empl_051970

EMPLOYMENTAND EARNINGS

VOL. 16 NO. 11 M A Y 1 9 7 O

Joseph M. Finerty, EditorJohn E. Bregger, Associate Editor

CONTENTS

Page

Employment and unemployment developments, April 1970 2New statistics on reasons why workers are unemployed 5Teenage employment requirements in the summer of 1970

for select urban areas 10Charts 12Statistical tables

Monthly 21Annual averages-State and area, 1967-69 115

Map-location of areas in the current employment statisticsprogram - 1969 133

Area definitions 134Technical note 138

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Employment and Unemployment Developments,April 1970

Unemployment increased for the fourth con-secutive month in April. The overall rate rosesharply from 4.4 to 4.8 percent, the highest pointsince April 1965. Nearly all of the increase oc-curred among male full-time workers.

Nonfarm payroll employment, after seasonaladjustment, declined by 90,000 in April as aresult of increased strike activity. In manufac-turing, a large decline in employment was ac-companied by a decrease in the factory work-week.

Unemployment

The number of unemployed persons, whichusually falls significantly in April, declinedmuch less than usual this April. As a result,after seasonal adjustment, unemployment wasup by 300,000 to 3.9 million.

Since December, unemployment has risen by1.1 million. About 450,000 of the increase oc-curred among persons who had lost their lastjobs, 300,000 was among reentrants to the laborforce, 200,000 among persons who had neverworked before, and 125,000 among job leavers.(See the new table A-35 containing seasonallyadjusted data on reasons for unemployment.)

Thus far this year, the unemployment ratehas risen from 3.5 percent in December to 4.8percent in April. Although both full-time andpart-time jobless rates have risen since De-cember, the unemployment increase has beensubstantially greater among full-time workers.In April, nearly all of the increase occurredamong full-time workers, whose rate rose from4.0 to 4.4 percent.

The unemployment rate for adult men rosefrom 2.9 to 3.2 percent between March andApril, while that for married men increasedfrom 2.2 to 2.4 percent. Both rates have risensteadily since December and are back to thelevels of mid-1965. The jobless rate for adult

women was virtually unchanged in April at 4.4percent; however, it was up nearly a full per-centage point since December. The increase injoblessness has not been as great for adultwomen as for men over this period.

The teenage unemployment rate moved upsharply in April, after changing very little inrecent months. Their rate rose from 13.9 to 15.7percent, also the highest point in 5 years.

The jobless rate for workers covered by Stateunemployment insurance programs rose from2.7 to 3.1 percent in April, the highestrate sinceMay 1965. This rate has been rising since lastSeptember. A year ago, the rate was 2.1 percent.

The unemployment rate for Negro workersrose much more markedly than for whites inApril, climbing from 7.1 to 8.7 percent. Thewhite rate increased from 4.1 to 4.3 percent.After remaining less than double the white ratesince last fall, the ratio of Negro-to-white job-less rates returned to the 2-to-l relationshipthat has prevailed for many years* The largerover-the-month increase for Negroes occurrednot only among adult men and teenagers but alsoamong adult women*

Among occupation g r o u p s , unemploymentrates rose over the month for clerical and salesworkers andfor craftsmen and nonfarm laborers*Although jobless rates for professional and tech-nical workers, operatives, and service workerswere about unchanged from March, they have allmoved up considerably in recent months.

Although the only significant industry joblessrate increases over the month occurred amongworkers last employed in trade and transporta-tion and public utilities* rates in the other indus-tries remained well above levels of the fall of1969. Until April, these two industries had ex-perienced only moderate unemployment in-creases. However, the increases in both tradeand transportation in April were partly due to the


secondary effects of the strike in the truckingindustry. Jobless rates in manufacturing (4.8percent) and construction (8.1 percent) were un-changed for the second consecutive month, afterrising in February.

Short-term unemployment of less than 5 weeksduration rose by 300,000 in April to 2.3 million,the highest level since this series began in 1948.Unemployment of 15 weeks or over was about un-changed in April at 575,000. As a result, long-term unemployment as a proportion of the laborforce remained at its March level of 0.7 percent*

Along with the rise in unemployment in April,there was also an increase of 425,000 in thenumber of persons who were working part timefor economic reasons, such as slack work, ma-terial shortages, could find only part-time work,or started or stopped a job during the week. Asa result of these developments, the percent oflabor force time lost by the unemployed and bypersons involuntarily working part time in-creased from 4.8 percent in March to 5.1 per-cent in April. (Labor force time lost is a meas-ure of man-hours lost as a percent of potentiallyavailable labor force man-hours.) As with theoverall unemployment rate, the hours-lost ratewas at its highest point since the spring of 1965.

Civilian Labor Force andTotal Employment

The civilian labor force increased in line withseasonal expectations in April. After seasonaladjustment, the labor force was virtually un-changed from the March level of 86.1 million.Although the adult male labor force rose slightly,the adult women and teenage labor forces wereunchanged, after increasing sharply in recentmonths.

Total employment also increased in April,mostly due to the normal upsurge in agriculture.Nonagricultural employment did not show itsusual March-to-April gain and, as a result, em-ployment fell by 225,000 after seasonal adjust-ment.

Since December, the labor force has increasedby 1.3 million persons (seasonally adjusted)625,000 adult men, 400,000 adult women, and

275,000 teenagers. Employment growth, how-ever, has reached a virtual standstill.

Industry Payroll Employment

Employment on nonagricultural payrolls in-creased slightly less than usual in April and,after seasonal adjustment, was down by 90,000.However* the decline was due entirely to newstrike activity in construction, transportationand public utilities, and government* (Workerson strike are not counted as employed in the pay-roll employment series, whereas they are clas-sified as "employedwith a job but not at work"in the household series.)

As has been true since early fall, over-the-month increases in service-producing industrieswere about counter-balanced by declines in man-ufacturing. Employment in manufacturing de-clined by 145,000 (seasonally adjusted) betweenMarch and April, with virtually all of the cut-backs occurring within the durable goods sector.The largest decrease occurred in transportationequipment (40,000), primarily due to continuedlayoffs in the automobile and aircraft industries.Large declines also occurred in the fabricatedmetal products, primary metal, electrical equip-ment, and food industries. There were smallerbut widespread declines in many other manufac-turing industries. Since the early fall of 1969,employment in manufacturing had dropped by475,000.

Contract construction employment declinedby 65,000 in April, after seasonal adjustment,with over two-thirds of the drop due to in-creased strike activity. The level of employmentin construction was about the same as a yearago.

Payroll employment advances were posted ingovernment (90,000), trade (35,000), and in serv-ices and finance, insurance, and real estate. Thelarge gain in government reflected the additionalhiring of temporary Census workers. Since Feb-ruary, about 175,000 Census workers have beenhired by the Federal government.


Hours of Work

The workweek in manufacturing declined by0.& hour in April to 40.0 houi*s, seasonally ad-justed, returning to about the February level.Since December, the average workweek forfactory workers has fallen by nearly three-fourths of an hour* The over-the-month declinewas generally widespread, with the largest dropsoccurring in primary metals, machinery, chem-icals, and petroleum.

Factory overtime continued its downwardtrend of recent months, falling by 0.1 hour inApril to 3.0 hours. Since the 1969 high reachedin January, factory overtime has dropped by 0.8hour, to its lowest point in 6 years.

For all rank-and-file workers on private non-farm payrolls, average weekly hours in Aprilwere unchanged for the third consecutive monthat 37.4 hours (seasonally adjusted). Since earlyfall, the workweek was off by 0.4 hour. Among

the major industry divisions, an over-the-monthincrease in the construction workweek was off-set by reductions in manufacturing, mining, andfinance.Earnings

Average hourly earnings for production andnonsupervisory workers on private payrollsedged up by 1 cent in April to $3.18* Comparedwith a year ago, hourly earnings were up 20 centsor 6.7 percent.

Average weekly earnings were virtually un-changed over the month. Among the major in-dustries, increases in weekly earnings in con-struction and trade were countered by declinesin manufacturing, mining, and finance, insurance,and real estate*

Over the year ending in March 1970, averageweekly earnings rose by 5.6 percent; after ad-justment for consumer price changes, however,earnings were down by 0.4 percent.


New Statistics on the Reasons Why Workers Are UnemployedKathryn D. Hoyle*

Regular publication of seasonally adjusteddata on unemployed persons, classified by thereason why they became unemployed, beginswith this issue of Employment and Earnings andwill continue on a monthly basis. Information onwhether unemployed persons had lost their lastjob, left it, or were entering the labor forceeither as reentrants or new workershas pre-viously been available only on an actual basis(not seasonally adjusted). The more detailedinformation, which is not seasonally adjusted,will continue to appear in table A-12.

