An endless sling shall be formed from a single piece of rope and shall have the ends joined together by a singlesplice. Figure 3 shows an endless sling.

Figure 3 — Endless sling

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5.2.3 Two leg sling

A two leg sling shall comprise two identical sling legs, with or without thimbles and terminal fittings; the eye of oneend of each leg shall be made around a master link. Figure 4 shows a typical two leg sling.

Figure 4 — Typical two leg sling

5.2.4 Three and four leg slings

A four leg sling shall comprise four identical sling legs, with or without thimbles and terminal fittings, the eye of oneend of each leg shall be made around an intermediate link so that two legs are attached to each intermediate link.The intermediate links shall be attached to a master link. Three leg slings shall be produced in the same way, buttwo legs shall be attached to one intermediate link and one leg to the other. Figure 5 shows a typical four leg sling.

Figure 5 — Typical four leg sling

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5.5 Splicing

5.5.1 General

All splicing shall be carried out by a trained and competent splicer, samples of whose splices have beensuccessfully verified by type testing in accordance with 6.3.

5.5.2 Short splices

Where 3 and 4 strand laid ropes are spliced by short splices, the splice shall comply with the followingrequirements:

a) All the tucks of the splice shall be against the lay of the rope.

b) For polyamide, polyester multifilament ropes and polypropylene monofilament ropes, either five fulltucks shall be made; alternatively four full tucks with all of the yarns in the strands shall be made,followed by a further tuck with not more than half of the material cut out of each strand and a finaltuck with not less than a quarter of the original strand material.

c) For polypropylene fibrillated film and staple ropes and for natural fibre ropes, not less than four fulltucks shall be made, each with all of the yarns in the strands.

d) After completion of splicing, the protruding strands, or parts of strands, shall be cut at a distance ofnot less than one nominal rope diameter from the standing part of rope. As an alternative to c), forpolypropylene fibrillated film and staple fibre ropes and for natural fibre ropes, one fewer full tuck ispermissible, in which case the length of the protruding strands after completion of the splicing shallnot be less than three times the nominal diameter of the rope.

e) In the case of endless slings, the splicing requirements given in a) to d) shall apply to each side ofthe marrying point of the rope (see figure 8)

Figure 8 — Marrying point of splice for endless slings

f) Where the protruding parts of the strands are contained, eg by binding, gluing, tapering etc, toimprove the appearance of the finished splice, such finishing shall not affect the performance of thesplice. In the case of full strands an alternative method of finishing the splice, known as dogging,where the emergent strands are separated into identical proportions and then bound (seized) one

half of the emergent strand to the adjacent half of the next emergent strand and so on around therope (see figure 9) is permissible. Tapered splices shall not be subject to dogging.

Figure 9 — Dogging (three strand rope)

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5.5.3 Alternative splicing methods

The method of splicing known as the ‘Liverpool splice’ where the tucks are made with the lay of the rope shall notbe used.

Long splicing of endless rope slings is permissible but, where used, the length of the splice shall not be less than100 times the rope diameter and the working load limit of the sling shall not be greater than 60% of the value givenin tables 4 to 15 or as calculated in accordance with 5.8.

In the case of 8 strand plaited ropes, the rope manufacturer’s written splicing procedures shall be obtained andstrictly followed.

5.5.4 Length between splices

For single leg slings and the individual legs of multi-leg slings, there shall be a minimum length of rope between theemergence of the final tucks of the splice of 20 times the nominal diameter of the rope.

5.6 Effective working length (EWL)

The effective working length (l 1) of a fibre rope sling (see figures 2 to 5 inclusive) shall not differ from the nominallength by more than 3%, when laid flat under hand tension and measured with a steel tape or rule graduated inincrements of 1 mm. The length of each leg of a multi-leg sling shall not differ from the lengths of the other legs bymore than 2.5%.

5.7 Fittings

5.7.1 Fittings shall conform to the appropriate part or parts of EN 1677.

5.7.2 The seating of a fitting in contact with the rope shall be so finished that, when tested in accordance withclause 6:

a) there shall be no damage to the area of the rope in contact with the fitting;

b) the sling shall sustain the load.

5.7.3 If the part of the fitting with which the rope is in contact has a profile of engagement less than the nominaldiameter of the rope, a thimble shall be placed in the eye. Fittings made into soft eyes shall be of such dimensions

that the included angle between the two parts of rope at the splice shall not exceed 30 °.

NOTE The use of thimbles is recommended for all applications when fittings form part of the fibre ropesling as they offer protection from contact damage, friction abrasion and assist to maintain the shape of theeye.

5.7.4 Welded fittings shall be placed so that the welds remain visible when the sling is in use.

5.8 Calculation of working load limit (WLL)

The working load limit of a fibre rope sling shall be calculated as follows:

90% of specified breaking force of fibre ropeWLL of spliced rope = ----------------------------------------------------------- x mode factor

Coefficient of utilization

Where: the breaking force is expressed in kN

the coefficient of utilization is 7the mode factor is as given in figure 10

NOTE Working load limits for different configurations and types of material are given in annex B tables B.1to B.12.

