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EMIRATES NEON GROUP

Project Submitted to the

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY – DUBAI CAMPUS

In the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree

of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

By

Aiysha Abdul Majeed / Ayesha Mushtaq Shaikh / Fatma Abdallah

Mohammed Binyas / Shibin Suresh / Yasir Ali

Under the Guidance and Supervision of

Mrs. Sina Aneesh

Manipal University

Department of Management Studies

Academic City, Dubai, UAE.

May 2016

Mrs. Sina Aneesh

Department Of Management Studies

Manipal University - Dubai Campus

Academic City

Dubai, UAE

______________________________________________________________________

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled, 'Emirates

Neon Group', submitted to the Manipal University -Dubai

Campus for the award of degree of Bachelors of Business

Administration, is a record of the original work done by the

following members during the period of their study in the

Department of Management Studies, Manipal University

Dubai Campus, under my supervision and guidance.

1. Aiysha Abdul Majeed - Reg no: 1301133

2. Ayesha Mushtaq Shaikh -Reg no: 1501133

3. Fatma Abdallah Nassir -Reg no: 1401085

4. Mohammed Binyas -Reg no: 1301161

5. Yasir Ali -Reg no: 1401086

6. Shibin Suresh -Reg no: 1401091

Signature of the guide

DECLARATION

We, hereby declare that the matter embodied in this project

work entitled 'EMIRATES NEON GROUP' is the result of the

analysis of observation and is an original work and the same

has not been submitted for the award of any degree,

diploma, fellowship, associate ship or any other similar title,

to any other university.

Ayesha Shaikh Aiysha Abdul Majeed

Reg no: 1501133 Reg no: 1301133

Fatma Abdallah Nassir Mohammed Binyas

Reg no: 1401085 Reg no: 1301161

Shibin Suresh Yasir Ali

Reg no: 1401091 Reg no: 1401086

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, our sincere praise and thanks to the

almighty god for his favor upon us in completing this study.

My deepest appreciation to all who supported and guided us

to write on our preferred topic and accomplish the project.

To Mrs. Sina Aneesh, for her academic guidance, kind

support and significant comments during the study.

To Mr. Ananathan Raman, for his constant support and

encouragement.

To all the other faculties who helped us in compiling the

information resources for our project.

And to all the Group Members involved in this project for

their co-operation and contribution.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certificate......................................................................................1

Declaration....................................................................................2

Acknowledgement.....................................................................3

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction.....................................................1-12

1.1 About ENG...........................................................................1

1.2 Mission and Vision...........................................................1-2

1.3 History..................................................................................2-5

1.4 Brand History....................................................................5-7

1.5 About HANIF MERCHANT............................................7-9

1.6 About REHAN MERCHANT..........................................9-12

1.7 Locations.............................................................................12

CHAPTER 2 - Advertising……………………………….13

2.2 About Advertising………………………………………….

2.2 Marketing Mix……………………………………………….

2.3 Types of Advertising………………………………………

2.4 Purpose of Advertising…………………………………...

2.5 Sales promotions and brand loyalty………………..

2.6 ENG Product and Services………………………………

2.7 ENG Hotel Services………………………………………...

2.8 ENG Product and Services……………………………....

2.9 ENG’s Consultancy………………………………………….

2.10 Archetecture and Interior Design…………………..

2.11 Brands ENG has worked with………………………..

2.12 Why advertiding is necessary………………………..

2.13 ENG’s Competitiors………………………………………

CHAPTER 3 – Human Resources Development..........44

3.1 Human Resource Planning of ENG…………………..

3.2 Steps in Human Resource Planning Process……..

CHAPTER 4 – Conclusion……………………………………..55-57

CHAPTER 5 – Biblography…………………………………...58

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT ENG

ENG was established as Emirates Neon by Hanif Merchant in 1976, with just 27 employees focusing on creating neon signs. This 32-year journey took us from our humble beginnings as a small company with a single focus to our current position as a market leader offering a diverse array of products and services that together constitute a comprehensive range of communications solutions. Now grouped under the new parent company name of ENG (Emirates Neon Group), our specialist divisions include: Brand, Consultancy, Digital, Industries, Media, Outdoor, PR, Print, and Signage.

1.2 MISSION AND VISION

Mission

ENG (Emirates Neon Group) is determined to provide effective solutions to specialized industries, offering customers a consistently timely, reliable and affordable service. ENG's mission is ultimately to build a name for ourselves that is recognized regionally and internationally and is associated with nothing but the highest standards of quality and professionalism.

Vision

ENG's vision is simple; we aim to be the best at what we do. Our energies are therefore focused on three distinct targets:

To achieve market leadership with innovative products and services that set new trends across our industries.

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To identify and exploit new opportunities to sustain growth and profitability.

To generate demand by consistently exceeding customer expectations.

1.3 HISTORY

ENG's 32-year history has witnessed monumental changes in infrastructure, resources, facilities, offices and manufacturing capacities. Created by Hanif Merchant in 1976, and previously known as Emirates Neon Group, the company has continually assessed and reassessed the operating procedures and has steadily paved the way for a metamorphosis from a sales focused Emirates Neon into a brand name of ENG (Emirates Neon Group) synonymous with the highest standards of quality and professionalism.

Milestones

1976 Mr. Muhammad Hanif Merchant established Emirates Neon in the United Arab Emirates with 27 employees.

1980 Signed first contract with Emirates Petroleum for their

filling stations in the UAE.

1987 Opened a branch in Abu Dhabi and branches in other Emirates.

1990 Installed first Tri-O-Vision on a Unipole at Al Ahli

stadium, Dubai-Sharjah Road & Established a separate division for Outdoor advertising - Emirates Outdoor (now ENG Outdoor).

