( )Engineering Information Abstracts Part I480

Abstract: This article is the first in a seven-part series entitled‘EMC Fundamentals.’ In his introductory treatment of EMCstandards, Dag Bjorklof provides the basic framework forregulation in the U.S. and EU, and the current status ofinternational harmonization efforts. Over the next year, ‘EMCFundamentals’ will provide in-depth treatments of EMC mea-surements, immunity testing, components, shielding and other

Ž .important issues. In English Author abstract EI Order Num-ber: 98024039645Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; Standards; Electro-magnetic wave interference; Electronic equipment testing;Laws and legislation

Title: INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYSTEMS EMC STAN-DARD

( )Author s : Trout, Dawn H.Source: Compliance Engineering v 14 n 6 Nov-Dec 1997.Compliance Engineering Andover MA USA. p 33-36, 38,40-42 ISSN: 0898-3577 CODEN: CENGE3Publication Year: 1997

Ž .Abstract: The electromagnetic compatibility EMC require-ments, Space Systems standard is developed for the Interna-tional Organization for Standardization Technical Committee,

Ž .Subcommittee, and Working Group WG . The documentnumber is Working Draft 14302. The draft of this document isprepared by the Marshall Space Flight Center under the

Ž .National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA . Itassures space system EMC by defining necessary analysis andtest requirements in all EMC areas. It provides a standardthat balances optimization within a space system with theappropriate standardization across systems. In English 7 Refs.EI Order Number: 98024039638Keywords: Spacecraft; Electromagnetic compatibility; Aeros-pace engineering; Standardization; Optimization; Cost effec-tiveness; Electromagnetic wave interference; Internationalcooperation

Title: PROTECTION RELAYS AND THE EMC DIRECTIVE( )Author s : Croft, S.A.

Source: Proceedings of the 1997 32nd Univertsities PowerŽ .Engineering Conference, UPEC’97. Part 2 of 2 Sep 10-12

1997 v 2 Manchester, UK. Technological Educational InstituteIraklio Greece. p 963-966 CODEN: 002221Publication Year: 1997Abstract: In 1989, the European Community’s legally binding

Ž .directive on Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC was con-ceived to address the issue of system malfunction due to theeffects of interference. Since the 1st of January 1996, allelectrical & electronic products sold in Europe must complywith the requirements of the Directive, namely that productsshall not produce levels of interference which may causemalfunction of other electronic equipment, nor shall productsbe caused to malfunction by the presence of interference.

Between 1994 & 1996, GEC Alsthom T&D Protection &Control Ltd demonstrated compliance with the Directive forover 50 product groups in its range of protection relays whichare used to protect power systems in the electricity supply andtransmission industry around the world. The extensive rangeof products includes several generations of technology, fromelectromechanical assemblies of the 1940s to analogue elec-tronics of the 1970s and high speed digital electronics of the1990s. This paper discusses the criteria used to establishcompliance, the methods used to demonstrate compliance andtechniques used to improve EMC performance. In EnglishŽ .Author abstract EI Order Number: 98013997800Keywords: Electric relays; Electric equipment protection;Electric power systems; Electromagnetic compatibility; Perfor-mance

Title: DESIGNING FOR EMC’ - A CASE STUDY FOR DE-VELOPING A COURSE IN ELECTROMAGNETIC COM-PATIBILITY

( )Author s : Nelson, Robert MartinSource: IEEE Transactions on Education v 40 n 4 Nov 1997.IEEE Piscataway NJ USA. p 283-286 ISSN: 0018-9359 CO-DEN: IEEDABPublication Year: 1997Abstract: In the past several years, Federal and internationalregulations limiting the interference potential of electronicdevices have forced designers and manufacturers of these

Ž .devices to consider the electromagnetic compatibility EMCof their products. Although there are a few universities whichoffer courses to prepare electrical engineers for this challenge,many faculty are hesitant to introduce courses dealing withEMC. A case study is presented of how a such a course wasdeveloped at North Dakota State University. Issues andconcerns that occurred throughout the development and im-plementation process are discussed and encouragement isgiven to faculty who are interested in including EMC in their

Ž .curricula. In English Author abstract 29 Refs. EI OrderNumber: 97123957281Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; Teaching; Engi-neering education; Electromagnetic wave interference; Elec-tronic equipment manufacture; Electrical engineering

Title: EMIrrrrrRFI TEST EQUIPMENT FOCUSES ON MEDI-CAL DEVICE DIRECTIVE

( )Author s : O’Shea, PaulSource: EE: Evaluation Engineering v 36 n 10 Oct 1997. A.Vernon Nelson Associates Nokomis FL USA. p 63-64, 66ISSN: 0149-0370 CODEN: EVENAEPublication Year: 1997

Ž .Abstract: The European Union’s EU Medical Device Direc-Ž .tive MDD is compelling electronic equipment manufacturers

to take a closer look at the electrical safety and electromag-Ž .netic compatibility EMC functional aspects of their products.