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a) Single strop

1) straight pull 2) Choke hitch 3) Basket hitch Basket hitch parallel

M = 1,0 M = 0,8 M = 1,4 β = 0°- 45° M = 2,0

b) Multiple fibre rope leg sling

5) 2-leg fibre rope sling 5a) 3-leg fibre rope sling 6) 4-leg fibre rope sling

M = 1,4 β = 0°- 45° M = 2,1 β = 0°- 45° M = 2,1 β = 0°- 45°

c) Endless sling

1) straight pull 2) Choke hitch 3) Basket hitch Basket hitch parallel

M = 2,0 M = 1,6 M = 2,8 β = 0°- 45° M = 4,0

NOTE M = mode factor

Figure 10 — Modes of assembly for single, multi-leg and endless fibre rope slings

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5.9 Traceability code

The traceability code, which is to be included in the marking (see 7.1.1), shall enable at least the following basicelements of the manufacturing record to be traced:

a) identification of rope, including nominal size;

b) identification of manufacturer’s control/identification of splicer;

c) identification and grade of fittings.

6 Verification

6.1 General

6.1.1 All testing and examination shall be carried out using a tensile test machine conforming to the requirementsof class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1 and, where applicable, a steel tape or rule graduated in increments of 1 mm.

6.1.2 During load tests, the force shall be applied to the test pieces so that the elongation of the specimen takesplace at a maximum rate of 110 mm/min per 1000 mm length of the specimen.

6.1.3 The test piece shall not be pre-loaded prior to testing, unless all of the slings of that type are subject toidentical pre-loading, in which case they shall not be pre-loaded to more than two times the WLL.

WARNING During load testing procedures, considerable energy is stored in the rope under tension. If thesample breaks, this energy will be suddenly released. Suitable precautions should therefore be taken toprotect the safety of persons in the danger zone.

6.2 Qualification of personnel

All testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person.

6.3 Type test to verify sling legs

6.3.1 For the purposes of type test verification, ropes are grouped in the following range of rope sizes:

a) 16 mm to 24 mm;

b) greater than 24 mm to 32 mm;

c) greater than 32 mm.

6.3.2 For each type of rope (including change of source of material), size range and splicing method to be usedin the manufacture of slings, two test pieces shall be produced by each splicer. The rope size selected shall berepresentative of the middle of the relevant group, or in the case of ropes larger than 32 mm, in the middle of therange of ropes for which the splicer will be splicing eyes.

Each test piece shall be made with a soft eye at each end and the distance between the tails of the splices shall beat least 15 times the nominal rope diameter, so that four splices are presented for testing.

6.3.3 The test piece shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the pins or bollards of the test

machine. The diameter of the pins or bollards shall be such that an included angle between 20° and 30° issubtended by the loop of the splice. The specimen shall be subjected to a force equivalent to not less than 7 times

the WLL of the specimen.

6.3.4 The test pieces shall have passed the test if the breaking force of both samples (i.e. 4 splices) submitted bythe splicer is equal to, or greater than, the equivalent of 7 times WLL.

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6.3.5 Type test verification, in accordance with this clause, shall be repeated if a period of three years haselapsed since the last sample, including manufacturing test samples, was submitted for testing by the splicer.

6.3.6 The results of the tests, i.e. whether the specimens were accepted or rejected, shall be recorded for thepurposes of the manufacturer’s record. If one or more of the samples does not sustain a force equivalent to 7 times

the WLL, slings of this type shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.

6.3.7 Verification of the splicing, in accordance with the requirements of 6.3, shall be deemed sufficient to haveverified the interaction of sling legs with fittings in all cases other than for endless slings, which shall be verified inaccordance with the following requirements.

6.4 Type test to verify the interaction of endless slings with fittings

6.4.1 A representative endless sling, of the type intended for use with fittings, shall be made with test fittingsrepresenting the smallest profile of engagement of the range of fittings that will be used in production.

6.4.2 The specimen shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the pins or bollards of the testmachine. The contact radius of the pin or bollard shall be such that it supports the representative fitting oversufficient area so as to prevent the fitting from distorting or twisting whilst under test. The specimen shall besubmitted to a force equivalent to 5 times the WLL of the endless sling.

6.4.3 The test piece shall have passed the test if the breaking force of the sample is equal to, or greater than, theequivalent of 5 times the WLL.

6.4.4 The results of the test, i.e. whether or not the specimen was accepted or rejected, shall be recorded for thepurposes of the manufacturer’s record. If the sample does not sustain a force equivalent to 5 times the WLL, slingsof this type shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.

6.5 Manufacturing tests

6.5.1 Slings shall be selected form the manufacturing batch for testing at least at the intervals given in table 4 orevery 3 years, whichever is the sooner. The selected slings shall be tested in accordance with the followingrequirements.

NOTE The length of the sling for manufacturing test should be identical to the manufacturing batch. Testingof a shorter sling leg is only acceptable where the test machine facility is too short in length.

Table 4 — Maximum testing intervals

WLL of fibre rope sling Maximum quantity pertype between tests

Up to and including 2 t

Over 2 t

1000

500

6.5.2 The sample shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the bollards of the test machine. The

diameter of the pins or bollards shall be such that an included angle of between 20° and 30° is subtended by theloop of the splice. The specimen shall be subjected to a force equivalent to not less than 7 times the WLL of thespecimen.