Beginning with the current issue, a new table(A-35) is being presented which provides sea-sonally adjusted data on unemployed per sons wholost their last job, left their last job, reenteredthe labor force, or never worked before. Thesedata will be presented in terms of levels, per-cent distributions, and as a percent of the civil-ian labor force. The historical data for the newseasonally adjusted data from January 1967(when the series began) appear on page 9.

During the period that information on thereasons for unemployment has been available \the job-loser group has shown itself, to be themost sensitive to economic conditions. All ofthe decrease in unemployment that occurredfrom July 1967 to December 1968 (the recentlow point for the unemployment level) occurredin this group. Since then, unemployment hasbeen increasing, and job loss has constitutedalmost 55 percent of rise. Most of the restabout one-fourth of the totalhas been due to anincrease among unemployed reentrants.

Definitions

Unemployed persons by reason for unemploy-ment are divided into the f o l l o w i n g fourcategories:

I. Persons who lost their last jobA. Persons on layoff, either temporary or

indefinite.

B. All other job losers who had their em-ployment involuntarily terminated andwho began looking for work within acomparatively short time span (includ-ing persons forced to retire who im-mediately began look for work).

II. Persons who left their last job by volun-tarily terminating their employment andwho began looking for work within a com-paratively short time span (including per-sons who voluntarily retired and immed-iately began looking for work).

III. Persons who reentered the labor force andwho had previously worked at a full-timejob lasting 2 weeks or longer but were outof the labor force prior to beginning tolook for work*

IV. Persons who never worked before at afull-time job lasting 2 weeks or longerand who began looking for work.

When the above groups are calculated as apercent of the civilian labor force, the resultsare often called unemployment rates. However,they are not true unemployment rates as theterm is generally used. For most unemploymentrates, the numerator and denominator consistof groups with largely similar characteristics.For example, the unemployment rate for adultmen is "every unemployed adult male" dividedby "every adult male in the labor force," andthe unemployment rate for manufacturing is"every unemployed worker who last workedin manufacturing" divided by "the entire man-ufacturing labor force." Instead of this, thejob-loser rate is "unemployed job losers"divided by "everyone in the labor force;" thereentrant rate is " u n e m p l o y e d reentrants"

*Of the Division of Employment and Unem-ployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.


divided by "everyone in the labor force," andso forth. As the table below shows, in the caseof unemployed persons by reasons for unem-ployment, the composition of the numerator isgenerally dissimilar from the makeup of thedenominator, which is the civilian labor force.For example, nearly all of the new workers areteenagers, but, in order to obtain the new-worker rate, this group is divided by a laborforce that is overwhelmingly composed of adultworkers.

On the other hand, the ranges for the job-loserand reentrant ratesgroups which each ac-counted for 35 percent of unemployment in1969have been 0.7 and 0.5 percentage point,respectively. The smaller categories of unem-ploymentjob leavers and new workershadrates with ranges of only 0.2 and 0.3 percentagepoint, respectively.

Because of the limitations brought out above,the levels of unemployment by reason, rather

Unemployment and labor force in 1969(percent distribution)

UnemployedJob losers. . .Job leavers . .Reentrants . .New workers .

Civilian laborforce

Total

. 100.0

. 100.0

. 100.0

. 100.0

100.0

Males, 20 yearsof age and over

54.737.622.46.5

57.4

Females, 20 yearsof age and over

32.939.247.213.3

34.0

Both sexes, 16 to19 years of age

12.423.230.580.1

8.6

As a consequence of this anomaly, changes inthe unemployment situation for a particulargroup in any one short period of time may not bereflected in the rate for that group because thelabor force base may be reacting to influencescompletely unrelated to that particular group.For example, the level of unemployment for newworkers might begin to increase before the de-mand for experienced workers slackened; how-ever, if the civilian labor force were still

^growing, this would disguise the increase in new-worker unemployment as reflected in the new-worker rate.

Another caution on interpreting the rates byreason for unemployment is necessary. Sinceeach separate unemployed group is divided bythe entire labor force, as is total unemployment,the rates by reasons are additive to the vOtalunemployment rate. The smaller the unemploy-ment group when measured against the entirelabor force, the smaller is the change in therate that will be shown for it. For example, inthe 40 months ending in April 1970, the totalunemployment rate has varied between 3.3 and4.8 percenta range of 1.5 percentage points.

than the rates, are probably more valuable inanalyzing short-term trends.

Composition

Job losers. The underlying reasons why a per-son loses a job are perhaps the most easily andwidely understood. The individual job loser is aperson who often has little control over job loss,which may result from business failure, de-creased workload, m e c h a n i z a t i o n , seasonalwork, forced retirement, layoff, and so forth.A person also may be a job loser for reasonsother than economicdiscrimination by a sup-ervisor, poor work habits, inability to learn thenecessary skills, and other reasons. On an an-nual average basis in 1969, adult men con-stituted about 55 percent of all unemployed joblosers; women about 35 percent; and teenagersabout 10 percent.

Job leavers. The reasons why some peopleleave one job only to begin looking ffor anotherare varied. Some of the reasons for quitting ajob are unsuitable or unacceptable conditionssuch as differences with the boss, unpleasant


working conditions, low wages, no opportunityfor advancement. Some persons can look for abetter job while remaining on their present one;others have to quit in order to look. Other per-sons quit in anticipation of job loss. Three-fourthsof the unemployed job leavers in 1969 were adultworkers, about.equally divided between men andwomen.

Entrants. Reentrants and new workers oftenhave similar reasons for entering the laborforce, which vary more by age and sex than byprevious work experience. In 1969, nearly halfof the unemployed reentrants were adult women,30 percent were teenagers, and 20 percent wereadult men. The vast majority of new workers,however, were teenagers (80 percent).

Two-fifths of the unemployed entrants wereseeking temporary work in 1969; teenagers con-stituted 60 percent of this group. Although manyof these youngsters are not forced to work byeconomic necessity, some of them do need tem-porary jobs to help pay for school or familyexpenses. These young workers also need to ac-cumulate work experience, but their very lackof experience and their age make it especiallydifficult for them to find jobs.

Persons who had permanently left school(either graduates or dropouts) constituted a littlemore than 10 percent of the unemployed entrantsin 1969. Many of these youths had worked atsummer or part-time jobs and were looking fortheir first permanent full-time jobs.

Half of the unemployed entrants had variousc'other" reasons for entering the labor force.

The most frequently given ''other" reason isfinancial need. Also, some persons drop out ofthe labor force temporarily because of sicknessand return to look for work. Others leave thelabor force to supplement educational or voca-tional skills and return when the new skills havebeen acquired.

Divorce, s e p a r a t i o n , and illness or death ofa husband force many women to enter the jobmarket to support themselves and their chil-dren. Others leave the labor force when theirfamilies relocate but return to look for work

when the new household is set up. Still otherswho want to work can enter the labor force onlyafter their children have reached school age.

While seasonal work is the primary reasonfor reentry among adult men, other reasons in-clude discharge from the Armed Forces, illness,and, to a lesser extent, release from hospitals,prisons, or other insitutions.

Seasonal AdjustmentJProcedureIn developing seasonal adjustment factors for

the new series, the usual Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics procedures, which require 8 years ofdata, could not be used. The series on reasonsfor unemployment consisted of only 3 years ofdata, so a modified method was used. The tech-nique was a simple ratio to a 12-month centeredmoving average as described in standard statis-tical textbooks. This method was deemed par-ticularly applicable because the period for whichdata were available (1967-69) was free of anymarked cyclical patterns.

Because of the use of a different method ofseasonal adjustment, unemployment by reasonmay not add to precisely the same level or rateas total unemployment*]/

Standard Errors

Since the estimates for unemployment byreason are based on a sample, they may differfrom the figures that would have been obtainedif a complete census using the same schedulesand procedures had been possible. The standarderror is a measure of sampling variability, thatis, the variation that might occur by chance be-cause only a sample of the population is surveyed.

1/ Also, the introduction of the compositingmethod in the first 6 months of the new seriesintroduced differences from total unemploymentduring that period.


The standard errors at the 1.6-sigma levelof confidence for the seasonally adjusted levelsof u n e m p l o y m e n t by reason are givenbelow.

Standard error at 1.6 sigmaon seasonally adjusted un-employment level by reason(in thousands)

Month-to-Estimated level of month changeunemployment (in (consecutivethousands) Monthly level months only)

100 20 25200 29 353 0 0 . . . . 35 43400 41 50500 46 56600 50 61700 54 65800 '.'.'. 1 . ' . ' . . . ' 58 70900 61 74

1,000 64 771,500.. . . 79 942,000 91 1072,500 102 1173,000 HI 127

The standard errors for the unemploymentrates by reason vary from each other only whenthe percents differ. This is because all four ratesare computed on the same base the entirecivilian labor force. Therefore, if the job-loserand new-worker rates were identical, theirstandard errors would be the same. The standarderrors at the 1.6-sigma level of significance forthe seasonally adjusted unemployment rates byreason, based on the current levels of employ-ment and unemployment, are given below.