1996 Did the first Dubai Shopping Festival Decorations

Projects for all Lamppost & Lighting Decorations.

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1997 Awarded the first ever Unipole Billboards contract by Dubai Municipality for advertisement on the Sheikh Zayed Road Highway and Al Ain Highway.

1998 Rehan Merchant joined ENG as Executive Director.

1998 Awarded the prestigious Emirates Office and Hotel

Tower, Dubai signage project to ENG Signage.

1998 Established ENG Print as an offshoot to cater to market print requirements.

1999 Installed the first ultra-bright LED sign (Video Wall) in

the UAE, at the Strand Cinema Building, Bur Dubai.

1999 Established ENG Digital to develop digital ambient media.

2002 Established ENG Industries to cater to castings, traffic

signs business in the UAE and the Middle East Region.

2004 Established the Scrap Metal Trading & Aluminum Recycling Divisions in ENG Industries.

2004 Started regional market push by setting business in Oman.

2005 Established ENG Consultancy.

2005 Established business in Bahrain.

2005 Entered into a Joint Venture with Roof Internationals in

Kuwait in Outdoor Media.

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2006 Foray into TV media by acquisition of Max Media; an Ad Sales and Events firm with tie ups with the Star TV Network Channels, Fox Sports, Neo Sports

2006 Started ENG business with offices in North Africa.

2006 Established ENG Media for media buying and planning;

consolidation of ads sales via media sales representations and media ownership.

2007 Started ENG business with offices in East Africa, China,

Pakistan and the United Kingdom. 2007 Established a new architectural and interiors division in

ENG Consultancy in China.

2007 Acquired a branding, marketing, web solutions and PR Company in the UK called THINK.

2007 Foray into Publishing and Broadcast media by acquisition

of 100 Publishing

1.4 BRAND HISTORY

Clear skies and broad horizons

Hanif Merchant arrived in Dubai over 30 years ago with just a dream to create a sustainable family business, which he did with Emirates Neon. The seventies were tough – margins were small and the work was labour intensive, but Hanif Merchant slowly built a business creating neon signage that the growing petrochemical and leisure industries would come to see as an essential part of their image.

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Hard work and tough beginnings

Making neon signs takes exceptional skill, patience and no small amount of physical strength. It also requires a creative understanding of the image and message each individual client wants to project. No two jobs were the same and each presented Hanif Merchant with new challenges, and every successful new sign pushed the limits just a little further until the neon signs made by Emirates Neon were almost as well known as the multi-national companies who used them.

Signs of growth

The end of the seventies brought consolidation and invigorating new business opportunities as Emirates Neon grew to dominate the signage sector in the early 80s. As Dubai expanded and broadened its horizons, so Emirates Neon offered new and better services to clients – multi-national oil companies with international scope and high standards. Emirates Neon flourished.

Coming of age

Hanif Merchant's son Rehan Merchant took control of Emirates Neon in the early nineties, with the clear objective to develop a highly successful family business into a far-reaching international media organization. Building up sales, driving new processes, expanding the offer to clients from signage into broader media provision - the new company began to spread its wings – adding digital printing, project management, signage construction.

New challenges

Establishment and consolidation in Dubai led naturally to wider participation in the growing business centres of the Gulf and beyond. Emirates Neon became Emirates Neon Group and then ENG to reflect its group status and expanding offering. Rehan Merchant expanded Emirates Neon into new areas of business –

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powerful design and media consultancy services, far-reaching media buying, as well as moves into TV advertising on popular satellite channels.

The new pioneers

New territories await ENG’s unique combination of pragmatic business sense and extensive experience, bringing new challenges and new opportunities. Under the guidance of Hanif Merchant, Emirates Neon Group has exercised fresh acquisitions and a thriving workforce are now delivering significant new services across the world in some of the most demanding and exciting markets. As one chapter ends, so another begins everyone at ENG is proud to be part of this extraordinary global success story. 1.5 ABOUT HANIF MERCHANT (The Owner)

Hanif Merchant is the Founder and Chairman of Dubai, Emirates Neon Group. The holding company, Dubai 9 Group is a UAE-based investment company with holdings in more than a dozen countries across four continents. Established in 1971, the Dubai 9 Group has ventures in the fields of signage and visual communications, media and advertising, executive training, human capital consulting, consumer electronics, aluminum and steel fabrication, industrial coating, destination development, hotels and resorts. The Group’s portfolio includes companies such as Emirates Neon Group (the biggest signage and visual communications company in the Middle East), Ruwaad Holdings, Leading Concepts and Paradigmz.Dubai 9 Group also is a stakeholder and one of three founding members of Enshaa Holdings, whose projects, through Emirates International Holdings and Emirates Sunland, include the Palazzo Versace Resort Development in Dubai and the Palazzo

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Versace Resort on Australia’s Gold Coast, in addition to many other real estate developments. Hanif Merchant in his role as Founder and Chairman of Ruwaad Holdings is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the company and for providing strategic counsel of all its initiatives. Ruwaad Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Dubai 9 Group, is a real estate, hospitality and tourism investment and development company that focuses on creating iconic destinations with a strong focus on entertainment, hospitality and lifestyle in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. The company is in the process of creating a number of unique, high-end developments in cooperation with leading global brands in the real estate, lifestyle, hospitality, tourism and leisure entertainment industries. Hanif Merchant has extensive experience across four continents as a very successful entrepreneur. His ambition and vision is what can be observed as the Dubai 9 Group today. His experience spans across business start-ups, business operations and strategic partnerships. Over the past five years, the Group has registered tremendous growth year after year, and Mr. Merchant has played an instrumental role in this achievement. Hanif Merchant holds various degrees and certificates in Business Management and he has also attended executive education courses at the Stanford Graduate School of Business, USA; the Michigan Ross School of Business, USA; the Columbia Business School, USA, and the Center for Creative Leadership.