6.5.3 If the specimen sustains the force equivalent to 7 times its W LL, it shall have passed the test. Testingbeyond this force is not required.

6.5.4 If, during testing, the specimen does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times its WLL, but sustains aload of not less than 90% of this force, three further samples from the same batch shall be tested. If one or more ofthese samples does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, the whole batch shall be rejected anddeemed not to comply with this standard.

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6.5.5 The results of the test, i.e. whether or not the specimen was accepted or rejected, shall be recorded for thepurposes of the manufacturer’s record.

6.6 Visual examination

Each completed sling or sling assembly shall be visually examined. If any non-compliance with the safetyrequirements or if any defect is found, the sling shall be rejected.

7 Marking

7.1 General

7.1.1 The marking of the sling shall include the following:

a) the working load limit in straight lift in the case of single leg or endless slings, or for multi-leg slingshaving an angle β of 0 to 45°;

b) the material of the rope, e.g. manila, polyester etc;

c) the reference number of the rope and grade of fittings;

d) the nominal length in m;

e) the manufacturer’s name, symbol, trade mark or other unambiguous identification;

f) the traceability code (see 5.9)

g) the number and Part of this European Standard.

NOTE Marking this European Standard number on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’sdeclaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets with therequirements of the standard. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of

conformity.7.1.2 The marking shall be in a type size of not less than 1,5 mm in height.

7.2 Labelling

7.2.1 The information specified in 7.1 shall be marked on a label attached to the sling as follows:

a) on single legs with soft eyes, in one eye adjoining the splice or on the standing part of rope at the end ofthe splice;

b) on single legs with thimbles, on the standing part of rope at the end of the splice;

c) on multi-leg slings, on a durable label (e.g. a round tag) attached to the master link or on one leg of the

sling as in a);d) on endless slings, at the end of the splice.

NOTE One suitable method for applying the marking is to inscribe the details onto a plastic sleevethreaded on the rope and shrunk to it, with a clear plastic sleeve shrunk over the marked sleeve to protectit from soiling.

7.2.2 The material from which the sling is made shall be identified by the colour of the label itself on which theinformation is marked. The following colours shall be used:

- Polyamide green

- Polyester blue- Polypropylene brown

- Manila/sisal/hemp white

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8 Manufacturer’s certificate

After all testing and examination, as specified in clause 6, the manufacturer shall issue to the purchaser, for eachbatch of slings delivered, a certificate which shall include at least the following information:

a) the manufacturer’s name, address, symbol or mark;b) WLL of the sling, and for multi-leg sling assemblies the angle to the vertical;

c) type, including eye, fitting, number of legs and nominal length;

d) nominal diameter or reference number of rope, the rope material and type of construction;

e) grade of fittings;

f) the number of this European Standard, i.e. EN 1492-4;

g) traceability code;

h) identity of the person authorized to sign the certificate on behalf of the manufacturer and date ofsignature.

NOTE Items b) to g) inclusive form the designation of the sling or sling assembly.

9 Instructions for use

Instructions for use shall accompany each sling or each delivery of slings supplied with a single order and shallconform to annex A.

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Annex A (normative) Information for use and maintenance to be provided bythe manufacturer

A.1 Scope

This annex gives guidance to the manufacturer as to the information on use and maintenance which shall beprovided with fibre rope slings conforming to this Part of EN 1492.

NOTE Annex C is informative, and provides some detailed information for use and maintenance which maybe appropriate.

A.2 General

The manufacturer of fibre rope slings shall provide documented information, covering the subjects listed below, witheach commercially indivisible batch of slings (see clause 9). Informative annex C contains guidance to assist themanufacturer in the preparation of this information.

A.3 Limitations on the use of the sling due to environmental conditions or hazardousapplications (see C.1)

a) selective material resistance to chemicals;

b) restrictions due to temperature;

c) susceptibility to cutting and abrasion;

d) degradation due to ultra-violet radiation.

A.4 Before putting the sling into first use (see C.2.1)

a) availability of manufacturer’s certificate;

b) availability of instruction and training.

A.5 Before each period of use (see C.2.2 and C.2.3)

a) inspection procedure;

b) presence of label and legibility of marking;c) withdrawal criteria.

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A.6 Selection and use of fibre rope slings (see C.3)

a) determination of the mass of the load, its centre of gravity, attachment points and proposed method ofattachment;

b) observance of the marked WLL and mode factors. In the case of multi-leg slings, this will includerestrictions on angle of sling legs;

c) attachment of sling to hook of lifting machine;

d) attachment of sling to load; direct attachment, choke hitch, basket hitch, special fittings, other liftingaccessories;

e) protection of sling and load;

f) controlling rotation of the load;

g) ensuring an even balance of the load, avoidance of shortening sling legs, eg by twisting, knotting etc;

h) shock loading;

i) safety of personnel;

j) clamping force;

k) preparation of landing site;

l) detachment of sling;

m) correct storage of sling.

A.7 Periodic thorough examination and maintenance

a) withdrawal criteria, including missing/damaged label and illegible marking;

b) records of examination.

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Annex B (informative) Working load limits

B.1 Scope

This annex gives, in table form, the working load limits for different configurations and types of material for fibrerope slings conforming to this Part of EN 1492. The WLL’s shown have been calculated in accordance therequirements of clause 5.8.