Unemployment rateby reason

0.1.23.4.5.7

1.0.1.52.02.53.0

Standard error at 1.6 sigmaon percentage point changein the seasonally adjustedunemployment rate by rea-son (consecutive month-to-month change only)

0.03.03.05.05.06.06.08.10.10.11.13


SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SERIES

LOST LAST JOB

JAN. FEB.IN THOUSANDS1967.......... 1,188 1,1841968.......... 1,216 1,1811969.......... 954 968

MAR.

1,1661,137

992

APR.

1,2711,0531,051

MAY

1, 2341, 0661,029

JUN.

1,4041,0271,055

JUL.

1,2301,0541,009

AUG.

It 1931,059981

SEPT. OCT.

1,2231,014

993

1,243982

1,010

NOV.

1,234975

1,033

OEC. AVG.

1,249 1,229944 1,070

1,170 1,016

IN THOUSANDS1967.*1968.

403431440

409466409

405462414

414427445

LEFT

473468400

LAST JQ3

435416451

426444434

432439452

464409433

484392411

453420426

464408455

438431436

IN THOUSANDS1967...1963.........1969..

REENTERED LABOR FORCE

182826976

998921891

1,044893931

919907929

960863985

1879,001843

854970967 1,

904908,041 1,

921882,079 1,

937862,079

911889999

887912916

945908964

IN THOUSANDS1967.........196b.........1969.........

NEVER WORKED BEFORE

465406411

434408408

441408411

463397425

407421399

425417400

415413427

441387411

417407495

431391462

42 6396358

398420358

428406413

1967.1968.1969.

JOB LOSERS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

1.1.1.

562

1.1.1.

552

1.1.1.

542

1.1.1.

733

111

.6

.4

.3

111

8.3.3

1.1.1.

632

111

.5

.3

.2

111

.6

.3

.2

111

.6

.2

.2

1.1.1.

623

111

.6

.2 4

1.1.1.

643

1967.1968.1969.

.5

.6 6

.5 6.5

JOB LEAVERS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

.5

.6 5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.5

6.5.6

.6

.6

.5

6.6.6

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6 5.5

.6

.5 6

.5

.5

1967.1968.1969.

REENTRANTS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

1.1.1.

512

1.1.1.

321

1.1.1.

412

111

.2

.2

.2

1I1

.3

.1

.2

111

.1

.3

.0

1.1.1.

122

111

.2

.2

.3

1.1.1.

213

1.1.1.

213

1.1.1.

212

1.1.1.

111

1.1.1.

222

1967.1968.1969.

NEW ENTRANTS AS PERCENT OF ENTIRE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

.6

.5

.5

6.5.5

.6

.5,5

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

6.5.5

.5

.5

.5

.6 5.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.5

.6

.5

.5

.4

u.

.5

.4

.6

.5

.5

NOTE: The above levels and rates of unemployment should not be expected to add to the seasonally adjusted total unemployment rate,because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the reasons series. Additional variation exists in the first 6 months of 1967 becauseof the introduction of the compositing estimation procedures.


Teenage Employment Requirements in the Summer of 1970for Select Urban Areas

Paul M. Schwab*

The difficulties in obtaining employment thatconfront teenagers in our large cities becomeparticularly acute during the summer months(June-August), when large numbers of theseyoung people enter the job market at the sametime. In light of the recent national trend towardhigher unemployment, the job-hunting obstaclesfacing youths this summer may be more severethan at any time in recent years. 1/ The esti-mates of the teenage labor force for the summerof 1970 presented here are intended to providea rough indicator of the number of jobs that willbe needed this summer in the Nation and itsmajor urban areas.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that,of the average of 2.8 million teenagers who willenter the U.S. labor force between the spring andsummer of this year, 2/ approximately two-thirds will be students looking for summer jobs,while the remainder will be high school graduateslooking for permanent employment. If the sameproportion of all teenage jobseekers are to findjobs this summer as in last, at least2.2 millionadditional permanent and temporary jobs will beneeded between this spring and summer.

In the Nation's 20 largest metropolitan areas,about 2.6 million youths will be in the labor forcethis coming summer, somewhat more than in 1969.The number of jobs available during this sum-mer, therefore, will have to be 75,000 greaterthan last year's total just to maintain the samerate of joblessness in both years. If all 16-19year-olds seeking jobs in these cities were tofind employment, 450,000 more jobs would beneeded than were needed in 1969.

Many young people will have found jobs dur-ing the winter and spring and, therefore, will notbe hunting for jobs initially during the summermonths. Roughly 1.7 million teenagers wereestimated to be employed in these 20 metropol-itan areas in the spring of 1970, slightly morethan were employed a year ago. Many of thesejobs, however, are part-time positions held bystudents who will probably seek full-time em-ployment either for the school vacation periodor for the beginning of their working careerupon graduation*

The Bureau of Labor Statistics has been re-porting these projected summer job needs forthe past few years. Although both the teenagelabor force and the number of employed youthsincreased moderately in the summer of 1969,these gains remained well below the exception-ally strong increases posted in 1966, when therewas a large increase in the teenage population.As in recent years, the jobless rate for blackyouths continued to be more than double the ratefor white teenagers. In order to attain paritybetween these two groups, efforts to utilize man-power programs and to continue to attack dis-criminatory practices must be strengthened.

*Of the Division of Employment and Unem-ployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1/ For a brief profile of summer job pros-pects in the Nation as a whole, see OccupationOutlook Quarterly, Bureau of Labor Statistics,Spring 1970, pp. 1-9.

2/ An even greater number of teenagers willenter the labor force at some time during thesummer,


Projected teenage labor force in the 20 largest metropolitan areas, summer 1970

Metropolitan areaTeenage " W J W l w Projectedi x teenage , ,

remployment / . labor forcem r^ employment

1ft_nsummer 1969 . * summer 1970spring 1970

Total United States

Total 20 Areas

New York ,Los Angeles-Long Beach.Chicago ,PhiladelphiaDetroitSan Francisco-Oakland .,BostonPittsburghSt. LouisWashington, D.CClevelandBaltimoreNewark . . . . . . . . . . . . .MinneapolisSt. Paul . . .BuffaloHouston . . . . . . . . . . . . .MilwaukeePaterson-Clifton-PassaicCincinnatiDallas

7,590,000

2,180,000

325,000225,000255,000165,000170,00080,000

115,00070,00075,000

100,00085,00075,00060,00085,00045,00060,00050,00050,00030,00060,000

5,605,000

1,700,000

240,000215,000200,000110,000130,00075,00085,00055,00065,00065,00060,00060,00040,00075,00035,00045,00040,00030,00025,00050,000

9,070,000

2,615,000

380,000290,000305,000195,000205,000100,000130,00095,00090,000

120,000100,00090,00075,00095,00055,00070,00060,00060,00045,00065,000

NOTE: The above estimates have been calculated using 1969 labor force participationand unemployment rates.


LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT1957 to date

(Seasonally adjusted)MILLION? MILLIONSn o ->^

86

84

82

80

78

76

74

72

70

68

66

64

62

60

58

56

^ -

L

^ ^

*** '

_ ^

^ -

. Tntn

+ *

* -

Civilia

* * *

Tota 1 labor

n labor force

IS"

\ ^

force

y ^*^/t^ Nonagricultural employment

i1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1966

Quarterly averages

^ ^

-

* ~ H

i i i i i i i i i n III 111IIII1 Mi 1.711967 1968 1969 1970

Monthly data

86

84

82

80

78

76

74

72

70

68

66

64

62

60

58

Chart 2.

PERCENT10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

MAJOR UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS1953 to date

(Seasonally adjusted)

l\\ f

Unemployment rate- | / | \ \ yall civilian workers K \ V

Iff

1

i

V

\

Jit\\vjJ1 W

Un

t nf lahnrorce time lost

IAIJXemployment remarried men

te-

V

X.

\

***

i I I111 II 111

- ^ ^ ^

11 1111 1111 1 11 1111 111 11

j/I

//

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1

1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 19651966

Quarterly averages

1967 1968 1969

Monthly data

1970

PERCENT10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

Series revised beginning 1963 to reflect whether unemployed persons sought full-or part-time jobs

12


Chart 3.

MILLIONS

PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES1957 to date

(Seasonally adjusted)14

12

10

6;

A]

2

0

- ^

*

Non

V

Cot

^ 1durable3 goods

MB

\ericult

tract c

Mir

onstruc

ling-

jm *

tion _

-

M ^

11111111111111111111111 111111111111 11111111111111111,0

MILLIONS14

10

,1957 1959 1961 1963Quarterly averages

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969Monthly data

1970

"Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers.Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

Chart 4.

