Employee safety and health and related Laws in Pakistan
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Transcript of Employee safety and health and related Laws in Pakistan
Employee Safety and Health
Aim
To apprise the class with following:
• Importance of work place Safety
• Major causes of Accidents
• Accident preventions
• Safety & Health laws In Pakistan
Introduction
Introduction
Part-IWhy Safety is Important
Safety and Health at Workplace
• Employer’s responsibilities– Provide a safe and healthy workplace.– Familiar with safety and health standards.– Ensure workplace conditions conform to safety
standards.
• Employer’s rights– Seek advice from government agencies.– Receive advice on safety and health regulations.
Safety and Health at Workplace
• Employee’s responsibilities– Follow all employer safety and health rules
and regulations.
–Report hazardous conditions to the supervisor.
• Employee’s rights–Demand safety and health on the job
without fear of punishment.
Management Commitment
• Accidents can be prevented by reducing accident-causing conditions and accident-causing acts.
• Safety starts with management commitment.
• Management to be personally involved in safety activities.
Management Commitment
• Give safety matters high priority.
• Provide safety training to all workers.
• Safety policy
• Analyze accidents and take corrective / preventive actions.
Part-IIWhat Causes Accidents?
What Causes Accidents?
Three basic causes of workplace accidents:1. Chance occurrence• Beyond management control.
2. Unsafe conditions
3. Unsafe acts on the part of the employees
Unsafe Conditions
What Causes Accidents?
• Unsafe conditions– Improperly guarded equipment– Defective equipment– Hazardous procedures in, on, or around
machines or equipment– Unsafe storage—congestion, overloading– Improper illumination—glare, insufficient light– Improper ventilation—insufficient air change,
impure air source
Danger ZonesHigh Danger Zones• Forklifts, wheel barrows and other
handling and lifting areas.• Metal and woodworking machines
and saws• Transmission Machinery• Stairs, ladders and scaffolds• Crane Operations
Danger Zones
• Work Schedules / Fatigue• Workplace “Climate” or
“Psychology”• Stress and Pressure • Hostility Amongst Employees• Blighted living conditions
Second Basic Cause of Accidents
Part-IIIHow to Prevent Accidents?
Reducing unsafe conditions
Safety engineers to design jobs to remove or reduce physical hazards
Use of safety checklist Special safety gear e.g. cut resistant
gloves Personal protective equipment to fit
properly and trained on usage
Reducing Unsafe Acts
Reducing unsafe acts by emphasizing safety– Through screening, training and incentive programs– Supervisors to show by example:• Praise employees if they show safe behavior• Listen when employees offer safety suggestions or
complaints• Follow safety rules• Visit plants regularly• Tell employees about safety activities• Link bonus to safety improvements
Reducing Unsafe Acts Selection and Placement
Reducing unsafe acts through selection– Screening through recruitment and selection stage to
isolate traits that may predict accidents on the job
Reducing unsafe acts through training– Multi-lingual Safety training
Reducing unsafe acts through motivation– Safety posters serve as constant reminders but not a
substitute for a comprehensive safety program
– Incentive scheme reinforce positive attitude toward safety
How to Prevent AccidentsBehavior-Based Safety– Identifying the worker behaviors that contribute to
accidents and then training workers to avoid these behaviors
Use employee participation– 2 reasons to get employees involved in designing
safety program:• People doing the actual job knows best
• Easier to get employees to accept safety program
– Appointing employees as members of safety teams
How to Prevent Accidents
Conduct safety inspections– Routine inspection on all premises for
safety and health problems, using checklists as aids.
– Involve employees in safety committees.
Part-IVSafety and Health laws
In Pakistan
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
• There is no independent legislation.• The main law, which governs is the Chapter 3
of Factories Act, 1934.• The Hazardous Occupations Rules, 1963
under the authority of Factories Act is another relevant legislation. – These rules specify some hazardous occupations.– Authorize the Chief Inspector of Factories to
declare any other process as hazardous.