( )Engineering Information Abstracts Part I 481

These directives are forcing engineers to find test equipmentsto help meet the demands of the directive easily and quickly.The MDD outlines a procedure that medical-device manufac-turers must follow to obtain compliance approval to sell theirproducts in the European Common Market. The MDD iscomplex and provides a significant amount of informationabout the approval process. The classification of medical de-vices determines which conformity assessment route and testprocedures are appropriate. In English 1 Refs. EI OrderNumber: 97113906223Keywords: Biomedical equipment; Electronic equipment man-ufacture; Electronic equipment testing; Electromagnetic com-patibility; Radio interference; Public policy; Standards

Title: EU REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES: ARE YOUREADY TO COMPLY?

( )Author s : Dash, GlenSource: Compliance Engineering V 14 N 5 Sep-Oct 1997.Compliance Engineering Andover MA USA. 6p ISSN: 0898-3577 CODEN: CENGE3Publication Year: 1997Abstract: All medical devices other than those which arecustom-made or involved in clinical investigations must meetthe essential requirements of Annex 1 of the Medical DeviceDirective. However, the method used to assess conformitydiffers depending on the class of the device. The directivespecifies a complex menu of conformity assessment proce-dures especially when referring to the European Regulations.In English EI Order Number: 97103862870Keywords: Biomedical equipment; Standards; Risk assess-ment; Biocompatibility; Electromagnetic compatibility

Title: COMPARING EURO-NORMS TO MILITARY STAN-DARDS

( )Author s : Hansen, Diethard; Ristau, DetlefSource: Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium onElectromagnetic Compatibility, EMC May 21-23 1997 1997Beijing, China. Sponsored by: IEEE Piscataway NJ USA. p43-46 ISSN: 0190-1494 CODEN: IISPDCPublication Year: 1997Abstract: A comparison of commercial euro-standards andinternational military standards is made with respect to dualpurpose equipment and CE certification under the European

Ž .EMC directive 89r336rEEC. In English Author abstract 6Refs. EI Order Number: 97093840838Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; Standards; Receiv-ing antennas; Bandwidth; Military applications

Title: SOME ASPECTS CONCERNING THE INTERNATIO-NAL AND RUSSIAN EMC STANDARDIZATION IN THEFIELD OF RADIO COMMUNICATION

( )Author s : Vodopianov, G.V.; Karmashov, V.S.; Nikitin, I.A.;Balachov, A.N.; Ianoz, M.Source: Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium onElectromagnetic Compatibility, EMC May 21-23 1997 Beijing,China. Sponsored by: IEEE Piscataway NJ USA. p 60-63ISSN: 0190-1494 CODEN: IISPDC

Publication Year: 1997Abstract: EMC standards in field of radio communicationexist at both national and international level. Due to the rapidintegration process in the world economy, a continuous im-provement of these standards in agreement with the interna-tional requirements is necessary, taking sometimes into ac-count some national specificities. The paper will present somesimilarities and differences between the existing Russian, IEC,CENELEC and ETSI standards and ITU-R recommendationsin the field of EMC for radio communication. The aim of thepaper is to share the experience of the authors with specialistfrom other countries who are coordinating national standardswith existing or in development international documents. In

Ž .English Author abstract EI Order Number: 97093840841Keywords: Radio communication; Electromagnetic compati-bility; Standardization; Standards

Title: CURRENT STATUS OF THE IEC 1000-4-X BASICEMC STANDARDS

( )Author s : Hopkins, MichaelSource: Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium onElectromagnetic Compatibility, EMC May 21-23 1997 Beijing,China. Sponsored by: IEEE Piscataway NJ USA p 64-67 ISSN:0190-1494 CODEN: IISPDCPublication Year: 1997Abstract: To many manufacturers, the IEC 1000-4-X series ofBasic EMC Standards seems to be constantly changing. Manu-facturers are concerned about pending changes to test stan-dards which may require the purchase of new simulators,modifications of test facilities, or re-writing test plans andprocedures. This paper will outline the operation of the taskforces and working groups responsible for developing new1000-4-X series standards, and bring the reader up-to-date onpending new documents, revisions or changes, and proposed

Žamendments to existing standards. In English Author abs-.tract EI Order Number: 97093840842

Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; Standards; Stan-dardization; Test facilities

4.2. Simulations & measurements

Title: NET AND PARTIAL INDUCTANCE OF A MI-CROSTRIP GROUND PLANE

( )Author s : Holloway, Christopher L.; Kuester, Edward F.Source: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibilityv 40 n 1 Feb 1998. IEEE Piscataway NJ USA. p 33-46 ISSN:0018-9375 CODEN: IEMCAEPublication Year: 1998Abstract: A knowledge of the net inductance of the groundplane can aid in the analysis and investigation of printedcircuit board emissions. In this paper, we present a method,based on the concept of partial inductance, to determine thenet inductance of the ground plane associated with a mi-crostrip line. This method is based on a previously derivedexpression for the current density on the ground plane. Weshow calculations for the net, self-partial, and mutual-partial