MILLIONS

PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN SERVICE PRODUCING INDUSTRIES1957todate

(Seasonally adjusted)ID

14

12

10

6:

4

I1

0'

- *

Finar

i

**i

ice , in

Fe

^ ^

m ~

suranc

deral gc

Stat

Whole:

*

3 and 1

>ale an

Serv

)cal go

Transportation an

i and real estate-

>vernment

j retail- ^

i c e ^

^ ^

vernme

d publi

trade^

nti

: utiliti S *

I l l l l l l l l l l l

MILLIONS16

llllllllllirf n1957 1959 ' 1961 1963

Quarterly averages1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

Monthly data

Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

13


Chart 5 .

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY AGE1953 to date

PERCENT (Seasonally adjusted)IDlb

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

n

A\r\if ^117IT4

If1 V

nTeenagers/ | \ /

ArV

//

*

1 A

I[

1 A^/

\ / V

/ \ W o m e n 2^ years

/len 20 years and

\\

\\

\

and over

^ sover ^ .

1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1966Quarterly averages

AND SEX

PERCENT

AIn A

r f

I l l l l l l l l l l J1IJ1111111

1IJr

,^-^-%I l l l l M i l l

/*f

IIIII nun

1967 1968 1969 1970Monthly data

1O

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

n

Chart 6.

MILLIONS7654

32

1

0

TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT BY DURATION1953 to date

(Seasonally adjusted)

Total uner

1v

nployment

Ain - ^

/ Ar **

MILLIONS7654

32

1

0

PERCENT80

DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF THE TOTALPERCENT

80

I l l l l l l l l l l

A A

I l l l l l l l l l l i i i i i i i i n i

60

40

20

1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1966Quarterly averages

14

1967 1968 1969 1970Monthly data


Chart 7.

HOURS42.0

41.0

40.0

39.0

38.0

37.0

36.0

35.0

HOURS OF WORK IN TOTAL PRIVATE NONAGRICULTURALESTABLISHMENTS, MANUFACTURING, AND TRADE

1957 to date(Seasonally adjusted)

T

f

Who. ^

esale a

My

\ /id reta

anufad

It7a7e

urmg^ -

T(\ |

)tal pri\/ate ^

1 II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1

V

11111 ii 11111

v^.

1 1 1 IN 1 II 1 1 1 ifOVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING

^liinwi urn u,

1 11 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1

hv

1111111111 n I l l l l l l l l l I 1

1957 1959 1961 1963Quarterly averages

^Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available.Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969Monthly data

1970

HOURS42.0

41.0

40.0

39.0

38.0

37.0

.36.0

35.0

0

5

4

3

2

1

0

Chart 8.AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN TOTAL PRIVATE NONAGRICULTURAL

ESTABLISHMENTS, MANUFACTURING, AND TRADEDOLLARS150

140

110

100

60

1957 to date

:

^y

M< nufact jringy

Whol

s

^

Bsale ar

^ ^

id retai

^ ^

* Tc

*

\trade

tal pri\/ate

V -

1 1 1

y/r

r

j

/

1 1 1 II 1 11 11

*

111 11111 in 11

DOLLARS150

130

120

110

100

70

60

1957 1959 1961 1963Quarterly averages

* Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously javailable.Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969Monthly data

1970

15


Chart 9.

MILLIONS18

EMPLOYMENT IN NONFARM OCCUPATIONS1958 to date

(Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages)WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS MILLIONS

18

MILLIONS17

BLl E-COLLAR AND SERVICE WORKERS MILLIONS17

1958 1959 1960

Excludes household workers.

1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

16


chart io.- PERSONS AT WORK IN NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIESBY FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS

1957 to date(Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages)

MILLIONS FULL-TIME SCHEDULES MILLIONS64

62

60

58

56

54

52

50

48

46W

/ ~ ^

Full-time work e r s - ^

i i i

M M

1 1 1

04

62

60

58

56

54

52

50

48

46

U U

MILLIONS PART-TIME SCHEDULES MILLIONS12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

n

'

x^>y

^ - ^ ' N

Workers on voluntaryvpart-time schedules \

y

r- Workers on part time/ for economic reasons

" ^

s _

i i i 1 1 1

1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

o

17


Chart 11.

Percent6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY OCCUPATION1958 to date

(Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages)

White-collar workers

- *

/ ^

Professional and technical

Managers, officials and proprietorsl i i

1 1 M

^

Percent6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Blue-collar workers18.0

17.0

16.0

15.0

14.0

13.0

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1KA/ V\ KA v' X\N

Cr

A/ \ N

/ V/\Jr \

< A NVA

aftsmen

A\and forerr

Dnfarm \i borers

\ / \V \Opera

len

ivess\ >

18.0

17.0

16.0

15.0

1.4.0

13.0

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Service and farm workers8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

01958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 196.8 1969 1970

18


UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY COLOR1957 to date

PERCENT (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) PERCENT15

13

11

9

7

5

3

1

o

1

/ \1/

/A

/ ^f

\ V i\J

^^s \

Negro and other races

White w

N

^s_

^ ,

. ^ ^

' ^ ^ - m

/

1 0

13

11

9

7

5

3

1n

RATIO RATIO OF NEGRO TO WHITE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE R A T , 0

3

2

1

o

*. ^ -"% *+^^ ^s- i ^ ^

i i i i l l

1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

6

2

1

o

Chart 13.

STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATESWeek ending April 18, 1970

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Insured jobless under State unemployment insurance programs excludes workerswho have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers, and persons from jobsnot covered by State unemployment insurance programs.

Source Manpower Administration

19


MONTHLY TABLES

HOUSEHOLD DATA PageEmployment StatusA- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date 23A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over

by sex, 1947 to date 24A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and color. . . 25A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and color 27A- 5: Employment status of persons 16-21 years of age in the noninstitutional

population by color and sex . 29A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by

sex, age, and color 29A- 7: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by age and sex 30Characteristics of the UnemployedA- 8: Unemployed persons by sex and age , 31A- 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and color 31A-10: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex. 32A-11 : Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 32A-12: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color 33A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age 33A-14: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 34A-15: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status. 34A-16: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 35Characteristics of the EmployedA-17: Employed persons by sex and age 35A-18: Employed persons by occupation group, sex and age 36A-19: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex . 37A-20: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 38A-21: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex. . . 39A-22: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 39A-23: Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason working part-time 40A-24: Nonagricultural workers by industry and fu l l - or part-time status 40A-25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by ful l - or part-time status,

sex, age, color, and marital status 41A-26: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by ful l - or part-time status and sex . . 43Characteristics of 14 and 15 Year-oldsA-27: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and color 45A-28: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and major

occupation group 45Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment DataA-29: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age and sex,

seasonally adjusted 46A-30: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age,

seasonally adjusted 46A-31: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 47A-32: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 47A-33: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted . 48A-34: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 49A-35: Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 49A-36: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 50A-37: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted

r 50

21


MONTHLY TABLES (Continued)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

EmploymentNational ag@

B-1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date 51B-2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 52B-3: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry1 . .* . . , . . 60B-4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division* 1919 u *&...

monthly data seasonally adjusted 6B-5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 68B-6: Production workers in industrial and construction activities, seasonally adjusted . . . . 69EmploymentState and AreaB-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry

division

Hours and EarningsNationalC-1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls, 1947 to date 81C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 82C-3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal

Government 94C-4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing

payrolls, by industry ,. . 94C-5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on

private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1957-59 dollars . 95C-6: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction

activities 95C-7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagri-

cultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 96C-8: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities,

seasonally adjusted , 97C-9: Cfutput per man-hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, private economy,

seasonally adjusted 98Hours and EarningsState and AreaC-10: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and

selected areas . 99

Labor TurnoverNationalD-1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1959 to date . 103D-2: Labor turnover rates, by industry . 104D-3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1959 to date, seasonally adjusted 109Labor TurnoverState and AreaD-4 : L a b o r t u r n o v e r rates in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f o r selected States and areas . . . . . 1 1 0

UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATAE-1: Insured unemployment under State programs 113E-2: Insured unemployment in 150 major labor areas 114

'Quarterly data included in February, May, August, and November issues.

22


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A. 1: Employment status of the noninstitutiona! population, 1929 to date(In thousands)

Year and month

Totalnoninsti-tutionalpopula-

Total labor force

popula-

Civilian labor forceEmployed

Agri-culture

Nonagri-culturalindus-

tries

UnemployedPercent oflabor force

Notseason-

allyadjusted

Season-ally

adjusted

Not inlaborforce

Persons 14 years of age and over

19291930193119321933

19341935193619371938

1939194019411942.1943

19441945 . . . .19461947

19471948

1949195019511952 ,1953 ,

19541955 ,195619571958

1959 ,I 9 6 0 . . . . . ,1 9 6 1 . . . . . . . .1962. . . . . . . ,1 9 6 3 , . . . , , ....

1 9 6 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1965 . . * , . . . . . .1966196719681969

1969: A p r i l . . . . ,July ,August... ,SeptemberOctober..November.December.

1970: January..February.MarchA p r i l . , . .

*Not available.