Table B.1. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of polyamide ropes according to EN 696, FormA (3-strand hawser laid) and Form L (8-strand plaited) constructions for single slings

Working load limits WLLStraight lift Choked lift Basket hitch,

parallel

Basket hitch,2

leg

3/4 - leg slingRef: Number of

rope

EN 696

M = 1,0

β=45°≥

60°

Form A

mm

Form L

mm

M = 1

t

M = 0,8

t

M =2, parallel

t

M = 1,4

β = 0°≤ 45°t

M = 2,1

β = 0°≤ 45°t

16 16 0,68 0,54 1,35 0,95 1,4

18 --- 0,85 0,68 1,7 1,2 1,820 20 1,1 0,88 2,2 1,5 2,322 --- 1,3 1,0 2,6 1,8 2,724 24 1,5 1,2 3,0 2,1 3,226 --- 1,8 1,4 3,6 2,5 3,828 28 2,1 1,7 4,2 2,9 4,430 --- 2,3 1,8 4,6 3,2 4,932 32 2,6 2,1 5,2 3,6 5,536 36 3,2 2,6 6,4 4,5 6,740 40 3,8 3,0 7,6 5,3 8,044 44 4,5 3,6 9,0 6,3 9,548 48 5,4 4,3 10,8 7,6 11,3

NOTE 1: Slings having working loads below 1 tonne are usually marked in kilograms. 1t = 1000 kg.NOTE 2: This table is for rating purposes only and does not indicate proposed methods of use.NOTE 3: The handling tolerance for fibre rope slings or parts of fibre rope slings indicated as verticalis 7°NOTE 4: The WLL for form B (4-strand, shroud-laid) is 10% less.NOTE 5: Mode factor M for symmetrical positioning of load.

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Table B.2 —Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of polyamide ropes according to EN 696, Form A(3-strand hawser laid) and Form L (8-strand plaited) constructions for endless slings

Working load limits WLLStraight lift Choked lift Basket hitch, Basket hitch,

parallel

Ref: Number of ropeEN 696

Form A

mm

Form L

mm

M = 2

t

M = 1,6

t

M = 2,8

β = 0°≤

45°

t

M = 4

t16 16 1,35 1,1 1,9 2,718 --- 1,7 1,35 2,4 3,420 20 2,2 1,75 3,0 4,422 --- 2,6 2,0 3,6 5,224 24 3,0 2,4 4,2 6,026 --- 3,6 2,8 5,0 7,228 28 4,2 3,4 5,8 8,430 --- 4,6 3,6 6,4 9,232 32 5,2 4,2 7,2 10,436 36 6,4 5,2 9,0 12,840 40 7,6 6,0 10,6 15,244 44 9,0 7,2 12,6 18,048 48 10,8 8,6 15,2 21,6


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Table B.3. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of polyester ropes according to EN 697, Form A(3-strand hawser laid) and Form L (8-strand plaited) constructions for single slings


parallelBasket

hitch,2 leg3/4 - leg sling


M = 1,0

β=45°≥ 60°

Form A

mm

Form L

mm

M = 1

t

M = 0,8

t

M =2, parallelt

M = 1,4

β = 0°≤

45°

t

M = 2,1

β = 0°≤

45°

t16 16 0,52 0,42 1,05 0,73 1,118 --- 0,65 0,52 1,3 0,91 1,420 20 0,8 0,64 1,6 1,1 1,722 --- 1,0 0,8 2,0 1,4 2,124 24 1,2 096 2,4 1,7 2,526 --- 1,4 1,1 2,8 2,0 2,928 28 1,5 1,2 3,0 2,1 3,230 --- 1,8 1,4 3,6 2,5 3,832 32 2,0 1,6 4,0 2,8 4,236 36 2,5 2,0 5,0 3,5 5,240 40 3,0 2,2 6,0 4,2 6,344 44 3,7 3,0 7,4 5,0 7,748 48 4,3 3,4 8,6 6,0 9,0


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Table B.4. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of polyester ropes according to EN 697, Form A(3-strand hawser laid) and Form L (8-strand plaited) constructions for endless slings

Working load limits WLL

Straight l ift Choked lift Basket hitch, Basket hitch, parallel

Ref: Number of rope

EN 697

Form A

mm

Form L

mm

M = 2

t

M = 1,6

t

M = 2,8

β = 0°≤

45°t

M = 4

t

16 16 1,05 0,84 1,45 2,118 --- 1,3 1,0 1,8 2,620 20 1,6 1,3 2,2 3,222 --- 2,0 1,6 2,8 4,024 24 2,4 1,9 3,4 4,826 --- 2,8 2,2 4,0 5,628 28 3,0 2,4 4,2 6,030 --- 3,6 2,8 5,0 7,232 32 4,0 3,2 5,6 8,036 36 5,0 4,0 7,0 10,040 40 6,0 4,8 8,4 12,044 44 7,4 6,0 10,0 14,848 48 8,6 6,8 12,0 17,2

NOTE 1: Slings having working loads below 1 tonne are usually marked in kilograms. 1t = 1000 kg.NOTE 2: This table is for rating purposes only and does not indicate proposed methods of use.NOTE 3: The handling tolerance for fibre rope slings or parts of fibre rope slings indicated as vertical is7°NOTE 4: The WLL for form B (4-strand, shroud-laid) is 10% less.NOTE 5: Mode factor M for symmetrical positioning of load.