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1.6 REHAN MERCHANT

Rehan Merchant is the Group CEO of ENG (Emirates Neon Group), one of the fastest growing media empires in the MENA Region. In less than a decade after taking management control from his father who founded the company in the mid 70s, Rehan has transformed the UAE focused signage company into an international visual communications and media solutions conglomerate that is spread geographically over Asia, East Africa, North Africa, Gulf and Europe. During his tenure, the company has experienced more than a 5 fold increase in revenues brought by a number of well executed and strategic acquisitions and mergers. The company now boasts revenues of over $100m annually, employs 1200 individuals and has varying interests in over 20 companies worldwide. Merchant is a Bachelor in Science with Honors from one of UK’s top Management universities (in Business Research) the University of Lancaster, and has specialization in Strategic Marketing and Organisational Studies. He started his professional career in 1997 in various other businesses before joining ENG in 1998 as trainee and within a year gained operative company control. With hands on experience in every technical and engineering aspect of the business, it did not take long for him to bring on a new set of clients, consultants, architects and European automation ideas to ENG. His starting success was in 1998 when the company was awarded the prestigious Emirates Office and Hotel Tower. With the goal of providing clients with comprehensive communication solutions, Merchant established the ENG Print division in 1998 to cater to the print requirements of the

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market. The division now leads the industry with high quality images and speedy execution of campaigns. During these initial years, Merchant pioneered numerous outdoor media in the Middle East including the introduction of Digital technology for outdoor advertising. A visionary, he predicted the potential of outdoor advertising in the Gulf early on and invested heavily in the medium- the ENG Outdoor division currently leads the industry with inventory investments that surpass $100m and is experiencing unprecedented growth. With the Gulf markets opening up to the world, Merchant established ENG Industries in 2002 to support the region’s development; the division manufactures road & traffic signage in its state of the art facilities that employs top-level creative minded engineers. Immense regional growth also saw this division catering to castings, scrap metal trading and aluminum recycling. Merchant started ENG’s international journey by setting up operations in Oman and Bahrain in 2004 and successfully establishing a joint venture with Kuwait’s leading outdoor company, Roofs International. The period also saw Merchant expanding the company’s offerings to include a variety of services including architectural, interior design and way finding design consultancy by establishing ENG Consultancy in 2005. In the same year Merchant acquired the region’s leading Television advertising sales and events Company, Max Media and formed ENG Media whose services span media planning & buying and who are represented by a dedicated advertising sales team. Year 2007 saw Merchant secure the acquisition of the UAE based 100 Publishing which brought into the group includes a network of radio stations and enabled Merchant to launch a publishing arm to the business. In its first six months of operation the publishing division has launched titles in both the B2B and B2C platforms; most prominent of which

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include Insider, a weekly celebrity gossip title and IQ, the only weekly men’s magazine in the UAE. In the past two years, Merchant has launched the outdoor side of the business into international markets setting up office from as wide afield as Kenya, Egypt, China, Pakistan and the UK. In 2008, he extended the ENG brand to include Brand consultancy and PR. As a result of his unflagging ambitions and ability to turn around companies, Merchant sits on numerous advisory boards including the Dubai9 Group, Ruwaad, Greater Metropolitan Asia, East African Investments and 100 Publishing. 1.7 LOCATIONS

ENG has offices all around the world such as:

Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Dubai, Fujairah, Jebel Ali Free Zone, Sharjah,

Bahrain, China, Egypt, Kenya, Kuwait, Oman.

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CHAPTER 2 - ADVERTISING

2.1 ABOUT ADVERTISING

Advertising is a form of marketing communication used

to promote or sell something, usually a

business's product or service. Advertising by a government in favor

of its own policies is often called propaganda. The purpose of

advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that

a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually

paid for by sponsors and viewed via various old media; including

mass media such as newspapers,

magazines, Television, Radio, outdoor advertising or direct mail;

or new media such as blogs, websites or text messages. Commercial

ads seek to generate increased consumption of their products or

services through "branding," which associates a product name or

image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. Non-

commercial advertisers who spend money to advertise items other

than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest

groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Non-

profit organizations may use free modes of persuasion, such as

a public service announcement.

2.2 MARKETING MIX

The marketing mix was proposed by Professor E. Jerome McCarthy in the 1960s. It consists of four basic elements called the "FOUR Ps". Product is the first P representing the actual product. Price represents the process of determining the value of a product. Place represents the variables of getting the product to the consumer such as distribution channels, market coverage and

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movement organization. The last P stands for Promotion which is the process of reaching the target market and convincing them to buy the product.

2.3 TYPES OF ADVERTISING

Virtually any medium can be used for advertising. Commercial

advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street

furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema

and television adverts, web banners, mobile telephone screens,

shopping carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches, human

billboards and forehead advertising, magazines, newspapers, town

criers, sides of buses, banners attached to or sides of airplanes

("logojets"), in-flight advertisements on seatback tray tables or

overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and passenger

screens, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic

bands on disposable diapers, doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on

apples in supermarkets, shopping cart handles (grabertising), the

opening section of streaming audio and video, posters, and the backs

of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified"

sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is

advertising.

MEDIUM 2015 2018

Television advertisement 37.7% 34.8%

Radio advertisement 6.5% 5.9%

Outdoor Advertisement 6.8% 6.6%

Newspaper Advertising 12.8% 10.1%

Mobile Advertising 9.2% 18.4%

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2.3.1 Television advertising

Television advertising is one of the most expensive types of

advertising; networks charge large amounts for

commercial airtime during popular events.

2.3.2 Radio advertising

Radio advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a

transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is

purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the

commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to

sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an

advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found on air,

and also online.

