EMISION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS. …€¦ · Directive : pollution from large combustion plants...

Part-financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund

PlasTEP training course and Summer school 2011 Warsaw / Szczecin

Saulius Vasarevicius, VGTU

EMISION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Valid EU directives

• Directive 96/62/EB „Due to ambient air quality evaluation and management “ 1996 september 27 d.

• Directive „1999/30/EB „Due to sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide,

• Nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and lead limit values in ambient air“ 1999 april 22 d.

• Directive 2000/69/EB „Due to benzene and carbon monoxide

• Limit values in ambient air 2000 nowember 16 d.

• Directive 2002/3/EB „Due to ozone in ambient air“ 2002 february 12 d.

• Directive 2004/107/EB „Due to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and policyclic aromatic compounds in ambient air“ 2004 december 15 d.

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Directive : pollution from large combustion plants(november 11, 2001)

This directive applies to combustion plants (technical apparates in which fuels are oxidised in order to use the heat thus generated) with a rated thermal inputequal to or greater than 50 MW, irrespective of type of fuel used

To reduce the annual emissions of SO2, NOx, from existing plants and to lay down limit values for SO2 , NOx and PM in the case of new plants

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SO2 NOx VOC NH3

European union (15 countries)

3 850 6519 6 510 3 110

France 375 810 1050 780

Germany 520 1051 995 550

UK 585 1167 1200 297

Spain 746 847 662 353

National emissions ceilings to reach in 2010 (in kilotonnes)

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• APPLICATIONS:Municipal Waste Incineration Plants / Industrial Waste Incineration Plants / Hospital Waste Incineration Plants / etc.

Power plants and combustion industrial processes

• Regulations and standards: urban and national levels

• Planning for protection of urban and regional air quality

• Continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) :

– Measurement at the stack (pollution control)

– Measurement at upstream (process control)

• Polluter’s pay principal for emission (tax according to weight of gas emitted)

HOW TO LIMIT EMISSIONS ?

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Urban waste (municipal) Cement plant incinerating industrial waste

- Dedicated Industrial waste- Chemical plant using its own incinerators - Hospital waste Sludge (municipal, chemical, paper or waste water

treatment plants)

Various types of incinerators

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Components 24h average in mg/m3 30 min. average in mg/m

3

HCl 10 60

SO2 50 200

NOx expressed as NO2 1) 200 for existing plants > 6 ton/h or new plants

400

2) 400 for existing plants < 6 ton/h

VOC 10 20

HF 1 4

Dust 10 30

CO Can be set by local authorities (50-100 mg/m3, daily average)

All components expressed as dry mg/Nm3 at 11 % of O2 Note: Dioxins and Furans limit values are 0.1 ng/m

3( 6 hour average), not to

be exceeded in the twice-yearly measurements

Regulations & Standard: EU Emission Regulation

Incineration Plants – Emission Limit Values

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Controlled pollutants according to EU documents

• Particulate matter (KD10)

• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

• Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

• Carbon monoxide (CO)

• Ozone (O3)

• VOC (Benzene)

• Lead (Pb)

• Heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni)

• Polycyclic aromatic compounds (Benz(a)pyrene)

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Pollutant Concentration Averaging period Legal naturePermittedexceedences each year

Fine articles (PM2.5) 25 µg/m3 1 year Target value enters into force 1.1.2010Limit value enters into force 1.1.2015

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

350 µg/m3 1 hour Limit value enters into force 1.1.2005 24

125 µg/m3 24 hours Limit value enters into force 1.1.2005 3

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

200 µg/m3 1 hour Limit value enters into force 1.1.2010 18

40 µg/m3 1 year Limit value enters into force 1.1.2010*

Lead (Pb) 0.5 µg/m3 1 year Limit value enters into force 1.1.2005 (or 1.1.2010 in the immediate vicinity of specific, notified industrial sources; and a

1.0 µg/m3 limit value applies from 1.1.2005 to 31.12.2009

Carbon monoxide(CO)