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Table B.5. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of polypropylene ropes according to EN 699,Form A (3-strand hawser laid) and Form L (8-strand plaited) constructions for single slings


parallel

Basket hitch,2

leg

3/4 - leg slingRef: Number of rope

EN 699

M = 1,0

β=45°≥ 60°

Form A

mm

Form L

mm

M = 1

t

M = 0,8

t

M =2, parallel

t

M = 1,4

β = 0°≤

45°t

M = 2,1

β = 0°≤

45°t

16 16 0,48 0,38 0,96 0,67 1,0

18 --- 0,6 0,48 1,2 0,85 1,320 20 0,75 0,6 1,5 1,0 1,622 --- 0,9 0,72 1,8 1,3 1,924 24 1,1 0,88 2,2 1,5 2,326 --- 1,2 0,96 2,4 1,7 2,528 28 1,4 1,1 2,8 2,0 2,930 --- 1,5 1,2 3,0 2,1 3,232 32 1,7 1,4 3,4 2,4 3,636 36 2,2 1,8 4,4 3,1 4,640 40 2,6 2,1 5,2 3,6 5,544 44 3,2 2,6 6,4 5,0 6,748 48 3,7 3,0 7,4 5,2 7,8

NOTE 1: Slings having working loads below 1 tonne are usually marked in kilograms. 1t = 1000 kg.NOTE 2: This table is for rating purposes only and does not indicate proposed methods of use.NOTE 3: The handling tolerance for fibre rope slings or parts of fibre rope slings indicated as vertical is7°NOTE 4: The WLL for form B (4-strand, shroud-laid) is 10% less.NOTE 5: Mode factor M for symmetrical positioning of load.

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Table B.6. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of polypropylene ropes according to EN 699,Form A (3-strand hawser laid) and Form L (8-strand plaited) constructions for endless slings

Working load limits WLLStraight l ift Choked lift Basket hitch, Basket hitch, parallel


Form A

mm

Form L

mm

M = 2

t

M = 1,6

t

M = 2,8

β = 0°≤

45°t

M = 4

t

16 16 0,96 0,76 1,3 1,9

18 --- 1,2 0,96 1,7 2,420 20 1,5 1,2 2,0 3,022 --- 1,8 1,4 2,6 3,624 24 2,2 1,8 3,0 4,426 --- 2,4 1,9 3,4 4,828 28 2,8 2,2 4,0 5,630 --- 3,0 2,4 4,2 6,032 32 3,4 2,8 4,8 6,836 36 4,4 3,6 6,2 8,840 40 5,2 4,2 7,2 10,444 44 6,4 5,2 10,0 12,848 48 7,4 6,0 10,4 14,8


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Table B.7. — Working load limits for slings made of manila ropes according to EN 698, Form A (3-strandhawser laid) construction for single slings


parallel

Basket hitch,2

leg


rope

EN 698

M = 1,0

β=45°≥ 60°

Form A

mm

M = 1

t

M = 0,8

t

M =2, parallel

t

M = 1,4

β = 0°≤

45t

M = 2,1

β = 0°≤

45t

16 0,26 0,2 0,52 0,36 0,55

18 0,32 0,25 0,64 0,45 0,6720 0,4 0,32 0,8 0,56 0,8422 0,47 0,38 0,95 0,65 1,024 0,58 0,46 1,15 0,81 1,226 0,68 0,54 1,35 0,95 1,428 0,78 0,62 1,55 1,1 1,630 0,88 0,7 1,75 1,2 1,832 1,0 0,8 2,0 1,4 2,136 1,3 1,0 2,6 1,8 2,740 1,5 1,2 3,0 2,1 3,244 1,8 1,4 3,6 2,5 3,848 2,2 1,8 4,4 3,1 4,6

NOTE 1: Slings having working loads below 1 tonne are usually marked in kilograms. 1t = 1000 kg.NOTE 2: This table is for rating purposes only and does not indicate proposed methods of use.NOTE 3: The handling tolerance f or fibre rope slings or parts of fibre rope slings indicated as verticalis 7°NOTE 4: The WLL for form B (4-strand, shroud-laid) is 10% less.NOTE 5: Mode factor M for symmetrical positioning of load.

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Table B.8. — Working load limits for slings made of manila ropes according to EN 698, Form A (3-strandhawser laid) construction for endless slings

Working load limits WLLStraight lift Choked lift Basket hitch, Basket hitch,

parallel


Form A

mm

M = 2

t

M = 1,6

t

M = 2,8

β = 0°≤

45°t

M = 4

t

16 0,52 0,4 0,72 1,05

18 0,64 0,5 0,9 1,320 0,8 0,64 1,1 1,622 0,95 0,76 1,3 1,924 1,15 0,92 1,6 2,326 1,35 1,1 1,9 2,728 1,55 1,25 2,2 3,130 1,75 1,4 2,4 3,532 2,0 1,6 2,8 4,036 2,6 2,0 3,6 5,240 3,0 2,4 4,2 6,044 3,6 2,8 5,0 7,248 4,4 3,6 6,2 8,8