2.3.3 Online advertising

Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet

and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering

marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered

by an ad server. Examples of online advertising include contextual

ads that appear on search engine results pages, banner ads, in pay

per click text ads, rich media ads, Social network advertising, online

classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing,

including e-mail spam.

Magazines 6.5% 5.3%

Desktop Online Advertising 19.9% 18.2%

Cinema 0.6% 0.7%

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2.3.4 Billboard advertising

Billboards are large structures located in public places which

display advertisements to passing pedestrians and motorists. Most

often, they are located on main roads with a large amount of passing

motor and pedestrian traffic; however, they can be placed in any

location with large amounts of viewers, such as on mass transit

vehicles and in stations, in shopping malls or office buildings, and in

stadiums.

2.3.5 Mobile billboard advertising

Mobile billboards are generally vehicle mounted billboards or digital

screens. These can be on dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying

advertisements along routes preselected by clients, they can also be

specially equipped cargo trucks or, in some cases, large banners

strewn from planes. The billboards are often lighted; some

being backlit, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard

displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously

or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements. Mobile

displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas

throughout the world, including: target advertising, one-day and

long-term campaigns, conventions, sporting events, store openings

and similar promotional events, and big advertisements from

smaller companies.

2.3.6 In-store advertising

In-store advertising is any advertisement placed in a retail store. It

includes placement of a product in visible locations in a store, such

as at eye level, at the ends of aisles and near checkout counters

(a.k.a. POP – point of purchase display), eye-catching displays

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promoting a specific product, and advertisements in such places as

shopping carts and in-store video displays.

2.3.7 Coffee cup advertising

Coffee cup advertising is any advertisement placed upon a coffee

cup that is distributed out of an office, café, or drive-through coffee

shop. This form of advertising was first popularized in Australia, and

has begun growing in popularity in the United States, India, and

parts of the Middle East.

2.3.8 Street advertising

This type of advertising first came to prominence in the UK by Street

Advertising Services to create outdoor advertising on street

furniture and pavements. Working with products such as Reverse

Graffiti, air dancers and 3D pavement advertising, for getting brand

messages out into public spaces.

2.3.9 Sheltered outdoor advertising

This type of advertising combines outdoor with indoor

advertisement by placing large mobile, structures (tents) in public

places on temporary bases. The large outer advertising space aims

to exert a strong pull on the observer; the product is promoted

indoors, where the creative decor can intensify the impression.

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2.4 PURPOSE OF ADVERTSING

Advertising is at the front of delivering the proper message to

customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is

to convince customers that a company's services or products are the

best, enhance the image of the company, point out and create a need

for products or services, demonstrate new uses for established

products, announce new products and programs, reinforce the

salespeople's individual messages, draw customers to the business,

and to hold existing customers.

2.5 SALES PROMOTIONS AND BRAND LOYALTY

Sales promotions are another way to advertise. Sales promotions are double purposed because they are used to gather information about what type of customers one draws in and where they are, and to jump start sales. Sales promotions include things like contests and games, sweepstakes, product giveaways, samples coupons, loyalty programs, and discounts. The ultimate goal of sales promotions is to stimulate potential customers to action. One way to create brand loyalty is to reward consumers for spending time interacting with the brand. This method may come in many forms like rewards card, rewards programs and sampling.

2.6 ENG PRODUCT AND SERVICES

2.6.1 Large Scale Outdoor Mediums

Oversized images are ideal for brand building and product awareness. Most importantly, they help to communicate the emotion that characterizes your company’s products and services. The range of large-format solutions include unipoles (billboards),

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bridge banners, wall banners, scaffolds and rooftops, offering a wide selection of hard-hitting options to choose from.

2.6.2 Small Scale Outdoor Mediums

Small-format media vehicles are terrific for tactical campaigns. Easy

to install banners, flags, mupis and lamp posts are ideal for

displaying promotional material that might need regular or urgent

changing throughout the marketing campaign.

2.6.3 Digital Outdoor Mediums

Whether you want a single, digital sign or dozens networked together for multiple locations; Plasma and LED screens offer the ability to tailor the communications with up-to-the-minute, location-appropriate information, targeting very specific segments of their market.

2.6.4 Transit Mediums

Taxis, buses and mobile trucks are all highly effective means of delivering messages to a specific location at a specific time. Hard to miss when properly branded, transit media is an increasingly important element in the marketing mix.

2.7 ENG HOTEL SERVICES

2.7.1 Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment

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They provide the highest quality of fixed kitchen and laundry equipment including cold rooms and kitchen hoods, health club equipment, computers with their associated equipment and software, all loose furniture, decorative lighting, carpets, curtains and bed covers.

2.7.2 Hotel Art

The Hotel Art will offer contemporary designs that will look at transforming the look and feel of ordinary wall interiors into an extraordinary piece of art.

2.7.3 Façade Lighting

Special features of the architecture without impairing them and gives any building their own character, making them popular attractions in the cityscape both day and night.

2.8 ENG PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

2.8.1 Transit Prints

Vehicle graphics are a popular outdoor advertising medium used by local and national advertisers across the globe. Recent worldwide studies reveal that an average of three hours is spent on the roads daily, whereas the average time spent reading a morning newspaper is just over four minutes.

2.8.2 Environmental Graphics

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The UAE’s huge consumer culture depends largely on the innovative use of the retail medium for communication; and ENG knows just

how to use it.

2.9 ENG’s CONSULTANCY

ENG Consultancy has a dedicated team of graphic designers and project managers, who have years of experience working on complete branding solutions. With a team of such talented individuals, the attitude to all projects is pragmatic and holistic rather than complex and inflexible.

ENG Consultancy provides a 360- degree approach to project management; including activities like planning, concept design, concept development, and contract management.