(1 )(1)(1 )(1 )(1)

(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )

(1 )100,380101,520102,610103,660

104,630105,530106,520107,608

49,44050,08050,68051,25051,840

52,49053,14053,74054,32054,950

55,60056,18057,53060,38064,560

66,04065,30060,97061,758

(1)(1)( I )(1 )(1 )

(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )

(1)56.056.758.862.3

63.161.957.257.4

49,18049,82050,42051,00051,590

52,23052,87053,44054,00054,610

55,23055,64055,91056,41055,540

54,63053,86057,52060,168

47,63045,48042,40038,94038,760

40,89042,26044,41046,30044,220

45,75047,52050,35053,75054,470

53,96052,82055,25057,812

10,45010,34010,29010,17010,090

9,90010,11010,0009,8209,690

9,6109,5409,1009,2509,080

8,9508,5808,3208,256

37,18035,14032,11028,77028,670

30,99032,15034,41036,48034,530

36,14037,98041,25044,50045,390

45,01044,24046,93049,557

1,5504,3408,020

12,06012,83011,34010,6109,0307,700

10,3909,4808,1205,5602,6601,070

6701,0402,2702,356

3 . 28 .7

15.923.624.921.720.116.914.319.017.214.6

9 . 94 . 71.9

1.21.93 . 93 . 9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

Persons 16 years of age and over

103,418104,527105,611106,645107,721108,823110,601111,671112,732113,811115,065116,363117,881119,759121,343122,981125,154127,224129,236131,180133,319135,562137,841137,337137,935138,127138,317138,539138,732138,928139,099139,298139,497139,687

60,94162,08062,90363,85865,11765,73066,56066,99368,07269,40969,72970,27570,92172,14273,03173,44274,57175,83077,17878,89380,79382,27284,23983,13786,31886,04684,52785,03884,92084,85684,10584,62585,00885,231

58.959.459.659.960.460.460.260.060.461.060.660.4.60.260.260.259.759.659.659.760.160.660.761.160.562.662.361.161.461.261.160.560.860.961.0

59,35060,62161,28662,20862,01762,13863,01563,64365,02366,55266,92967,63968,36969,62870,45970,61471,83373,09174,45575,77077,34778,73780,73379,62182,79782,51680,98481,51081,42781,41680,71981,28381,69081,960

57,03958,344

57,64958,92059,96260,25461,181

60,11062,17163,80264,07163,036

64,63065,77865,74666,70267,762

69,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

77,07979,61679,64678,02678,67178,71678,788

77,31377,48977,95778,408

7,8917,629

7,6567,1606,7266,5016,261

6,2066,4496,2835,9475,5865,5655,4585,2004,9444,6874,5234,3613,9793,8443,8173,606

3,6074,1553,9773,6293,5613,3222,984

2,9152,9943,1713,531

49,14850,713

49,99051,76053,23953,75354,922

53,90354,72457,51758,12357,450

59,06560,31860,54661,75963,076

64,78266,72668,91570,52772,10374,296

73,47175,46075,66974,39775,11075,39575,805

74,39874,49574,78674,877

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

(1)44,20043,99042,23039,100

38,59040,23045,55045,850

2,3112,2763,6373,2882,0551,8831,8343,5322,8522,7502,8594,6023,7403,8524,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,8312,5423,1822,8692,9582,8392,7102,6283,4063,7943,7333,552

3 . 93 . 8

5 .95 .33 . 33 . 02 . 9

5 .54 . 44 . 14 . 36 . 8

5 . 55 .56 .75 .55 .7

5 .24 . 53 . 83 . 83 . 63 . 5

3.23.83.53.73.53.33.2

4.24.74 . 64 . 3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 . 53 . 53 . 53 . 83 . 83 . 53.5

3.94.24.44.8

42,47742,447

42,70842,78742,60443,09344,041

44,67844,66044,40245,33646,088

46,96047,61748,31249,53950,583

51,39452,05852,28852,52753,29153,602

54,20051,61752,08153,79053,50153,81254,072

54,99354,67354,48954,456


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date

(In thousands)

Year, month, and sex

MALE1947194819491950.195119521953195419551956195719581959I96019611962196319641965 . .1966196719681969

1969* Aoril

November

MarchA p r i l . . . . . .

FEMALE1947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959I960196119621963196419651966196719681969

1969: AorilOctober

MarchApril

Totalnoninsti-tutionalpopula-

tion

50,96851,43951,92252,35252,78853,24854,24854,70655,12255,54756,08256,64057,31258,14458,82659,62660,62761,55662 47363,35164,31665,34566,365

66,15166,67166,75766,845

66,91967,00967,09867,183

52,45053,08853,68954,29354,93355,57556,35356,96557,61058,26458,98359,72360,56961,61562,51763,35564,52765,66866,76367,82969,00370,21771,476

71,18671,86871,97672,08372,18072,28972,39872,504

Total labor force

Number

44,25844,72945,09745,44646,06346,41647,13147,27547,48847,91447,96448,12648,40548,87049,19349,39549,83550,38750,94651,56052,39853,03053,688

53,06353,65453,52153,401

53,22553,48153,73753,899

16,68317,35117,80618,41219,05419,31419,42919,71820,58421,49521,76522,14922,51623,27223,83824,04724,73625,44326,23227,33328,39529,24230,551

30,07431,38431,39931,45530,88131,14331,27031,332

Percentof

popula-tion

86.887.086.986.887.387.286.986.486.286.385.585.084.584.083.682.882.281.981.581.481.581.280.9

80.280.580.279.979.579.880.180.2

31.832.733.233.934.734.834.534.635.736.936.937.137.237.838.138.038.338.739.340.341.241.642.7

42.243.743.643.642.843.143.243.2

Civilian labor force

42,68643,28643,49843,81943,00142,86943,63343,96544,47545,09145,19745,52145,88646,38846,65346,60047,12947,67948,25548,47148,98749,53350,221

49,58650,16650,06750,00048,87750,17850,46050,667

16,66417,33517,78818,38919,01619,26919,38219,67820,54821,46121,73222,11822,48323,24023,80624,01424,70425,41226,20027,29928,36029.20430,51230,03531,34531,35931,41630,84331,10531,23031,293

Employed

Total

40,99441,72640,92641,58041,78041,68442,43141,62042,62143,38043,35742,42343,46643,90443,65644,17744,65745,47446,34046,91947,47948,11448,818

48,33248,85748,73948,53847,94148,00048,37848,686

16,04516,61816,72317,34018,18218,57018,75018,49019,55020,42220,71420,61321,16421,87422,09022,52523,10523,83124,74825,97626,89327,80729,08428,74629,81429,97830,25029,37229,48929,57929,722

Agri-culture

6,6436,3586,3426,0015,5335,3895,2535,2005,2655,0394,8244,5964,5324,4724,2984,0693,8093,6913,5473,2433,1643,1572,963

3,0182,8912,7222,5112,4842,5462,7042,979

1,2481,2711,3141,1591,1931,1121,0081,0061,1841,2441,123

9901,033

986902875878832814736680660643

589670600473432448467553

Nonagri-culturalindus-tries

34,35135,36834,58435,57836,24836,29437,17836,41837,35738,34038,53237,82738,93439,43139,35940,10840,84941,78242,79243,67544,31544,95745,854

45,31445,96646,01746,02745,45845,45445,67445,708

14,79715,34715,40916,18216,99017,45917,74417,48618,36719,17719,59119,62320,13120,88721,18721,65122,22723,00023,93425,24026,21227,14728,44128,15729,14429,37829,77728,94029,04129,11229,169

Number

1,6921,5592,5722,2391,2211,1851,2022,3441,8541,7111,8413,0982,4202,4862,9972,4232,4722,2051,9141,5511,5081,4191,403

1,2541,3091,3291,462

1,9352,1782,0821,981

619717

1,0651,049

834698632

1,188998

1,0391,0181,5041,3201,3661,7171,4881,5981,5811,4521,3241,4681,3971,428

1,2881,5301,3811,1161,4711,6161,6511,571

Unemployed

Percent oflabor force

Notseason-

allyadjusted

4.03.65.95.12.82.82.85.34.23.84.16.85.35.46.45.25.24.64.03.23.12.92.8

2.52.62.72.9

3.94,34.13.9

3.74.16.05.74.43.63.36.04.94.84.76.85.95.97.26.26.56.25.54.85.24.84.7

4.34.94.43.74.85.25.35.0

Season ally

adjusted

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.73.12.92.9

3.33.63.64,2

-

-

-

4.94.94.54.54.85.15.75.7

Not inlaborforce

6,7106,7106,8256,9066,7256,8327,1177,4317,6347,6338,1188,5148,9079,2749,633

10,23110,79211,16911,52711,79211,91912,31512,67713,08913,01713,23613,44413,69413,52813,36113,284

35,76735,73735,88335,88135,87936,26136,92437,24737,02636,76937,21837,57438,05338,34338,67939,30839,79140,22540,53140,49640,60840,97640,92441,11140,48440,57740,62941,29941,14641,12841,172


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A - 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and colorApril 1970

(In thousands)

Sex, age, and color

Total labor force

Percent

population


Employed

Unemployed

Percentof

laborforce

Not in labor force

Keepinghouse

Goingto

school

Unableto

work

MALE

16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years

16 and 17 years18 and 19 years

20 to 64 years20 to 24 years25 to 54 years

25 to 29 years . .30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years45 to 49 years50 to 54 years

55 to 64 years55 to 59 years . . . . . .60 to 64 years

65 years and over65 to 69 years70 years and over .