10 mg/m3 Maximum daily 8 hour mean

Limit value enters into force 1.1.2005

Benzene 5 µg/m3 1 year Limit value enters into force 1.1.2010**

Ozone 120 µg/m3 Maximum daily 8 hour mean

Target value enters into force 1.1.2010 25 days averaged over 3 years

Arsenic (As) 6 ng/m3 1 year Target value enters into force 1.1.2012

Cadmium (Cd) 5 ng/m3 1 year Target value enters into force 1.1.2012

Nickel (Ni) 20 ng/m3 1 year Target value enters into force 1.1.2012

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1 ng/m3 1 year Target value enters into force 1.1.2012

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PM10 limits

Quality standards for ambient air

duration limit toleranceDeadline for compliance with

the limit

Phase 1

24hour limit for the protection of human health

24 hours50 μg/m3 which should not be exceeded more than 35 times

per calendar year

50% the entry into force of this Directive, decreasing from

1/1/2001 and then every 12 months at an annual rate equal to as much as 0% on 1/1/2005

1/1/2005

Annual limit value for the protection of human health

annual 40 μg/m3

20the entry into force of this Directive, decreasing from


1/1/2005

Phase 2

24hour limit for the protection of human health

24 hours50 μg/m3 τwhich should not be

exceeded more than 7 times per calendar year

Will be calculated based on data and is equivalent to the

limit of Stage 11/1/2010

Annual limit value for the protection of human health

annual 20 μg/m3

50% the entry into force of this Directive, decreasing from


1/1/2010

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11

Major Air Pollutants: Problems

• Sulfur dioxide - acid rain, health damage, visibility reduction

• Nitrogen oxides - acid rain, eutrophication, growth of weedy species

• Carbon monoxide - inhibited respiration

• Lead and mercury - neurological damage

• Chlorofluorocarbons - ozone depletion

• Particulate matter - lung damage, cancer

• Volatile organic compounds – (isoprenes, terpenes, methane, & benzene, chloroform, etc) oxidized to CO, CO2 in the atmosphere; carcinogens?

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Energy and Air Issues

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* Limited emissions

from various

sources, including

biomass burning.

COAL

OIL

NATURAL

GAS

OTHER*

NOX

VOCs

SO2

N2O

CH4

CO2

PARTICULATE

MATTER

TOXICS

ACID RAIN

SMOG

CLIMATE

CHANGE

HAZARDOUS

AIR

POLLUTANTS

Energy

Production

and Use

Emissions Atmospheric

Issues

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The Hydroxyl Radical: Nature’s Cleanser

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The Appearance of Smog

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Impacts of Smog: Temperature Inversion

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Long range transport of pollutants

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Effects of Air Pollution

• Human health

• Plant pathology

• Visibility reduction

• Acid deposition

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Mercury - What is it and where it comes from

- Forms of Mercury - Elemental, Inorganic and Organic- Methylmercury

- Sources of Mercury- Natural sources- Anthropogenic

- Combustion- Manufacturing - Mining

- Re-mobilization

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (1997). Mercury Study Report to Congress. Volume VI: An Ecological Assessment for Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States

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http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3/reports/volume6.pdf


Exposure to Mercury

- Environmental Effects- Ecosystems

- aquatic- terrestrial

- Bioaccumulation

- Health Effects- Consumption of fish- Dental amalgams- Spills, Products, Airborne Mercury- Minamata Disease

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (1997). Mercury Study Report to Congress. Volume VI: An Ecological Assessment for Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States

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Acid Rain and Trees

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Forests affected by Acid RainNortheast US

Northern EuropeAsia

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Ecosystem damage caused by sulfur dioxideemissions and acid rain (destroyed forests near Sudbury, Ontario)

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Effects on Human Beings

• Increases in air pollution have been linked to decreases in lung function and increases in heart attacks.

• High levels of air pollution according to the Air Quality Standards directly affect people with asthma and other types of lung or heart disease.

• Long-term exposure to air pollution can cause cancer and long-term damage to the immune, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems. In extreme cases, it can even cause death.

