Emission control in Bulgaria The involved institutions at national and local (sub-national) levels...
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Transcript of Emission control in Bulgaria The involved institutions at national and local (sub-national) levels...
Emission control in Bulgaria
The involved institutions at national and local (sub-
national) levels in Emissions inventory are Ministry of
Environment and Water /MEW/ respectively EEA and REI, and National Institute of Statistics
Two parallel emission inventory programs are conducted in
Bulgaria. The first one covers 150 large point sources and is
conducted by REI. The second one covers nearly 2000 point sources
and is conducted by National Institute of Statistics. Both are under the guidance of MEW.
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS
EXECUTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
AGENCY
NATIONAL DATABASE
EMISSIONS MEASUREMENTS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
CORINAIR EMISSION FACTORS
NATIONAL STATISTIC INSTITUTE
REGIONAL INSPECTORATES OF ENVIRONMENT
150 LARGE POINT SOURCES
2000POINT SOURCES
The data collected are air pollution control facilities and their efficiency, technological and production data, data for fuels used and fines imposed and estimated emissions, as well as the emission factors .
In Bulgaria the emissions are calculated in relation with
CORINAIR - 94 methodology. Data from the emission inventory are
stored at local and national level. Local databases are created in the RIE and NSI. The both institutions
provide emission data to the National Database in EEA. The data are updated every year.
Every year EEA provides the UN European Commission for Europe (UN-ECE) with SO2,
NO2, CH4, NMVOC, CO, NH3, Cd, Pb, Hg, PAH, PCBs, HCB, PCP, dioxins emissions data
from 11 activity sector groups.
The activity sector groups are public power, congeneration and district heating plants;
commercial, institutional and residential combustion; industrial combustion; production processes;
extraction and distribution of fossil fuels; solvent use; road
transport; other mobile sources and machinery; waste
treatment and disposal; agriculture and nature.
EEA and REI conduct measurements of TSP, soot,
SO2, NO2 emissions and some other specific pollutants /CH4, NMVOC, Cd, Pb, Hg/ in order to
assess compliance with National Emission Standards. These measurements covered about 150 large point sources
according to the Bulgarian legislation. Additional 300 - 400
enterprises are measured.
DIOXIN EMISSIONS
Current DIOXIN emission inventory in Bulgaria is based
on emission factors taken from CORINAIR – 94 methodology,
but it is planned to improve the assessment of potential key sources by dioxin emissions
measurements
Policies and measures for dioxin emissions reduction
Bulgaria has a National Environmental Strategy
adopted in 2001. One of the priority sectors in the National Strategy is reduction emission
of large combustion installations.It sets a target for reduction of the national dioxin
emissions according to the 1998 CLRTAP POPs Protocol
The National Environmental Strategy identifies following priority sectors for dioxin emissions reduction:1.Waste incineration;2. Metallurgical industry;3.Solid fuels residential heating.
It is planned to be prepared a Persistent Organic Pollutants /POPs/ Strategy, which will be more specifically targeted to
dioxin issues.The National Program on Reduction of POPs
Emissions from Stationary Sources should be prepared by MEW before mid 2004. It will
set-up emission limit values to achieve dioxin emission
reductions.
The Directive 2000/76/EC has not been transposed yet.
The Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water envisages to transpose the Directive 2000/76/EC into the national legislation by mid 2003.
At the moment according to the Bulgarian Regulations on the
conditions and requirements for the construction and operation of municipal waste disposal facilities
and installations and on the conditions and requirements
hazardous waste treatment the concentration of dioxins in the flue gases [from waste incinerators for
any type of waste, including hospital] may not exceed 0.1 ng
TEQ/m3.
It’s already clear at present that the enforcement of this ELV has failed with regard to the existing
hospital and hazardous waste incinerators. As a result MOEW plans to extend the deadline for achieving compliance [with the
New Regulation transposing Directive 2000/76/EC which will be
adopted next year] to 2005 [for hazardous] and 2007 [for hospital
waste].
The IPPC Directive 96/61/EC has not been transposed into the national legislation. It is expected to be adopted till may 2003. It is intended to
extend the transitional period after 2007 for some existing industrial facilities to comply
with Best Available Technology. The transitional period may be
up to 5 years [until 2012]
Following the official statistics the biggest dioxin emission sources in Bulgaria are the
thermoelectric power plants, the domestic burning and the
industrial non-combustion processes
To date there are no dioxin limit values applied to
industrial sources. They will be applied since 2003 within the IPPC permitting procedure.
According to currently applied legislation dioxin measurements have to be performed at regulatory basis at:-Municipal waste incinerators - Regularly /2 times per year/-Hazardous waste incinerators - Regularly /2 times per year/-Hospital waste incinerators - Regularly /2 times per year/Waste co-incineration - Regularly /1 time per year/
At the moment Bulgaria has not laboratory (ies) which perform dioxin content determination in
samples (food, soil, liquid etc.)
The EEA’s and REI’s stack-testing groups may perform similar operation, but are still not accredited for the purpose
[according to the relevant QA/QC requirements].