Emotions: Expressed and Experienced Which comes first the expression or the feeling? Do we know our...
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Transcript of Emotions: Expressed and Experienced Which comes first the expression or the feeling? Do we know our...
Emotions: Expressed and Experienced
Which comes first the expression or the feeling?
Do we know our own emotions?
Laughter
• Is contagious
• can provide relief from pain, alleviate stress and promote functioning of the immune system.
• Can be used to promote solidarity among people -- as well as for exclusionary purposes.
LOL!QuickTime™ and a
decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Physiology and Feeling?
• We often take it as a given that we experience an emotion and then our bodies react to reflect that feeling.
• But it can be bi-directional.
• Hold the pencil in your teeth or with your lips and read comic strips
James-Lange theory:• We feel sad because we cry, angry
because our blood pressure rises, afraid because we tremble
• The emotional experience is the consequence of a specific physiological reaction.– Support: Hold the pencil in your teeth or
with your lips and read comic stripsQuickTime™ and a
decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Cannon-Bard Theory
• Stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the ANS and emotional experience.– Blush and feel embarrassed at the same
time
2 Factor Theory
• Different emotions are merely different interpretations of a general pattern of bodily activity.
• Your heart beats fast….so is it fear, anger, love, caffeine….
Love on a swinging bridge?• 1974 - Dutton and Aron• Experimental group = Young men crossing a long,
narrow, suspension bridge that rocked & swayed 230 ft above a river.
• Control group = Young men crossed a long, narrow, suspension bridge that rocked & swayed 230 ft above a river and “rested” for 10 minutes
• Approached by an attractive female (researcher), asked to complete a survey and given her phone #.
• Who called her more?
Love on a swinging bridge?• 13 out of 20 called in the experimental group,
while only 7 out of 23 called from the control group.
• Fear and attraction exchangeable?• Supports the 2 factor theory.
So which is correct?
• Turns out that each theory has some support, but isn’t completely accurate.– We don’t just have general physiological response
to emotion. -- certain combinations of physiological responses are related to certain emotions.
– But we also aren’t perfectly sensitive to these combinations -- we misattribute our physiology.
– The bodily reaction causes and is a consequence of the mentally feeling an emotion.
WOW!
Do we even know our own emotions?
Do we know other people’s emotions!?
demonstration
• Try to accurately decode the motion being expressed here. – “I’m absolutely thrilled to be here”– “Gee thanks”– “Way to go dude”– “Real nice”
demonstration
• Nervousness, surprise, disgust, anger, sadness, fear, and happiness have been found in studies to be the easiest emotions to detect. Whereas love, fear, desire, jealousy, pride, disappointment and relief are much more difficult to detect.
• Gender differences?• What does this mean?
– the role of empathy in understanding others’ emotional reactions.
http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/emotions-revealed
– Are expressions universal?• The 6: anger, disgust, surprise, fear, happiness,
sadness
Cultural Differences• While it seems universal to read the 6 major
emotions; there are different expectations of how people will show them.
• Awlad Ali Bedouins of Egypt’s western desert do not express feelings of loss or hurt in public; instead they show indifference or anger or assign blame.
• Tahitian language lacks terms for sadness, longing and loneliness; instead they interpret these sensations as a type of sickness
15
Lie to Me
• Our attempts to obey our culture’s display rules are sometimes betrayed by incomplete control of facial muscles
16
Deceptive Expression
• Humans are generally not that good at detecting when others are lying
• Studies look at accuracy based on profession (100% = perfect accuracy, 50% = guessing)
17
Deceptive Expression
• Polygraph–measures physiological changes associated with
stress–high false positive rate
• Blood flow in brain–some brain areas are more active when people
lie than when they tell the truth
stop
19
The Emotional Brain
• Temporal lobe syndrome• Amygdala
–appraisal–bilateral amygdala damage–no effect on recognition of happiness, sadness,
& surprise–trouble recognizing anger, disgust, & fear
• Nucleus accumbens
20
The Emotional Brain
• Amygdala– make a rapid appraisal
(pink route)– why?
• Cortex– make a slow, thorough
appraisal (green route)– why?
21
The Emotional Brain
• Emotional regulation– typically to turn negative into positive– may sometimes need to “cheer down”
• Reappraisal– thinking can change feeling– shown photo of woman crying at funeral
amygdala became active
– asked to reappraise and imagine woman is at weddingcortex became active and then amygdala deactivated
22
Emotional Communication
• Emotional expression– emotional states influence the way we talk (intonation,
inflection, loudness, & duration)– listeners can infer a speaker’s emotional state with better-
than-chance accuracy– can also infer emotional states from how someone walks
and facial expressions
• Affective forecasting– not too good at predicting our emotional reactions to
future events
23
Communicative Expression
• Universality hypothesis– cross-cultural research supports this– congenitally blind persons make same expressions as
others
• The cause and effect of expression– feelings cause emotional expressions (muscles)– facial-feedback hypothesis– people with trouble experiencing emotions have trouble
recognizing the emotions of others
24
Communicative Expression
• Deceptive expression
• Display rules–intensification–deintensification–masking–neutralizing
25
What Is Emotion?
• Multidimensional scaling
• Dimension of arousal
• Dimension of valence (feeling)
26
Physiology of Emotion
Pg 208 in Blink
• Subjects look at cartoons while holding a pen between their lips or teeth
• Teeth found the cartoon much funnier
• Ekman, Friesen and Levenson