2.9.1 Environmental and Way-Finding Signage

Navigation from place to place is a fundamental human activity and

an integral part of everyday life. Where are you? Where are you

heading to? People use their knowledge and previous experiences to

find their way in the build environment. Way finding has the

function to inform people of the surroundings in the (unfamiliar)

build environment, it is important to show information at strategic

points to guide people into the right directions. Complex structures

in the build environment are interpreted and stored by the human

memory. Distances, locations and time may be remembered

differently than as they appear to be in reality.

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2.9.2 About

ENG provides way-finding consultancy and analysis and designs

signage systems for cities, hospitals, malls and hotels. Their job is to

make it easier for people to find their way around complex sites and

facilities and they do this by specializing in the delivery of

engineering and way-finding designs.

Designing a way-finding system can be complex as it should

integrate with the surrounding architecture, landscape and interior

design. Through way-finding analysis combined with careful

planning and implementation of appropriate systems, they can help

your organization follow a logical path. They see way-finding as

much more than just a series of signs, and therefore plan

comprehensive systems to solve complex problems of

disorientation.

2.9.3 ENG’s Clients

Over the past years we have worked on several large-scale projects

Which include Raffles Hotel, Wafi City extension, Bahrain Financial

Harbour, Al Wahda Mall, Al Khalidiyah Mall, Al Raha Mall, RAK FZE

Urban Planning, Singapore Gardens, Waterfront Luxury Apartments,

Radisson SAS Dubai Media City, Le Meridien Al Aqah, Sheikh Jaber

Stadium, Yu Yuan Renaissance Hotel, DXB Exhibition City, JAL

Fujairah Resort, Capital Towers, Dubai Airport Terminal &

Concourse 1, Bonnington Towers and much more.

2.10 ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN

ENG has an exceptional combination of expertise in hotel architecture and interior design. They have experience in the design and management of hotels across the world.

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They have thorough detailed knowledge of the property markets, building technology, energy, space planning and interior design, and ensure that their clients achieve effective, efficient, commercially viable buildings that are successful environments to work in. They are constantly investing in technology. They use state-of-the-art, fully integrated CAD technology and implement quality control procedures through all stages of design. ENG also provides 3D modeling, visual walk-through, and computer generated videos so that clients can explore design concepts in greater depths. They develop art, accessory and graphic signage programs and their presentation media includes drawings, sketches, perspectives, renderings, colour, material boards, photographs and models. Every ENG product begins with specific, clearly defined aesthetic, marketing and budgetary goals. Their reputation rests on the single most important test of achieving these goals: our clients’ success in the marketplace.

2.10.1 ENG Architectural Design Project List

Nanning Crowne Plaza

Guangxi Province China

Architectural Design & Interior Design

5 Star Hotel Hong Qiao, Shanghai

Architectural Design & Interior Design

Crystal Commercial Plaza

Tian Jin China

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Architecture Refurbish Design

5 Star Business Hotel

Cheng Du Sichuan Province China

Architecture, Interior Design

Tai Cang Jiangsu Province China

Architectural Consultancy & Interior Design

Crystal Plaza

Tian Jin China

Architectural Design & Interior Design

5 Star Business Hotel

Cheng Du Sichuan Province China

2.10.2 ENG Interior Design

Project List:

Sofitel

Boao Hainan China (with WAI)

Interior Design

Marriott Hotel

Sanya Hainan China (with WAI)

Interior Design

Qing Pu Crowne Plaza, Shanghai

Interior Design

Regalia Service Apartment

Shanghai

Interior Design

Jiang Yin Crown Plaza Hotel

Jiangsu Province China

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Interior Design

Chang Shu Holiday Inn Express

Jiangsu Province China

Interior Design

Wu Jiao Chang Holiday Inn Express, Shanghai

Boutique Hotel, Shanghai

Nanning Crowne Plaza

Guangxi Province China

Crystal Plaza

Tian Jin China

Hong Qiao Shanghai

Cheng Du Sichuan Province China

Crystal Commercial Plaza

Tian Jin China

Architectural Refurbish Design

Tai Cang Jiangsu Province China

2.10.3 ENG 3D Design

Project List:

Tai Cang Jiangsu, Province China

Chang Shu Holiday Inn Express , Jiangsu Province China

Qing Pu Crowne Plaza, Shanghai

Chang Shu Holiday Inn Express, Jiangsu Province China

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2.11 BRANDS ENG HAS WORKED WITH

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Nestle is a Swiss transnational food and beverage company. Its

world's leading nutrition, health and wellness company Twenty-

nine of Nestlé’s brands have annual sales of over 1 billion

(about US$1.1 billion). Nestle has more than 2,000 brands, from

global icons to local favorites.

Sony Corporation commonly referred to a Japanese

multinational company corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

Its diversified business includes consumer and professional

electronics, gaming, entertainment and financial services. The

company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products

for the consumer and professional markets.

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The Volvo group is a Swedish company. Its core activity is the

production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction

equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems

and financial services. Although the two firms are still often

conflated, Volvo Cars

Du is a telecom operator in the United Arab Emirates.

Although Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company is its

legal name, it was commercially rebranded as du in February 2007.

The company had 4.5 million subscribers as of the end of March

2011.

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Al Ain Dairy has played an active and influential part in the growth

of the UAE’s dairy industry over the last 25 years. As the first dairy

farm established in the country in 1981, under the directives of the

late H. H. Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nayhan, Al Ain Dairy has led

the way in producing innovative and diversified products according

to consumer taste and market demands.

The Papa John's American pizza restaurant franchise was founded in

1983. Papa John's has over 4,700 establishments around the world,

including around 3,500 in the U.S. and over 1,200 spread amongst

37 other countries and territories.