White






65 years and over





25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years ,


65 years and over . . . . . . .

53,6,4,1,2,

47,7,

33,6,5,5,5,5,4,

7,4,2,2,1,

48,6,3.1,2

426291099

6322

5

4

311

899820039670368

618166277474436301583569914

175,234,941,242,350893

,484,013.582,523,059

,848,308,965,620,785,561

,575,869,706,055

,414807457147309

,770858,312,290,099923

600365235188

80.262.054.043.365,2

92.284.996.195.997.498.196.695.393.4

83.789.976.127.844.017.8

80.662.955*245.665.3

92.684.996.696.997.795.1

84.290.476.727.8

76.856.046.028.564.8

88.784.792.194.093.987.5

78.284.869.827.5

50,6675,4363,640

1,6431,997

44,7855,429

32,1856,0705,1715,0545,4785,5204,893

7,1714,2312,9402,2421,350

893

45,5754,7573,2161,4971,719

40,3054,730

29,00310,0339,4769,494

6,5713,8662,7062,055

5,092679424146278

4,480699

3,1821,2081,056918

600365234188

48,6864,7953,1571,3881,769

43,3505,040

31,3495,8415,0454,9415,3535,4104,759

6,9624,0972,8642,1791,306

873

43,9364,2502,8291,2801,549

39,1144,41728,3109,7499,2729,290

6,3863,7512,6351,994

4,750545328108221

4,236623

3,038lr1381,022879

576347229185

1,981641483255228

1,435389837228126113125110134

20913376634419

1,639507387217170

1,192313693284205205

1851157060

342134953857

24377

143703439

241863

3.911.813.315.511.4

3.27.22.63.82.42.22.32.02.7

2.93.22.62.83.22.2

3.610.712.014.59*9

3.06.62.42.82.22.2

2.83.02.62.9

6.719.722.526.220.6

5.411.04.55.83,24.3

4.05*02.41.5

13,2844,1823,4462,1841,263

4,0141,2741,343

278144103195274349

1,397474923

5,8231,7144,109

11,6453,5472,9101,8151,095

3,4061,1191,057

340226492

1,230409822

5,329

1,639635537369168

6081552858272132

16766102494

225121247

783

3044

1065

45242113532103

180111046

55317378

351817

114

4511

1

23

12544

106421

4,4933,8503,2222,0891,133

1,2681,044

2171433716984

734412

3,8603,2832,7331,747986

1,1249371821531712

532

633567489342147

14410735278

1,49336281216

91024

48738374684134147

399184215555155400

1,21624179

73420

36557101207

348157192465

277121138

1754

121182975

51282391

7,07328318578107

1,75920360993674191126192

946263684

5,1291,5263,603

6,3892291505595

1,493159492126101265

842231611

4,746

68454352311

26644118333153

1043272

383


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A - 3 : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n by sex, a g e , a n d c o l o r C o n t i n u e dApril 1970

(In thousands)

Sex, age, and color

Total labor force

ofpopulation


Employed

Unemployed

Percentof

laborforce

Not in labor force

Keepinghouse

Unableto

workOther

reasons

FEMALE

16 years and over16 to 21 years .16 to 19 years

16 and 17 years... . . . . . .18 and 19 years. . . .

20 to 64 years20 to 24 years . . . .25 to 54 years

25 to 29 years ....30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years45 to 49 years . . . . . . .50 to 54 years . . . . . . .

55 to 64 years .55 to 59 years60 to 64 years

65 years and over . . . . . . . .65 to 69 years70 years and over

White

16 years and over16 to 21 years . .16 to 19 years


20 to 64 years20 to 24 years.25 to 54 years

25 to 34 years . . .35 to 44 years45 to 54 years


65 years and over


16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years . . . . . . .

16 and 17 years . . . . . . . .18 and 19 years

20 to 64 years20 to 24 years . .25 to 54 years

25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years . . . . . . .


65 years and over

314211

27418322333

42i1

274211

23415455

321

3

3

2

,332,882,921,159,762

,336,768,378,181,628,762,295,452,060

,190,577,614,075668407

,333,333,635,056,578

,740,159,811,867,182,761

,770,290,479959

,999549286103184

,597609,568942874751

421286134116

43.245.239.830.749.5

50.356.850.646.445.649.254.155.053.6

43.649.736.49.9

18.05.7

42.446.541.732.651.4

49.356.849.344.050.453.6

43.248.936.69.6

49.636.828.019.437.2

58.256.660.860.461.460.6

47.657.434.913.6

31,2934,8632,9121,1591,753

27,3074,750

18,3663,1772,6262,7603,2933,4513,060

4,1902,5771,6141,075668407

27,2984,3162,6261,0561,570

23,7134,14315,8004,8625,1795,759

3,7702,2901,479959

3,996547285103183

3,594607

2,567942874751

421286134116

29,7224,3092,512965

1,547

26,1694,43417,6533,0012,5142,6643,1653,3322,978

4,0822,5121,5701,041647394

26,0763,8902,311

9031,408

22,8343,91415,2444,6614,9955,588

3,6762,2351,441931

3,64641920162139

3,335520

2,409854834721

406277129110

1,571554400194206

1,1373167141761129612811982

1086543342113

1,222425316153162

879229556201184171

93553828

349128844044

26087158884030

15965

5.011.413.716.711.8

4.26.73.95.64.33.53.93.42.7

2.62.52.73.13.13.2

4.59.912.014.510.3

3.75.53.54.13.63.0

2.52.42.63.0

8.723.529.639.324.1

7.214.36.29.34.64.0

3.63.24.24.5

41,1725,9274,4132,6131,800

26,9823,632

17,9263,6713,1302,8532,8002,8262,647

5,4232,6082,8169,7773,0346,743

37,1164,9853,6772,1871,490

24,3953,166

16,2696,1835,1034,983

4,9612,3952,5659,044

4,056942736426310

2,586467

1,657618550489

463212250734

34,4461,678766198569

25,1412,77517,2633,5233,0402,7492,7042,7202,527

5,1032,4832,6218,5392,8015,738

31,4341,401632166466

22,8352,40815,7475,9994,9454,803

4,6802,2792,4017,967

3,01327713432102

2,307367

1,516564508445

424204220572

4,4394,0703,5182,3671,151

9177551585836261516

3,7643,4492,9531,989964

807669136763524

675621566379187

1108622185

11

9192011

12

31217173172028263448

122527059674

522

71914

22914

111243750

1035053

484

2006515

832

62141632

19217

112

1,3671591174869

61286332?3

3350555664

19572123638157481

1,199122863453

52574

2768485107

17666109588

16737311417

871256232113

1961350


A - 4: Labor fore by sex, age, and color

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Sex, age, and color

MALE

16 years and over16 to 19 years

16 and 17 years18 and 19 years years

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total

Total noninstitutional population . . . .Total labor force .Percent of populationCivilian labor force

EmployedAgricultureNonagricultural industries

UnemployedPercent of labor force

Not in labor forceWhiteTotal noninstitutional population . .

Total labor forcePercent of population


AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force

Negro and other racesTotal noninstitutional population . . .