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Author Title Year of publication

FEEM FEEM Probabilistic Long-term assessment of new energy technology scenarios in prepTyndall CIAS model in prepvan Vuuren, et al., in prep. Developing new scenarios as a common thread for future climate research in prepvan Ruijven et al., in prep. The potential impact from hydrogen energy use on the atmosphere in prepEC, 2011 Roadmap for a low carbon economy by 2050 2011IIASA Global Energy Assessment 2011Greens/EFA, 2011 The Vision Scenario for the European Union 2011, Update for the EU-27 2011EMEP-HTAP, 2011 Ozone & Aerosols - Chapter A3: Emissions & Projections 2011UNEP, 2011 UNEP BC assessment 2011Shell, 2011 Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050 2011E3MLab Clean Technology Systems - various scenario 2011"IPCC AR5" NIES/AIM, IIASA/MESSAGE, PNNL/MiniCAM, and PBL/IMAGE RCP scenarios 2010JRC, 2010 Climate and air quality impacts of combined climate change and air pollution policy scenarios 2010Greenpeace/EREC, 2010 Energy [R]evolution 2010ECF, 2010 Roadmap 2050: a practical guide to a prosperous low-carbon Europe 2010EREC, 2010 RE-Thinking 2050 - A 100% Renewable Energy Vision for the European Union 2010IEA, 2010 Energy technology perspectives 2010 2010Van Vuuren, et al., 2010a Low stabilization scenarios and implications for major world regions from an integrated assessment perspective 2010van Vuuren,et al., 2010b Exploring IMAGE model scenarios that keep greenhouse gas radiative forcing below 3W/m2 in 2100 2010EC- DGEN / IIASA, 2010 GAINS projections based on Primes 2009-baseline (EU energy trends to 2030 - Update 2009) 2010EC- DGEN / IIASA, 2010 GAINS projections based on Primes 2010-reference (EU energy trends to 2030 - Update 2009) 2010EIA, 2010 EIA international energy outlook 2010 2010IAEA, 2010 Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2050 2010TRL Policies ro decarbonise transport in Europe: 80 by 50 2010Fraunhofer - ISI A transport scenario for Europe until 2050 in a 2-degree world 2010Eurelectric, 2009 Power choices: pathways to carbon-neutral electricity in Europe by 2050 2009Royal Society, 2009 Ground-level ozone in the 21st century: future trends, impacts and policy implications 2009PBL/SRC/SU, 2009 Getting into the right lane for 2050 2009Doering et al. CIRCE emission scenarios 2009Rypdal, et al., 2009 Climate and air quality-driven scenarios of ozone and aerosol precursor abatement 2009Bollen, et al., 2009 Local air pollution and global climate change: A combined cost-benefit analysis 2009Selin et al., 2009 Global health and economic impacts of future ozone pollution 2009IEA, 2009 World energy outlook 2009 2009Exxon/Mobil, 2009 Outlook for energy; A view to 2030 2009iTREN-2030 The iTREN-2030 Reference Scenario until 2030 2009IEA Transport, Energy and CO2 - BLUE Map/Shifts scenario 2009TRANSvisions Transport Scenarios with a 20 and 40 Year Horizon 2009World Bank, 2008 International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development 2008US-CCSP, 2007 Scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations 2007

Evaluation of available emission scenario

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New directive “Due to ambient air quality and more pure air in Europe”

It was decided to replace one of five acts, when necessary - implementing measures in order to take into account the latest developments in health and education sectors and Member States' experiences and interests of clarity, simplicity and administrative efficiency:

1996 m. September 27 d. directive 96/62/EB due to ambient air quality evaluation and management,

• 1999 m. April 22 d. directive 1999/30/EB due to sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and lead limit values in ambient air,

• 2000 m. November 16 d. directive 2000/69/EB due to benzene and carbon monoxide ambient air limit values,

• 2002 m. February 12 d. directive 2002/3/EB due to ozone in ambient air,

• 1997 m. January 27 d. directive 97/101/EB, determinating net and separate stations measuring ambient air pollution in EU countries, mutual exchange of information and data.