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The Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic

cable and satellite television channel. It was founded in 1980 by

American, as a 24-hour cable news channel. CNN executive officially

described the channel as "no longer a TV news network" and instead

as "a 24-hour global multiplatform network television households

(82.7% of households with at least one television set) in the United

States.

Ferrari World Abu Dhabi (Arabic: عالم فيراري أبو ظبي ) is an amusement

park located on Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It is

the first and only Ferrari-branded theme park and has the record for

the largest space frame structure ever built. The foundation stone

for the park was laid on 3 November 2007. It took three years to

develop the park and it officially opened to the public on 4

November 2010. Ferrari World Abu Dhabi covers an area of 86,000

square meters. Ferrari World Abu Dhabi was named the "Middle

East's Leading Tourist Attraction" at the World Travel Awards 2015.

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Mashreq bank is one of UAE’s leading financial institutions. Established in 1967 by the Al-Ghurair Group, it is the largest private sector bank in the UAE. With more than 45 years of experience in the UAE banking and financial services market, Mashreq bank is well established as a leading commercial and retail bank. We have a wide spread network with 44 branches in the UAE and 20 branches / representative offices in MENA, Asia, Europe and United States enabling us to finance regional trade flows.Mashreq bank has been publicly listed since inception and has been listed on the Dubai Financial Markets since the creation of the local stock exchange

Toshiba is a Japanese multinational company. Corporation

headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services

include information technology and communications equipment and

systems; Toshiba was founded in 1938 as Tokyo Shibaura Electric in

Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include

information technology and communications equipment and

systems, electronic components and materials, power systems,

industrial and social infrastructure systems, consumer electronics,

household appliances, medical equipment, office equipment, lighting

and logistics.

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2.12 WHY ADVERTISING IS NECESSARY

2.12.1 Crucial for a launch

Advertising is crucial for the launch (introduction) of a brand new

product, service or idea in the market. If the advertisement of any

concerned product, service or idea is done correctly at a right place,

through proper media, and within a particular time constraint, can

attract many new customers. It helps to capture the market and

increase sales of an advertiser. It is also essential for announcing an

upcoming event. It acts as an open invitation that maximizes the

chances of event attendance. However, if people are unaware of any

such happening, they may not show up. As a result, the event may

not get an expected response. Hence, it also contributes to the

success of an event.

2.12.2 Source of revenue

Advertising is a prime source of revenue for publishers of mass

media like newspapers, TV channels, magazines, websites and so on.

The input cost involved in processing any valuable information is

usually higher than its selling price. A publisher's expense rises due

to various data gatherings and information-processing activities like

research (investigation), professional writing, editing, proof-

reading, publishing in the form of printing or digital web hosting

and distribution. It pays publishers their input costs and in return

use their media platform as a medium to reach maximum number of

people. Indirectly, because of it, customers of publishers (who are

mostly readers or viewers) also get affordable access (or sometimes

even free access) to high-quality information databases.

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For example, newspapers sell for pennies, although their input costs

are very high. Most online websites give free and unlimited access to

their information database for 24x7 because most of their input

costs recovers from sponsors and ad-networks.

2.12.3 Sales promotion

Advertising is done to promote goods, services, ideas, and events.

Advertising promotes goods services ideas and events

It is for the promotion of:

Consumer goods under cosmetics, electronics, eatables,

stationary, jewelry, textiles, etc.

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Services provided in sectors like banking, insurance,

hospitality, air travel, consultancy, healthcare, education, so

on.

Ideas. For example, an entrepreneur encourages the general

public to invest in his business ideas.

An event during a festival or gatherings likes exhibitions,

ceremonies, rallies, etc.

2.12.4 Increases sales

Advertising spark an interest of advertised products and services in

the masses. Interest creates demand in the market. The growing

demand soon results in higher sales. Eventually, the advertiser

fulfills his main goal of investing in an advertisement. However, to

continue with such a growth in sales, the advertiser or merchant

must also maintain a good price-quality ratio along with regularly

running his ad campaigns.

2.12.5 Maximizes profit

Advertising helps in increasing sales and control the cost borne by

the advertiser. It helps to widen the gap between his sales and

incurred cost. With maximizing sales and lowering cost, the profit of

an advertiser grows. Thus, it aids in maximizing the profit of its

advertiser.

2.12.6 Consumer awareness

Advertising creates awareness by informing consumers.

Awareness: It creates awareness among consumers about the

availability of any particular product or service in the market. It

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attempts to convey them why an advertised product or service is

better than other alternatives currently available in the market.

Information: It informs a consumer, mainly about; various feature

benefits, price and use of an advertised product or service. It also

gives information about the brand name or trademark used the

address of a manufacturer or a service provider, and other relevant

details to the consumer.

2.12.7 Educate the society

Advertising has a remarkable ability to reach masses and educate

the society. Therefore, many Governments and even Non-

Governmental Organizations (NGO) often take help of

advertisements to reach and educate people on important social

issues.

Creative ads released in the public interest teach people about:

Family planning,

AIDS awareness,

Saving water and electricity,

Giving children compulsory education,

Providing a right kind of nutrition to the mother and her new-

born infant,

Abolishing child labor, etc.

2.12.8 Is Art, Science, and Profession

Advertising is all; art, science, and a profession.

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Art - because it needs creative skills.

Science - because it depends on systematic and scientific

planning.

Profession - because it's a work of professional agencies

who follow certain business ethics or a code of conduct.

2.12.9 Demands creativity

Advertising is impossible without creative thinking. In other words,

creativity is the essence (main ingredient or soul) of it.

For an advertisement to be successful, it must have some core

aspects or fundamental characteristics in it.

The five must of an advertisement (ad)

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Creative

Original

Not a copied one,

Artistic

Attractive or appealing to large masses.

Professional AD agencies must hire people with creative minds to

make advertisements original and appealing to people. For this,

experts who think ‘Out of the box’ and bring newer concepts, catchy

jingles, and display innovative presentation skills must be selected.