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Table B.9. — Working load limits for slings made of sisal ropes according to EN 698, Form A (3-strandhawser laid) construction for single slings


parallel

Basket hitch,2

leg


rope

EN 698

M = 1,0

β=45°≥ 60°

Form A

mm

M = 1

t

M = 0,8

t

M =2, parallel

t

M = 1,4

β = 0°≤

45t

M = 2,1

β = 0°≤

45t

16 0,22 0,18 0,44 0,3 0,46

18 0,27 0,22 0,54 0,38 0,5720 0,36 0,29 0,72 0,5 0,7522 0,43 0,35 0,86 0,6 0,924 0,52 0,42 1,05 0,73 1,126 0,6 0,48 1,2 0,85 1,328 0,68 0,54 1,35 0,95 1,430 0,78 0,62 1,55 1,1 1,632 0,88 0,7 1,75 1,2 1,836 1,1 0,9 2,2 1,5 2,340 1,4 1,1 2,8 2,0 2,944 1,6 1,3 3,2 2,2 3,448 1,9 1,5 3,8 2,7 4,0

NOTE 1: Slings having working loads below 1 tonne are usually marked in kilograms. 1t = 1000 kg.NOTE 2: This table is for rating purposes only and does not indicate proposed methods of use.NOTE 3: The handling tolerance f or fibre rope slings or parts of fibre rope slings indicated as verticalis 7°NOTE 4: The WLL for form B (4-strand, shroud-laid) is 10% less.NOTE 5: Mode factor M for symmetrical positioning of load.

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Table B.10. — Working load limits for slings made of sisal ropes according to EN 698, Form A (3-strandhawser laid) construction for endless slings



Form A

mm

M = 2

t

M = 1,6

t

M = 2,8

β = 0°≤

45°t

M = 4

t

16 0,44 0,36 0,6 0,88

18 0,54 0,44 0,76 1,0820 0,72 0,58 1,0 1,4522 0,86 0,7 1,2 1,7524 1,05 0,84 1,45 2,126 1,2 0,96 1,7 2,428 1,35 1,1 1,9 2,730 1,55 1,25 2,2 3,132 1,75 1,4 2,4 3,536 2,2 1,8 3,0 4,440 2,8 2,2 4,0 5,644 3,2 2,6 4,4 6,448 3,8 3,0 5,4 7,6


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Table B.11. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of hemp ropes according to EN 1261, Form A(3-strand hawser laid) construction for single slings


parallel

Basket hitch,2

leg


rope

EN 1261

M = 1,0

β=45°≥ 60°

Form A

mm

M = 1

t

M = 0,8

t

M =2, parallel

t

M = 1,4

β = 0°≤

45t

M = 2,1

β = 0°≤

45t

16 0,25 0,2 0,5 0,35 0,52

18 0,3 0,24 0,6 0,42 0,6320 0,35 0,28 0,7 0,5 0,7322 0,43 0,35 0,86 0,6 0,924 0,5 0,4 1,0 0,7 1,0526 0,6 0,48 1,2 0,85 1,328 0,7 0,56 1,4 1,0 1,530 0,8 0,64 1,6 1,1 1,732 0,9 0,72 1,8 1,3 1,936 1,2 0,96 2,4 1,7 2,540 1,4 1,1 2,8 2,0 2,944 1,6 1,3 3,2 2,2 3,448 2,0 1,6 4,0 2,8 4,2


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Table B.12. — Working load limits for fibre rope slings made of hemp ropes according to EN 1261, Form A(3-strand hawser laid) construction for endless slings



Form A

mm

M = 2

t

M = 1,6

t

M = 2,8

β = 0°≤

45°t

M = 4

t

16 0,5 0,4 0,7 1,0

18 0,6 0,48 0,84 1,220 0,7 0,56 1,0 1,422 0,86 0,7 1,2 1,7524 1,0 0,8 1,4 2,026 1,2 0,96 1,7 2,428 1,4 1,1 2,0 2,830 1,6 1,3 2,2 3,232 1,8 1,45 2,6 3,636 2,4 1,9 3,4 4,840 2,8 2,2 4,0 5,644 3,2 2,6 4,4 6,448 4,0 3,2 5,6 8,0


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Annex C (informative) Suggested content of information to be provided bythe manufacturer with fibre rope slings

C.1 Use of fibre rope slings in adverse conditions and hazardous applications

C.1.1 The material from which fibre rope slings are manufactured have selective resistance to chemicals. Theresistance of the fibres to chemicals is summarized below:

a) polyamides are virtually immune to the effects of alkalis; however, they are attacked by mineral acids;

b) polyester is resistant to mineral acids but is damaged by alkalis;

c) polypropylene is little affected by acids or alkalis and is suitable where the highest resistance tochemicals other than solvents is required;

d) natural fibres are degraded by acids, alkalis and certain organic solvents.

Solutions of acids or alkalis which are harmless can become sufficiently concentrated by evaporation to causedamage. Contaminated slings should be taken out of service at once, soaked in cold water, dried naturally andreferred to a competent person for examination.

Slings with grade 8 fittings and multi-leg slings with grade 8 master links should not be used in acidic conditions.Contact with acids or acidic fumes causes hydrogen embrittlement to grade 8 materials.

It should be noted that the effects of chemicals may increase with rising temperature.