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• Establishment European Environmental Agency (EEA) and its Topic Centres

• A common European Environmental Information system (EIONET): Air Quality (and Emission) database through AIRBASE

• Presentation of data: Air Pollution Indicators & Urban Air Pollution

• Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution & Climate Change: the next steps

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Introduction: Development European Community Legislation

Around 1975: EC establish an air pollution expert working group: Gathering urban air quality data (mostly SO2), main focus on QA/QC of measurement methods and site selection

1979: Legal structure EoI (Exchange of Information) directive: Member states selects a representative number of measurement stations to EC, EC stores data and yearly report data

80’s: Directives for SO2 and particles, Lead and NO2

1990: EoI directive ends 10 year period, new EoI needed countries decide to continue on a voluntary basis, development of Girafe (Guide of Air Quality Monitoring Networks in Europe)

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• 1992: Ozone directive

• 1996: Air Quality Framework adopted: general principles for pollutant directives set

• 1997 new EoI adopted, all measurement stations that measures a component on the list (.. Components) has to be reported (in 2001 amended)

• 1998 EU provides countries with DEM, a data exchange module to convert national data to Airbase, EEA starts to provide yearly Air pollution reports based on the data provided.

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• 1999: First Daughter directive adopted (PM10, So2, No2, lead)

• 2000: Second daughter directive: CO and Benzene

• 2001: Third Daughter directive: Ozone

• 2001: Emission Directive (NEC): SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3 national emission ceilings for 2010 set

• 2001: CAFE (Clean Air For Europe) is launched: a thematic strategy is foreseen for 2004

• coming up: Daughter directives for PAH’s and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, As, Hg)

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Introduction: Summary

Monitoring and reporting air emissions and air quality data is required under

• CLRTAP protocols

• EU legislation

(air quality/emission Directives)

• UNFCCC

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Integrated Assessment (ACC)

energy transport industry agriculture tourism

Economy & population

D

P

S

CO2 GHG SO2 NHxVOC PM10NOx

PM10O3NO2SO2PM10O3NO2SO2

Emissions

Air qualityregional urban

I

R

Health Ecosystems Materials

ECCP CAFE

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Practical aspects - Air Emissions

• Indicator reports

• Guidebook

• Reporting software:

●CollectER

●ReportER

• Internet data service

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Practical aspects - Air quality

• Indicator reports

• Guidance documents

• EUROAIRNET monitoring network

• AIRBASE information system

• AQ-DEM reporting software

• Model Documentation System

• Internet data service

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Country Support Tools for Air Quality

Database

Airbase

Web based applications

(etc-acc.eionet.eu.int) :

AIRVIEW

MDS (Model catalogue)

(ON LINE OZON WEBSITE)

PC-application:

DEMv5

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EIONET

• EEA supports and helps improving and streamlining national reporting

• Assessment and reporting is carried out in close contact with national coordination centers and expertise centers

(meetings, workshops, informal contacts)

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Emissions

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emissions

8 %

26 %

7 %

13 %

9 %

12 %

13 %

18 %

34 %

25 %

5 %

53 %

65 %

32 %

46 %

31 %

4 %

8 %

4 %

20 %

61 %

8 %

16 %

34 %

0 %

0 %

0 %

0 %

2 %

1 %

1 %

1 %

6 %

6 %

3 %

7 %

0 %

0 %

1 %

0 %

1 %

3 %

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %

Eutrophying potential

Acidifying potential

Sulphur dioxide

Tropospheric Ozone

Nitrogen oxides

PM10

Energy Industry Transport Agriculture Waste Other Fugitive Emissions

He

alth

Ma

teria

ls

Eco

system

s

Potential Pollutant

Emission Pressures

Contributing Economic Sector Drivers Potential Impacts

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Emission: obligations

-65% -55% -45% -35% -25% -15% -5% 5% 15% 25%

Portugal Greece Ireland

Spain Italy

Finland Belgium

Denmark France

Sweden Austria

Netherlands United Kingdom

Luxembourg Germany

EU15

% change from 1990

1990 - 2010: CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol, 1 Dec. 1999 1990 - 2010: NECD Common position, June 2000 1990 – 1998: emissions

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Greenhouse gases: Distance-to-target (1999)