2.12.10 Element of a marketing mix

Advertising is an element of a marketing mix. It supports sales

promotion. In today's competitive world, it is getting difficult to sell

something. Consumers now-a-days are more cautious and better

aware of things they buy and use. They don't easily break their

loyalty towards their favorite goods or services unless and until

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something new allure them in unique way and compel them to give

it a try.

2.12.11 Target oriented

Advertising is target-oriented in nature. In general, target oriented

means to pay close attention to or keep one's focus only on a

particular thing at a given time. In the context of advertising, it

means to focus on (i.e. target), or deliver attention towards, purely

on a particular group or class of consumers. Advertising is effective

only if it is focused or target-oriented.

2.12.12 Persuasion for results

Advertising uses persuasion to make people act in a desired

direction.

It pursues people to:

Purchase (buy) products

Subscribe a service

Invest in ideas

Attend events

The persuasion works in the following six stages:

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1. Give a creative and compelling presentation of a principal

message.

2. Grasp people's attention, repeat exposure and stimulate their

senses for a quicker recognition.

3. Give comprehension on the value (importance) of the message.

4. Gain acceptance (belief) of the message.

5. Make a possible encounter and easy identification (retention).

6. Change people's behavior and let them act (give result) as

expected.

2.12.13 Monitor demand and supply

Advertising, if done repetitively, helps in generating higher demand

in the market for advertised products and services. The rising

demand must get fulfilled with an equivalent amount of supply of

products and efficient delivery of services. Proper care must be

taken to monitor the demand and supply function so that none of

the demand remains unfulfilled.

If supply is not at par with the increasing demand, then the market

may soon lose confidence and demand's downfall may take place. If

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this happens, the sale will also fall, and the money spent on

advertising won't get recovered. Eventually, this may lead to losses.

Thus, when advertising results in higher demands, an appropriate

supply must be ready to compensate it. The demand and supply

function must be well monitored to check that such compensation is

proper.

2.12.14 Builds brand's image

Advertising creates goodwill and helps in building a brand's image

in the market. Repeated advertisements make branded products

and services very popular. People tend to show a more trustworthy

attitude towards advertised brands over non-advertised ones. Well-

known branded products are usually made from quality raw

materials and hence are preferred by most consumers. As a result,

the demand for branded products increases. The rise in popularity

and building of trust gradually helps to increase the value of the

brand name. Eventually, this boosts sales of branded products and

services. It also popularizes the reputation of that entity who owns

these brands.

2.12.15 Generates employment

Advertising agencies are constantly in search of newer creative

ideas to cope with the rising demands from their clients

(advertisers). Each ad assignment (project) requires a high-level of

mental labor. There are deadlines within which projects must be

completed and submitted. Furthermore, the concept of an ad must

be also welcomed (approved) by the advertiser. Overall, this creates

a demand of creative people and thus opens new employment

opportunities in the field of advertising.

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It provides employment to deserving candidates who are creative

thinkers, directors, cinematographers, artists, models, graphic

designers, sales representatives and managers.

2.13 COMPETITORS

Many companies spend a lot of time focusing on similar companies in their industry - ignoring alternatives in other industries. This is a waste of time, effort and resource. It is also likely to result in the alternatives stealing market share from the company.

Part of any competitor intelligence system should be a process for monitoring major competitors and the overall competitive environment. The decision on who is a major competitor should be based on who competes for your customers.

Until news surfaces that there is a move up-market, the focus needs to be on those companies that are actively competing. Other companies fall into a category of potential competitors. It is essential to watch them to see what their long term plans are. But their day-to-day activity is less important.

A lot of competitor research focuses on the competitor - ignoring

why customers choose competitors. Understand the customers and

why they buy from you, and you can keep them happy, continually

satisfying their needs. Fail to satisfy these, and they will seek out an

alternative - your competitors. Ultimately, it is the customer's values

who decide who your competitor is, not us. If the customer values

another company's products more than yours, then that company is

a competitor.

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2.13.1 ENG’s COMPETITOR S

Walnut Communications was started in 2008 as an Agency to

pursue the fields of Advertising, Digital – Web and Time Lapse

Photography. Walnut was established to bring together Design,

Technology and Advertising.

Their efforts over the past 3 years have given them the opportunity

to provide their services to some reputed brands both locally and

internationally thus exposing themselves to a variety of challenges.

Each project has provided them with a unique opportunity to

challenge them and push the boundaries of Creative Thinking. Their

unique approach to projects allows them to exceed expectations

they set for themselves as an Advertising Agency. In less than 3

years, they have over 50 satisfied clients and counting.

Their portfolio is spread across various genres, right from Industrial

to FMCG, from stationery branding to television commercials, no

challenge is too small thus no challenge is too big. Limiting has

never been a strong point at Walnut Communications and therefore

each project has given them the chance to learn, grow and apply

new methods & ideology.

They don’t believe in being the biggest but in being the best.

They believe in listening to their clients and help them communicate

their brand better. Walnut communications believe that marketing

communication is a science of connecting a brand with its target

consumer. A brand needs to have a clear position, defined value

system and distinct personality traits before the creative process

starts. No hidden agendas, no hidden costs, just an up front and

honest approach to our work with the flexibility, creative spirit and

response time designed to create powerful advertising campaigns

and branding solutions that reach the hearts and minds of the

consumers our clients need to influence.

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They believe that marketing communication is a science of

connecting a brand with its target consumer. A brand needs to have

a clear position, defined value system and distinct personality traits

before the creative process starts. If an advertising message does

not catch consumer attention, its gross wastage of marketing is

dollars.

To them, Graphic Design is so much more than the use of graphic

elements and text to communicate an idea or concept. And they

immerse themselves in graphic obsession for one reason, and one

reason only, to make its clients look good.

