Empowerment and participation
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Transcript of Empowerment and participation
EMPOWERMENT AND
PARTICIPATION
What is Empowerment ?
Empowerment is any process that provides greater autonomy.
Broad Approaches of Empowerment
Job mastery
Control and Accountability
Role models
Broad Approaches of Empowerment
Social reinforcement and persuasionEmotional Support
THE NATURE OF EMPOWERMENT AND PARTICIPATION
Figure 8-1 The process of empowerment
Behavioral Tools to attack powerlessness problem:
Mutual Goal Settings
Job Feedback
Modeling
Behavioral Tools to attack powerlessness problem:
Contingent Reward System Participative Management
The Process of Empowerment
What is Participation?
Mental and Emotional involvement of people in group situations that encourages them to contribute to group goals and share responsibility for them.
PARTICIPATION IS …
Involvement (ego )
Contribution (creativity )
Responsibility ( build teamwork )
Improved Performance
Higher Job Satisfaction
Spirit
Participation leads to …
Desire
Expectation
Ethical Imperatives
Participation leads to …
Higher Output
Better Quality
Creativity
Benefits of Participation
Innovation
Higher Motivation
Reduced turn –over and absences
Better communication
The Participative Process
The Impact of Managerial Power
1. Leader – Member Exchange
Reciprocal relationship develops
High Quality relationship results in greater decision influence.
The Impact of Managerial Power
Participative managers retain final authority
2. TWO VIEWS OF POWER
Pre –requisite of Participation
Adequate time to Participate
Potential benefits greater than costs.
Relevance to Employee interests
Pre –requisite of Participation
Adequate employee abilities
to deal with the subject
Mutual ability to communicate
Pre –requisite of Participation
No feeling of threat to either party
Restriction to the area of job freedom
Contingency Factors
1. Emotional Intelligence
2. Differing employee needs for participation
1. Under Participation
2. Over Participation
3. Responsibilities of employees and manager
Responsibilities of Employees and Manager
1. All employees should agree to:
1.1 Be responsible for their actions
1.2 Operates within the relevant
organizational policies
Responsibilities of Employees and Manager
1.3 Be contributing team members
1.4 Respects and seek to use the perspective of others
1.5 Be dependable and ethical in their empowered actions.
Responsibilities of Employees and Manager
1.6 Demonstrate responsible self – leadership
2. Responsibilities of Managers:
2.1 Identify the issues to be addressed
2.2 Specifying the level of involvement desired.
Responsibilities of Employees and Manager
2.3 Providing relevant information and training.
2.4 Allocating fair rewards
PROGRAMS FOR PARTICIPATION
Programs for Participation
Suggestion Programs
Quality Emphasis
Quality Circles
Programs for Participation
Total Quality Management
Self - Managing Team
Employee Ownership Plans
Limitation of Participation
Theory X beliefs and assumptions
Lack of support from higher levels
Manager Fear of Lost (Power , Status ,Control )
Limitation of Participation
Lack of adequate training
1. Manager
2. Employees
Problems encountered in early stages
Limitation of Participation
Substantial efforts needed to implement
What is Servant Leadership?
Servant Leadership
Placing the needs of others above one’s own self - interest.
Key Behavior of Servant Leadership
Listen actively and empathetically
Engage in introspection to understand better one’s own attitudes and feelings.
Treat others with respect as equals.
Key Behavior of Servant Leadership
Engage in dialogue and paraphrasing to ensure understandings.
Affirm the worth and contributions of others.
Key Behavior of Servant Leadership
Admit mistakes and ask for help.
Build trust by articulating values and acting consistently with them.
"Power can be taken, but not given. The process of the taking is empowerment in itself."
~ Gloria Steinem ~
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