-0,4

-30,7

-9,3

-8,4

-1,1

-0,3

-0,2

5,7

6,1

7,3

8,5

8,8

10,2

13,5

16,3

16,5

-40,0 -30,0 -20,0 -10,0 0,0 10,0 20,0

EU-15

Luxembourg

Germany

United Kingdom

Finland

Sweden

France

Greece

Belgium

Italy

Austria

Netherlands

Portugal

Denmark 1)

Ireland

Spain

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AIRBASE

• AQ Data collection based on “Exchange of Information Decision“ (EoI)

• pan-European

• Metadata of air quality measurement stations in Europe (information about networks, stations and measurement configurations)

• Air quality measurement data (raw data, statistics) of more than 30 countries

• available to general public

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Access to AIRBASE

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1995-1999

AIRVIEW

Facilitates interactive access to AIRBASE

Visualisation of data in the form of maps, graphs or

tables

Java based applet application

http://www.etcaq.rivm.nl/databases/ airview.html

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Weekday dependence of ozone concentrations

• …can provide information concerning the effect of emission reductions on Ozone

• NMVOC and NOx emissions are ca 30 % lower during weekend days than during working days

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The Ozone weekend effect

Ozone

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

1,3

1,4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Norm

aliz

ed

co

nce

ntr

ation

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The Ozone weekend effect

Nitrogen Dioxide

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

1,3

1,4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

No

rma

lize

d c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

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Average rural ozone trends are upward

rural background stations > 5 full years

0

5

10

15

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

trend (%/y)

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Urban ozone trends are more positive

O3 trends all stations > 5 full years

0

5

10

15

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

trend (%/y)

urban

rural

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High exceedances are going down

exceedance 3 times 240 ug/m3; all stations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

n>

3*2

40

/ n

ho

ur

* 1

00

00

0

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Ozone summary (1994-2000)

50 P 98 P

# stations (> 1my) 1787 1788

> 5 monitoring years 645 645

upward trend 127 3

downward trend 11 165

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Exceedance days Ozone (1994-2000)

180(1h) 110(8h) 65(24h)

______________________________________________________

# stations (>1my) 1868 1804 1745

> 5 mon years 664 586 592

upward 6 15 53

downward 131 131 83

zero 87 3 0

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DEM (Data Exchange Module)

Facilitates data transmission from countries to AIRBASE

PC-application

Add, modify and delete meta information on AQ networks, stations and measurement configurations

Visualise imported data

Generate reports giving an overview contained in application

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DEM

Transmitting the database through Internet (Ftp) for incorporation in Airbase

Next cycle, next year: The DEM is sent to the countries; the DEM is pre loaded with all actual meta information of AIRBASE. The countries are asked to correct and complete the meta information and to add the data of the last year

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Exchange of Information Decision 97/101/EC (from 2002: 2002/752/EC)

Directive 92/72/EC (Ozone)

EEA-Euroairnet

EMEP Task Force Measurement and Modelling

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DEM

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Summary: Country Support Tools for Air Quality Accessible by Website

URL: etc-acc.eionet.eu.int

Interactive access to AIRBASE (Airview)

Download DEM

Information

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ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

• representative

• transparent

• distinctive

• consistent within DPSIR-chain

• target value

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Air Pollution Indicators

Building blocks for:

• Environmental Signals report of EEA

• sectoral reports (TERM, EERM)

• Kiev report (ministerial conference)

• Air Quality & Air Pollution reports

• …...

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Core set-pressure:

• emissions acidifying pollutants

• emissions ozone precursurs

• emissions prim & sec PM10

• emissions SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3

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Core set-impact & response

(under development):

• human health exposure and risk by air pollution

• effectiveness policy response SO2 and NOx

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Industry sector

-60%

-50%

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

AddedValue

EnergyUse

TroposphericOzonePrecursors

Acidifyingsubstances

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Urban ozone (8h>110 ug/m3)

exposure of urban population to O3frequency of exposure class (all data)

0

25

50

75

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

fracti

on

of

urb

an

po

pu

lati

on

(%

)

0

30

60

90

urb

an

po

pu

lati

on

(M

)

0 days 0-15 days 15-30 days >30 days population

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Urban SO2

exposure of urban population to SO2frequency of exposure class

0

25

50

75

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

fracti

on

of

urb

an p

op

ula

tio

n (

%)