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Related Laws• Dock Laborers Act, 1934• Mines Act, 1923• Workmen Compensation Act, 1923• Provincial Employees Social Security Ordinance,
1965• West Pakistan Shops and Establishments
Ordinance, 1969• Boilers and Pressure Vessels Ordinance, 2002
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Health and safety provisions under the factories act, 1934
Chapter 3 of the Act has general provisions on health and safety at the workplace. Provincial governments are allowed to make rules under
this Act and inspectors under this Act also have discretion in defining the rules.
Chapter 3 refers to various safety arrangements.
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Labor law covers the following issues.• Cleanliness• Disposal of wastes and effluents• Ventilation and temperature• Dust and fume• Artificial humidification.• Overcrowding• Lighting• Drinking water• Latrines and urinals• Spittoons
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
• Precautions against contagious or infectious disease• Compulsory vaccination and inoculation• Power to make rules for the provision of canteens• Welfare officer• Precautions in case of fire• Fencing of machinery• Work on or near machinery in motion• Employment of young persons on dangerous machines
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
• Striking gear and devices for cutting off power• Self-acting machines• Casing of new machinery• Prohibition of employment of women and children
near cotton openers• Cranes and other lifting machinery• Hoists and lifts• Revolving machinery• Pressure plant
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
• Floors, stairs and means of access• Pits, sumps, opening in floors, etc.• Excessive weights• Protection of eyes • Power to require specifications of defective parts
or tests of stability• Safety of building, machinery and manufacturing
process
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
• Precautions against dangerous fumes• Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc.• Notice of certain accidents
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Chapter 5 of the Mines Act provides for various health and safety arrangements. Similar provisions in the Pakistan Dock Laborers Regulations for dockworkers.
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
How Government Ensures Enforcement All the laws require the appropriate government (Federal or
Provincial) to appoint qualified individuals as inspectors. It is the duty of inspectors to enforce these laws. The usual powers of inspectors include the right to enter and
inspect any workplace, taking evidence from persons for carrying out their duties.
A person can’t be appointed as inspector or continue to hold the office of inspector if he or she becomes directly or indirectly interested in the workplace (it is factory under the Factories Act, a dock or a ship under Dock Laborers Act and a mine under the Mines Act.
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Special provisions on working of women and adolescents in factories or mines
Pakistan has ratified the following conventions relating to the special treatment for women and adolescents in the occupational safety and health context.
• C45 Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 • C89 Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948• C90 Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1948
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Special provisions on working of women and adolescents in factories or mines
Article 2 of the C45 requires that no women should be employed in on underground work in any mine. In accordance with the provision of this convention, article 23-C (1) of Mines Act prohibits the employment of women in any underground mine.
As for young persons, who are not seventeen years of age yet, they can’t also be employed in any part of a mine unless they present a certificate of fitness on a prescribed form by a qualified medical practitioner (section 26-A of Mines Act).
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Special provisions on working of women and adolescents in factories or mines
For safety reasons and under the above conventions, labor laws also limit the employment of women and adolescents at night. Section 45 of Factories Act limits the employment of women up to only 07:00 p.m. (or if employer arranges for pick and drop and with employees own accord), a female worker may worker until 10 p.m. Section 54 of the Act requires that children (over the age of 14 years) should not be employed after 07 p.m.
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Special provisions on working of women and adolescents in factories or mines
Provision on prohibition on employment of children and women in any part of the factory for pressing cotton in which a cotton-opener is at work (section 32). The referred section also talks about certain exemptions from this provision.
Section 33-M authorizes the provincial government to make rules prohibiting the employment of children (above the age of fourteen) to any specified class of factories or to any specified parts thereof.
Cont’d
Safety and Health laws In Pakistan
Special provisions on working of women and adolescents in factories or mines
Section 28 of the Factories Act also requires that no young person shall operate a machine until he has received sufficient training for operating it and is under adequate supervision by some other person with thorough knowledge and experience of machine.
Note: the term young person has been used collectively for children and adolescents. The Employment of Children Act 1991 defines a child as the one who has not completed fourteen years of age while an adolescent is defined as the one whose age is greater than 14 years but less than 18 years.
Cont’d
Conclusion