Total labor forcePercent of population


AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force

139,68785,231

61.081,96078,4083,531

74,8773,552

4.354,456

124,57875,817

60.972,87370,0123,200

66,8122,861

3.948,760

15,1099,41462.3

9,0878,396

3318,065

6917.6

5,695

137,33783,137

60.579,62177,0793,607

73,4712,542

3.254,200

122,63873,995

60.370,84868,8403,223

65,6172,007

2.848,644

41,6999,14262.2

8,7738,238

3847,854

5356.1

5,556

59,69849,860

83.547,02745,5292,636

42,8931,4983.2

9,837

53,63844,903

83.7

42,36041,1082,37738,7301,2523.0

8,735

6,060

4,95881.8

4,6684,421

2594,162

2465.3

1,102

58,835

49,13983.5

46,04845,1472,713

42,4349012.0

9,696

52,92144,284

83.7

41,51740,7742,43038,344

7431.8

8,637

5,914

4,85582.1

4,5314,373

2834,090

1593.5

1.059

65,17028,41143,6

28,38227,210

52126,6891,1714.1

36,759

58,137

24,69942.5

24,67223,765

48323,282

9073.7

33,439

7,033

3,71352.8

3,7103,445

383,4082657.1

3,320

64,044

27,36742.7

27,33726,371

55425,816

9673.5

36,676

57,20923,79241.6

23,76623,037

49822,540

7283,1

33,417

6,834

3,57552.3

3,5723,333

573,2772396.7

3,259

14,819

6,95947.06,5515,669374

5,29488313.57,860

12,803

6,21648.6

5,8425,139340

4,79970312.0

6,587

2,016

74336.9

70952934

495180

25.41,273

14,458

6,63045.96,2355,561340

5,22167410.8

7,828

12,5085,91847.3

5,5655,029295

4,7335369.6

6,590

1,950

71236.5

67053345

488138

20.51,238


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A - 7 : F u l l - a n d p a r t - t i m e s t a t u s o f t h e c i v i l i a n l a b o r f o r c e b y a g e a n d sexApril 1970

(In thousands)

Age and sex

Full-time labor force

Employed

Full-time

schedules

Parttime for

economicreasons

Unemployed(looking for

full-time work)

Percent offull-time

labor force

Part-time labor force

Employedon voluntary

part timel

Unemployed(looking for

part-time work)

Number part-timelabor force

TOTAL



20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over . . .

25 to 54 years55 years and over .

MALE

16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over . . .


FEMALE

16 years and over16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over . . .


69,2555,6392,781544

2,23866,4738,58457,88945,89911,990

46,0792,8681,515

44,5654,67239,89431,6778,217

23,1752,7701,267

21,9083,91317,99514,2233,773

,166,580,104331,774,062,643,419,180,239

43,2392,3321,156

42,0834,15037,93330,1767,757

20,9272,248

94819,9793,49316,48613,0043,482

2,30135622.269154

2,079341

1,7381,322416

1,223179123

1,100181917689229

1,07917799

979159820633187

2,787703455144310

2,332600

1,7311,397334

1,617358236

1,381339

1,042812230

1,170345219951261689585104

4.012.516.426.613.93.57.03.03.02.8

3.512.515.63.17.32.62.62.8

5.012.517.34.36.73.84.12.8

12,7064,6603,7702,2581,5128,9361,5957,3414,6522,688

4,5882,5682,1252,463

7581,706509

1,197

8,1182,0921,6456,473

8375,6364,1441,492

11,9404,1693,3421,9531,3888,5981,4897,1094,4992,610

4,2242,2841,8782,346

7071,639485

1,154

7,7161,8841,4646,473

7825,4704,0161,455

76549142830412433810623215379

36428324711751662442

4022081812215516512837

6.010.511.313.58.23.86.63.23.32.9

7.911.011.64.76.73.94.73.5

4.99.911.03.46.62.93.12.5

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A- 8: Unemployed persons by sex and age

Thousands ofpersons

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Unemploymentrates

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Thousands ofpersons

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Unemploymentrates

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years16 and 17 years18 and 19 years

20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over

25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years60 to 64 years

65 years and over

Household head, 16 years and over16 to 24 years25 to 54 years55 years and over

1,981

483255228

1,498389

1,1093542382442091337663

1,078150670257

1,254

352187165901223678192161156128794940

65276

417160

3.9

13.315.511.43.27.22.73.22.32.32.93.22.62.8

2.64.72.22.8

2.5

10.011.78.52.04.41.71.81.51.51.81.91.71.8

1.62.51.41.8

1,571

400194206

1,171316856288224201108654334

2595413372

1,288

32214717596726670122718716193613233

2333314358

5.0

13.716.711.84.16.73.65.03.73.12.62.52,73.1

3.98.23.73.1

4.3

11.913.810.73.55,93.14.23.22.52.22.42.03.0

3.65.74.02.6

A- 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and color

Marital status, age, and colorThousands of

persons

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Unemploymentrates

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Female

Thousands ofpersons

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Unemployment

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total, 16 years and over

Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Total, 20 to 64 years of age


White, 16 years and over


White, 20 to 64 years of age . . . . . .


Negro and other races, 16 years and over . . . . - - - , , , . . .


Negro and other races, 20 to 64 years of age


1,981

941152

1,435

885137413

1,639

816115708

1,191

763102328

342

12437180

244

1243586

1,254

57689588

861

53779

245

1,022

49669

457

708

46259187

232

8020131

154

742059

3.9

2.45.610.0

3.2

2.45.77.6

3.6

2.35.39.1

3.0

2.35.47.0

6.7

3.76.715.3

5.4

3.97.011.2

2.5

1.53.36.9

2.0

1.53.34.8

2.3

1.43.36.1

1.8

1.43.24.2

4.7

2.43.412.9

3.5

2.33.69.2

1,571

791254527

1,138

725217197

1,222

633189400

878

580159140

349

15865127

260

1445857

1,288 5.0

614260414

934

547234152

985

499175311

699

444153102

303

11585103

235

1048150

4.34.47.6

4.2

4.04.34.6

4.5

3.84.16.5

3.7

3.63.93.8

8.7

7.75.715.6

7.2

7.35.69.9

4.3

3.54.56.3

3.6

3.24.63.7

3.8

3.23.75.4

3.1

2.93.82.9

7.9

6.17.412.4

6.8

5.77.78.6


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A - 1 0 : U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y o c c u p a t i o n o f l a s t j o b a n d s e x

Occupation

Thousandsof persons

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Unemployment rates

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Male

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total.

White-collar workersProfessional and technicalManagers, officials, and proprietors .Clerical workersSales workers

Service wonters.Private household. .All other

Farmers and .farm iaborers. . . .

No previous work experience . . .16 to 19 years20 to 24 years ,25 years and over

3,552

Blue-collar workersCraftsmen and foremen

Carpenters and other construction craftsmenAll other

OperativesDrivers and deliverymenAll other

Nonfarm laborersConstruction iaborersAll other

66

2,542

96718293499193

1,672397215182940114826335106229

47167404

5989965296138

1,1702371331046788059825586169

42184337

62

3762944735

2912383022

4.3

2.51.61.13.53.9

5.73.87.32.46.44.46.88.5

12.07.5

4.64.04.7

2.1

3.2

1.6

2.23.0

4.12.34.71.44.63.14.96.59.35.7

4.24.74.0

1.8

3.91.81.51.13.32.4

5.23.87.42.45.34.35.78.4

12.07.3

4.4(1)4.5

1.6

2.5

.9

.8

.61.41.5

3.42.34.71.33.23.03.36.59.35.5

3.3(1)3.3

1.5

5.0

3.21.61.43.55.9

8.42.6(1)2.98.66.28.7

12.0(1)

12.54.74.14.9

4.6

4.3

2.41.11.72.54.8

7.23.2

3.37.5(1)7.68.1

8.0

4.64.84.6

3.9

1Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000

A - l l : U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y i n d u s t r y o f l a s t j o b a n d s e x

IndustryPercent distribution

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Unemployment rates

Apr.1970

.Apr.1969

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total.

Private wage and salary workers .Mining Construction.

ManufacturingDurable goods

Primary metal industries . .Fabricated metal productsMachineryElectrical equipmentMotor vehicles and equipmentAll other transportation equipmentOther durable goods industries

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other finished textile products .Other nondurable goods industries

Transportation and public utilitiesRailroads and railway expressOther transportationCommunication and other public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade .Finance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesAll other service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workers .All other classes of workersNo previous work experience

100.0

79.2.7

10.3

28.16.

2,2.3.1,2,4.11.3.1.2.4.

2.18.110.6

100.0

78.4.5

10.0

26.514.11.12.01.41.81.91.34.612.42.82.03.93.8

3.7.2

2.6.8

20.02.515.23.811.4

2.87.411.4

4.3

4.74.69.5

4.84.81.94.82.94.95.78.15.94.86.44.87.03.5

3.62.15.72.05.22.03.82.74.9

6.01.4

3.2

3.52.57.1

3.22.92.03.01.62.34.12.64.33.74.04.46.92.3

2.1.9

3.41.24.01.93.21.74.6

5.9.9

3.9

4.44.39.5

3.84.11.93.52.93.35.16.95.33.35.22.96.02.4

3.82.06.01.84.31.43.62.44.6

4.81.3

2.5

2.82.27.3

2.22.31.52.21.31.44.12.63.61.81.73.34.41.3

2.0.5

3.21.12.91.62.3.9

3.4

4.8.7

5.0

5.3(1)8.5

7.27.41.7

10.42.77.410.415.77.27.210.06.67.36.3

3.0(1)4.42.36.42.53.92.95.2

13.31.6

4.3

4.6(1)2.6

5.84.97.36.43.23.54.62.76.86.59.85.67.64.4

2.5(1)4.51.35.52.23.82.15.5

12.8.7

Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-12: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color

Unemployment level

Total unemployed in thousandsLost last jobLeft last jobReentered labor force

Total unemployed, percent distribution . .Lost last jobLeft last jobReentered labor force