If exposure to chemicals is likely, the manufacturer or supplier should be consulted.

C.1.2 Fibre rope slings are suitable for use and storage in the following temperature ranges:

a) manila, sisal, hemp and polypropylene: -40°C to 80°C;

b) polyester and polyamide: -40°C to 100°C.

At low temperatures ice formation will take place if moisture is present. This may act as a cutting agent and anabrasive causing internal damage to the sling. Further, ice will lessen the flexibility of the sling, in extreme casesrendering it unserviceable for use.

These ranges vary in a chemical environment, in which case the advice of the manufacturer or supplier should besought.

Limited indirect ambient heating, within these ranges, is acceptable for drying.

C.1.3 The man-made fibres from which the rope is produced are susceptible to degradation if exposed to ultra-violet radiation. Similarly, natural fibres may be subject to drying age embrittlement is exposed to direct sunlight.Fibre rope slings should not therefore be exposed or stored in direct sunlight or sources of ultra-violet radiation.

Mildew will attack natural fibre rope if it is stored wet and/or in damp conditions and/or stagnant air. The mould willlive on the cellulose of the rope and in consequence, a loss of strength will occur. Mildew does not attack man-made fibre ropes, although surface contamination may provide a nutrient which permits its growth. This will notaffect the strength of man-made fibre rope and may be removed by washing them in clear water – detergentsshould not be used. Fibre rope sling which have accidentally become wet in use, eg due to rain, should be carefullydried before placing them in store.

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C.2 Inspection of fibre rope slings in service

C.2.1 Before first use of the sling, it should be ensured that:

a) the sling corresponds precisely to that specified on the order;b) the manufacturer’s certificate is to hand;

c) the identification and WLL marked on the sling correspond with the information on the certificate.

C.2.2 Before each use, the sling should be inspected for defects and to ensure that the identification andspecification are correct. A sling that is unidentified or defective should never be used, but should be referred to acompetent person for examination.

C.2.3 During the period of use, frequent checks should be made for defects or damage, including damageconcealed by soiling, which might affect the continued safe use of the sling. These checks should extend to anyfittings and lifting accessories used in association with the sling. If any doubt exists as to the fitness for use, or ifany of the required markings have been lost or become illegible, the sling should be removed from service forexamination by a competent person.

The following are examples of defects or damage likely to affect the fitness of slings for continued safe use:

a) General external wear due to abrasion. Abrasion causes a breakdown of the filaments and fibres and isreadily observed. In ordinary use, some disarrangement or breaking of the fibres is to be expected and,if not excessive, is harmless. Areas of server abrasion, as distinct from general wear, f or example,caused by the passage of the rope sling over a sharp edge whilst under tension, will cause a seriousloss of strength. Serious reduction in the section of one strand would warrant rejection.

b) Surface chafe, cuts and mechanical damage. The vulnerability of rope slings to wear and mechanicaldamage increases inversely with cross sectional area. Smaller ropes have all or most of the yarns onthe outside of the strand and hence the effect of chafing is more sever. Larger ropes have strandscomposed of concentric rings of yarn and such chafing has to be proportionally deeper to have the sameeffect. Cuts, which may be difficult to detect when first inflicted, have a serious effect on the strength ofthe rope. They may be indicated by local fraying of the yarns or strands.

c) Internal wear. Internal wear, caused by repeated loading and flexing of the rope when under tension, isindicated by excessive looseness of the strands or by the presence of fibre dust within the rope. Internalwear is accelerated by the penetration of grit and other sharp particles into the rope.

d) Chemical attack. Chemical attack results in local weakening or softening of the rope. This is indicated byflaking of the surface fibres, which may be plucked or rubbed off (as a powder in extreme cases).

e) Heat or friction damage. Heat damage of natural fibre ropes is indicated by charring of the fibres, whilstman-made fibres take on a glazed appearance, and in extreme cases, fusion of the fibres occurs. A ropemay be severely weakened by heat without observable indications.

f) Damaged, cracked or deformed fittings.

C.3 Correct selection and use of fibre rope slings

C.3.1 In selecting and specifying fibre rope slings, consideration should be given to the required working loadlimit, taking into account the mode of use and the nature of the load to be lifted. The size, shape and weight of theload, together with the intended method of use, working environment and nature of the load all affect the correctselection.

The selected sling should be both strong enough and the correct length for the mode of use. The material fromwhich the fibre rope sling is made should not be affected adversely by the environment or the load. If more thanone sling is used to lift a load, the slings should be chosen such that the sling forming each leg is not overloadedand that the load remains balanced and stable.

Consideration should also be given to ancillary fittings and lifting devices which should be compatible with thesling(s). The termination should be also considered, ie whether fittings, hard eyes or soft eyes are required.

C.3.2 The part of the lifting appliance, lifting accessory or load with which the rope engages should be not lessthan the nominal diameter of the load.

When using slings with soft eyes, care should be taken to ensure that the eye is of sufficient size so that the liftingmachine hook to which the eye is fitted, or lifting accessory which may be placed in the eye, does not open the eye

so that the included angle between the two parts of the rope is greater than 30°.

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C.3.3 Fibre rope slings should not be overloaded: the correct mode factor should be used (see figure 10 andtables B.1 to B.12 inclusive). Working load limits for some modes of use may be given on the label. In the case ofmulti-leg slings the maximum angle to the vertical should not be exceeded.