0

30

60

90

120

urb

an

po

pu

lati

on

(M

)


EEA-18

exposure of urban population to SO2frequency of exposure class

0

25

50

75

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

fracti

on

of

urb

an

po

pu

lati

on

(%

)

0

30

60

90

120

150

urb

an

po

pu

lati

on

(M

)


all data

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Urban PM10

exposure of urban population to PM10frequency of exposure class

0

25

50

75

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

fracti

on

of

urb

an p

op

ula

tio

n (

%)

0

30

60

urb

an

po

pu

lati

on

(M

)


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Urban Air Pollution: exceedance of LimitValues (LV)

Number of cities and their population with reported data and with stations above LV.

Total European urban population: 234 millions (in 29 EEA+Phare countries).

Cities with data cities > LV cities >1.5 LVno. Pop. no. Pop. no. Pop

PM10 UB 80 44.3 24 5.2 5 0.51(day) Hotspot 65 40 10

NO2 UB 360 100.0 45 41.5 7 21.3

(year) Hotspot 320 23 3

Ozone UB 406 102.0 114 29.4 0(8-hour)

SO2 UB 366 94.7 6 0.7 3 0.25

(day) Hotspot 338 13 5

UB: Urban background stations

Hotspot: Traffic or industrial stations

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Integrated Environmental Assessment - Framework

• Driven by policy questions (GHG MM and CAFE)

• Covering full DPSIR causality chain focus on sectors

• Baseline trends: emerging issues and policy effectiveness

• Geogr. scope: EU and ACC

• Time horizon: 2010/2010 (+2050 for CC)

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GHG & S Concentration

Urban emissionsNational/Regional GHG & SO2 emissions

(global)National SO2, NOx, NH3, VOC, PM emissions

Impacts

•Health

•Ecosystems

Impacts

•Health

Concentration/ Deposition

Background

Climate (change)Population

Urban Concentration

Impacts

•Sea level

•Ecosystems

•Climate

Response: . Ancillary benefits

•cost- & environmental effectiveness

Interaction

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Distance-to-target (2010) without additional measures

UK

Germany

Denmark

Greece

Luxembourg

Spain

Total EU

France

Sweden

Finland

Belgium

Austria

Netherlands

Ireland

Portugal

Italy

-40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10%

2010 gap in % of 1990

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EU: % of urban population exposed to

exceedances

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

PM10 NO2Benzene

O3 SO2 Pb CO

1995

2010

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EU Air Pollution

Legislation

Mobile

Sources

Stationary

sources

National

emissions

ceilings

IPPC LCP’s

RoadNon-road Fuels Quality

Framework

Directive

1St Daughter

2nd Daughter

3rd Daughter

Exchange

Information

4th Daughter

Concentrations Emissions

Incineration VOC’s

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EU Air Quality Framework Directive• Directive 96/62: Framework obligations

●capacity building

●define zones and agglomerations

●Perform assessment : Measurement/modelling

●Inform the public

●Report to the Commission

●Management :

Maintain air quality where good

If Conc>Limit Value + Margin of tolerance: Prepare, implement plans and programmes

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EU Air Quality Daughter Directives• Air quality standards, minimum monitoring requirements,

stations criteria, reference methods

• Directive 99/30:

●limit values for PM10, NOx, SO2 and lead


●limit values for benzene and CO


●Target values for Ozone

●Monitoring of ozone precursors (NO2, VOCs)

• Directive 2004/107: Target values BaP, HM (excluding Hg)

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IPPC: Activities covered

• Energy industries

• Production and processing of metals

• Mineral industry

• Chemical industry

• Waste management

• Other activities

● Production of pulp and paper

● Pre-treatment of textiles

● Tanning of hides

● Slaughterhouses and processing of food products

●Disposal of animal waste

● Rearing of poultry or pigs

● Printing, coating, degreasing, waterproofing etc.

● Production of carbon or electrographite

Annex I: CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

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EMISION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS. …€¦ · Directive : pollution from large combustion plants...

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Transcript of EMISION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS. …€¦ · Directive : pollution from large combustion plants...