Unemployment rate

Total unemployment rateJob-loser rate1Job-leaver rate1

Reentrant rate1New entrant rate1

Totalunemployed

Apr.1970

3,5521,669

5071,001

375

100.047.014.328.210.5

4.32.1

. 6

1.2.5

Apr.1969

2,5421,088

394770290

100.042.815.530.311.4

3.21.4

. 5

1.0.4

Male, 20 yearsand over

Apr.1970

1,498988214261

34

100.066.014.317.42.3

3.22.1

.5

. 1

Apr.1969

901575145164

17

100.043.816.118.21.9

2.01.2

. 3

- -

Female, 20 yearsand over

Apr.1970

1,171497188439

47

100.042.416.137.44.0

4.11.8

.7

. 2

Apr.1969

96737415939935

100.038.616.441.2

3.7

3.51.4

. 6

. 1

Both sexes,16 to 19 yearsApr.1970

883184104301293

100.020.911.834.133.2

13.52.81.6

4.5

Apr.1969

674139

90207238

100.020.613.430.735.3

10.82.21.43.33.8

White

Apr.1970

2,8611,375

411789285

100.048.114.427.610.0

3.91.9

.6

.4

Apr.1969

2,007838316611242

100.041.715.830.412.1

2.81.2

. 4

. 3


Apr.1970

691294

9521289

100.042.613.830.712.9

7.63.21.12 31.0

Apr.1969

535250

7715948

m14.529.7

9 . 0

6 . 12 . 9

.91 8

.6

'Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.

A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and ageApril 1970

(Percent distribution)

Reason, sex, and age

Total, 16 years and over . . . .

Left last jobReentered labor forceNever worked before

Male, 20 years and over . . . . .Lost last jobLeft last job .Reentered labor forceNever worked before

Female, 20 years and over . . .Lost last jobReentered labor forceNever worked before

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years . . .Lost last jobLeft last jobReentered labor forceNever worked before

Total unemployed

Thousandsof persons

3,5521,669

5071.001

375

1,498988214261

34

1,171497188439

47

883184104301293

Percent

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

Duration of unemployment

Less than5 weeks

51.744.055.458.861.944.940.752.654.4

(1)54.444.953.765.1

(1)59.659.563.853.764.2

5 to 14weeks

26.627.627.626.221.3

27.428.324.726.4

(1)26.928.833.022.3

(1)24.721.125.731.719.8

15 weeksand over

21.728.317.015.016.8

27.731.022.819.1(1)

18.726.313.312.5(1)

15.719.510.514.716.0

15 to 26weeks

15.121.910.38.78.5

19.423.711.611.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-14: Unemployed persons by dura t ion of unemployment

Duration of unemployment

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Percent distribution

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Household head

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Percent distributic

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total

Less than 5 weeks . . . . . . .5 to 14 weeks

5 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over15 to 26 weeks . . . . . . .27 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration .

3,552 2,542

1,836944659285111537235

1,369657453204516355161

100.051.726.618.68.0

21.15.

6 .6

100.053.925.817.88.0

20.314.06.3

9 . 5 9 .2

1,337590370236134377261116

11.4

886

43722215764

22716562

10.6

100.0

44,27.17.10.028,19,8.7

100.0

49.425.017.77.2

25.618.67.0

A-15: Unemployed persons by d u r a t i o n , sex, a g e , color, and m a r i t a l statusApri l 1970

Sex, age, color, and marital statusTotal

3,5521,194

883705

1,104859

1,981641483389592516

1,571554400316512343

2,8611,6391,222

691342349

941152888

791254527

Thousands of pers

Less

5 weeks

1,836713526409546356

956374283225257191

880339243184288165

1,473780693

363175188

41757

481

468125288

5 to 14weeks

944292218183310233

524150113104182125

420142105

79128108

111434343

1679077

26146

218

20876

136

ons

15 to 26weeks

537142110

61185181

364977333

124133

1734636286148

435310125

1025448

18837

138

803459

27 weeksand over

2354729536390

1362013282868

982716253522

176114

62

592237

741250

352043

Less than 5percent of

weeks as ajnemployedin group

Apr.1970

51.759.759.657.949.541.448.258.458.657.743.436.956.061.260.858.256.348.151.547.656.752.551.353.744.437.654.259.249.054.7

Apr.1969

53.858.460.055.855.044.051.056.658.953.652.838.856.660.261.157.756.950.053.951.056.853.751.055.747.0(1)56.055.455.259.2

15 weeks an d over as Epercent of unemployec

in group

1970

21.715.915.716.122.531.525.318.217.915.625.739.017.313.213.116.718.820.421.325.915.323.322.424.2

27.932.321.314.521.319.4

Apr .1969

20.341.714.316.019.930.822.613.714.314.323.436.218.115.714.217.516.724.7

20.422.917.820.121.519.129.4(1)16.418.917.9

17.0

Tota I ,16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 44 years45 years and over

M a l e . . . .16 to 21 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 44 years45 years and over

Female16 to 21 years16 to 19 years -20 to 24 years25 to 44 years45 years and over

White: Tota lMaleFemale

Negro and other races: Tota lMaleFemale

Male: Married, wife presentWidowed, divorced, or separated . . .Single (never married)

Female: Married, husband presentWidowed, divorced, or separated.Single (never married) ,

Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A - 1 6 : U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y d u r a t i o n , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d i n d u s t r y o f l a s t j o bApril 1970

Occupation and industry

OCCUPATION

White-collar workersProfessional and managerialClerical workersSales workers . .

Blue-collar workers. . .Craftsmen and foremen . .Operatives . . . . . .Nonfarm laborers . . . .

Service workers . . .

INDUSTRY *

Construction

Transportation and public utilities

Public administration

Total

967275499193

1,672397940335

471

76381

1,018603415173700660

76

376

Thousands of pers

Less than

483118250116822178473172

266

34161472265207

96400354

35

233

5 to 14weeks

31398

17243

42095

25372

119

1594

29919310750

18217721

80

ons

15 to 26

99314126

33396

16572

59

211061751066914878214

32

27 weeksand

7228369

97294919

27

621723933133148

6

31

Less than 5 weeksas a percent of

unemployed in group

Apr.1970

50.042.950.059.949.244.750.351.2

56.6

(2)42.246.343.949.955.657.253.6

(2)62.0

Apr.1969

55.451.855.758.847.944.548.549.3

60.6

(2)43.249.646.952.651.257.557.1

(2)63.5

15 weeks andover as a percent

of unemployed in group

Apr.1970

17.721.515.518.1

25.731.422.827.3

18.1

(2)33.124.224.124.415.616.819.7

(2)16.7

Apr.1969

18.522.016.718.922.726.523.018.6

19.9

(2)29.920.723.118.013.019.219.8

(2)12.7

Includes wage and salary workers only.2Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.

A-17: Employed persons by sex and age(In thousands)

Age and type of industryTotal

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Apr.1970

29,7222,512

9651,5474,434

17,6535,5155,8296,3094,0822,5121,5701,041

29,1692,480

9471,5334,410

17,3035,4325,7076,1633,9712,4341,5371,007

55332181424

35083

121146112

783435

Apr.1969

28,7462,376

9201,4564,257

17,0045,2025,6296,1734,0232,4921,5311,087

28,1572,341

9021,4394,226

16,6445,1155,5106,0193,9012,4171,4851,045

58934181731

36037

118154122

754642

All industries16 to 19 years





65 years and overNonagricultura! industries

16 to 19 years16 and 17 years18 and 19 years




65 years and over

Agriculture16 to 19 years





65 years and over

78,4085,6692,3533,3169,474

49,00216,40116,12216,47811,0446,6094,4343,220

74,8775,2942,1313,1639,241

47,29215,93215,59315,76710,3306,2154,1142,7193,531

374221153233

1,710469530710714394320501

77,0795,5612,3253,2379,11848,20915,87816,02916,30210,9626,5724,3903,22873,4715,2212,1243,0978,90246,43815,40115,44615,59110,1996,1594,0392,7123,607

340201139216

1,771476583711764413351516

48,6863,1571,3881,7695,04031,34910,88610,29410,1696,9624,0972,8642,179

45,7082,8151,1851,6304,83129,99010,5009,8859,6056,3593,7812,5781,7132,979

342203139208

1,360386409564603316286466

48,3323,1861,4051,7.814,86231,20510,67610,40010,1296,9394,0802,8592,14145,3142,8801,2221,6584,67629,79210,2869,9359,5726,2973,7432,5551,667

3,018305183123185

1,-412390465558642338304474


HOUSEHOLD DATA

A-18: Employed persons by occupat ion g roup , s e x , and age

(In thousands)

Occupation

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Male, 20 yearsand over

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Female, 20 yearsand over

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Male,16-19 years

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Female,16-19 years

Apr.1970

Apr.1969

Total

White-collar workers

Professional and technicalMedical and other healthTeachers, except collegeOther professional and technical

empl_051970

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