C.3.4 Good slinging practices should be followed: the slinging, lifting and lower operations should be plannedbefore commencing the lift.

C.3.5 Fibre rope slings should be correctly positioned and attached to the load in a safe manner. They shouldnever be knotted or twisted.

Damage to labels should be prevented by keeping them away from the load, the hook and the angle of choke.

C.3.6 In the case of multi-leg slings, the WLL values have been determined on the basis that the loading of thesling assembly is symmetrical. This means that when a load is lifted the sling legs are symmetrically disposed inplan and subtended at the same angle to the vertical.

In the case of 3 leg slings, if the legs are not symmetrically disposed in plan the greatest tension is in the leg wherethe sum of the plan angles to the adjacent legs is greatest. The same effect occurs in 4 leg slings, except that therigidity of the load should also be taken into account.

NOTE With a rigid load the majority of the weight may be taken by only three, or even two, of the legs, with

the remaining legs only serving to balance the load.

C.3.7 Slings should be protected from edges, friction and abrasion, whether from the load or the lifting appliance,by the use of protective sleeves, suitable packing and/or corner pieces.

C.3.8 The load should be secured by the sling(s) in such a manner that it cannot topple or fall out of the sling(s)during the lift. The sling(s) should be arranged so that the point of lift is directly above the centre of gravity of theload and the load is balanced and stable. Movement of the sling over the lifting point is possible if the centre ofgravity of the load is not below the lifting point.

When using basket hitch, the load should be secure since there is no gripping action as the choke hitch and slingcan roll through the lifting point. For slings used in pairs, the use of a spreader is recommended so that the slinglegs hang as vertically as possible and to ensure that the load is equally divided between the legs.

When a sling is used in choke hitch, it should be positioned so as to allow the natural (120°) angle to form andavoid heat being generated by friction. A sling should never be forced into position nor any attempt made to tightenthe bite.

C.3.9 Care should be taken to ensure the safety of personnel during the lift. Persons in the danger area shouldbe warned that the operation is to take place and, if necessary, evacuated from the immediate area.

Hands and other parts of the body should be kept away from the sling to prevent injury as the slack is taken up.

Reference should also be made to ISO 12480-1 for planning and management of the lifting operation and adoptionof safe systems of working.

C.3.10 A trial lift should be made. The slack should be taken up until the sling is taut. The load should be raisedslightly and a check made that it is secure and assumes the position intended. This is especially important withbasket or other loose hitches where friction retains the load.

If the load tends to tilt, it should be lowered and attachments re-positioned. The trial lift should be repeated until thestability of the load is ensured.

C.3.11 Care should be taken when making the lift to ensure that the load is controlled, eg to prevent accidentalrotation or collision with other objects.

Snatch or shock loading should be avoided, as this will increase the forces acting on the sling.

A load in the sling or the sling itself should not be dragged over the ground or rough surfaces.

C.3.12 The load should be lowered in an equally controlled manner as when lifted.

Trapping the sling when lowering the load should be avoided. The load should not rest on the sling, if this couldcause damage and pulling the sling from beneath the load when the load is resting on it should not be attempted.

C.3.13 On completion of the lifting operation the sling should be returned to proper storage.

When not in use, slings should be stored in clean, dry and well ventilated conditions, at ambient temperature andon a rack, away from any heat sources, contact with chemicals, fumes, corrodible surfaces, direct sunlight or othersources of ultra-violet radiation.

C.3.14 Prior to placing in storage, slings should be inspected for any damage which may have occurred duringuse. Slings should never be returned damaged to storage.

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C.3.15 Where lifting slings have come into contact with acids and/or alkalis, dilution with water or neutralizationwith suitable media is recommended prior to storage.

Depending on the material of the lifting sling and the chemicals referred to in C.1.1, it may be necessary in somecases to request from the supplier additional recommendations on the cleaning procedure to be followed after thesling has been used in the presence of chemicals.

C.3.16 Slings which have become wet in use, or as a result of cleaning, should be hung up and allowed to drynaturally.

C.4 Examination and repair

Examination periods should be determined by a competent person, taking into account the application,environment, frequency of use and similar matters, but in any event slings should be visually examined at leastannually by a competent person to establish their fitness for continued use.

Records of such examinations should be maintained.

Damaged slings should be withdrawn from service. Never attempt to carryout repairs to slings yourself.

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Annex Z (informative)

Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or otherprovisions of EU-Directives

This European Standard has been prepared under a Mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and with the exception of clause 8 supports the essential requirements of EUDirective 98/37/EC.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling withinthe scope of this standard.

Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements of theDirective concerned and associated with EFTA regulations.

7/30/2019 EN 1492-4 (E)


prEN 1492-4:2000

Bibliography

Informative reference is made in this document to the following publications:

EN ISO 9002 Quality systems – model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing

ISO 1833 Textiles – Binary fibre mixtures – Quantitive chemical analysis

ISO 2076 Man-made fibres – Generic names

ISO 6938 Textiles – Natural fibres – Generic names and definitions

ISO 12480-1 Cranes – Safe use- Part 1: General

EN 1492-4 (E)

Documents

Transcript of EN 1492-4 (E)