Brand is the image of the product or service in the market. Its more

than just the client’s logo, tag line, website or brochure - it’s all those

things as one and doing them all the right way. They can help by

creating a branding strategy that will present a professional,

consistent and entertaining image that will attract loyal customers

who want to experience whatever the client has to offer.

Their services include:

Strategic Ad Campaigns

Print Commercials

Corporate & Retail Branding

Logo Design and Development

Corporate Stationeries

Royal Outdoor Advertising owns different locations in Dubai,

Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah Ajman and Al Ain as well as other

locations within UAE. Their strategy is to provide a total, integrated

and comprehensive solution to the advertising agency and the

consumer.

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Outdoor Advertising has been also known as the “Third space” which is the time people spends Out-of-Home and Out-of-Office. Previously it was dead time a time to get from A to B as quickly as possible. With the advent of phone and connectivity, it has become a much more active space allowing the consumers to engage with the advertiser on the go.

Outdoor advertising is the fastest growing traditional medium in the UAE, with advertising on billboards, Bridge banners, Lampposts, flags being the number one.

The company provides a wide range of services to their clients.

The company services include:

Outdoor Media Uni poles Lampposts Mini poles Roof Tops Flags Bridge Banners Wall Banners Side Hoardings

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CHAPTER 3 - HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

3.1 PROCESSES IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The HR Management is about managing the development and the

performance of employees employed in the organization. Many

organizations say that employees are their most valuable assets.

Each organization works towards the realization of one vision. The

same is achieved by formulation of certain strategies and execution

of the same, which is done by the HR department. At the base of this

strategy formulation lie various processes and the effectiveness of

the former lies in the meticulous design of these processes.

The following are the various HR processes:

Human resource planning (Recruitment, Selecting, Hiring, Training, Induction, Orientation, Evaluation, Promotion and Layoff).

Employee remuneration and Benefits Administration Performance Management. Employee Relations.

The efficient designing of these processes apart from other things

depends upon the degree of correspondence of each of these. This

means that each process is subservient to other.

3.1.1 Human Resource Planning

Generally, we consider Human Resource Planning as the process of

people forecasting. It also involves the processes of Evaluation,

Promotion and Layoff.

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Recruitment - It aims at attracting applicants that match a certain

Job criteria.

Selection -The next level of filtration. Aims at short listing

candidates who are the nearest match in terms qualifications,

expertise and potential for a certain job.

Hiring - Deciding upon the final candidate who gets the job.

Training and Development: Those processes that work on an

employee onboard for his skills and abilities upgradation.

3.1.2 Employee Remuneration and Benefits Administration

The process involves deciding upon salaries and wages, Incentives,

Fringe Benefits and Perquisites etc. Money is the prime motivator in

any job and therefore the importance of this process. Performing

employees seek raises, better salaries and bonuses.

3.1.3 Performance Management

It is meant to help the organization train, motivate and reward workers. It is also meant to ensure that the organizational goals are met with efficiency. The process not only includes the employees but can also be for a department, product and service or customer process; all towards enhancing or adding value to them.

Nowadays there is an automated performance management system (PMS) that carries all the information to help managers evaluate the performance of the employees and assess them accordingly on their training and development needs.

3.1.4 Employee Relations

Employee retention is a nuisance with organizations especially in industries that are hugely competitive in nature. Though there are

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myriad factors that motivate an individual to stick to or leave an organization, but certainly few are under our control.

Employee relations include Labor Law and Relations, Working Environment, Employee health and safety, Employee- Employee conflict management, Employee- Employee Conflict Management, Quality of Work Life, Workers Compensation, Employee Wellness and assistance programs, Counseling for occupational stress. All these are critical to employee retention apart from the money which is only a hygiene factor.

All processes are integral to the survival and success of HR strategies and no single process can work in isolation; there has to be a high level of conformity and cohesiveness between the same.

3.2 STEPS IN HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING PROCESS

3.2.1 Analyzing Organizational Objectives

The objective to be achieved in future in various fields such as

production, marketing, finance, expansion and sales gives the idea

about the work to be done in the organization.

3.2.2 Inventory of Present Human Resources

From the updated human resource information storage system, the

current number of employees, their capacity, performance and

potential can be analyzed. To fill the various job requirements, the

internal sources (i.e., employees from within the organization) and

external sources (i.e., candidates from various placement agencies)

can be estimated.

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3.2.3 Forecasting Demand and Supply of Human Resource

The human resources required at different positions according to

their job profile are to be estimated. The available internal and

external sources to fulfill those requirements are also measured.

There should be proper matching of job description and job

specification of one particular work, and the profile of the person

should be suitable to it.

3.2.4 Estimating Manpower Gaps

Comparison of human resource demand and human resource supply

will provide with the surplus or deficit of human resource. Deficit

represents the number of people to be employed, whereas surplus

represents termination. Extensive use of proper training and

development programme can be done to upgrade the skills of

employees.

3.2.5 Formulating the Human Resource Action Plan

The human resource plan depends on whether there is deficit or

surplus in the organization. Accordingly, the plan may be finalized

either for new recruitment, training, interdepartmental transfer in

case of deficit of termination, or voluntary retirement schemes and

redeployment in case of surplus.

3.2.6 Monitoring, Control and Feedback

It mainly involves implementation of the human resource action

plan. Human resources are allocated according to the requirements,

and inventories are updated over a period. The plan is monitored

strictly to identify the deficiencies and remove it. Comparison

between the human resource plan and its actual implementation is

done to ensure the appropriate action and the availability of the

required number of employees for various jobs.

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CHAPTER 4 – CONCLUSION

Determining what should be considered new advertising is

problematic because today’s advertising phenomena parallel

existing and established precedents. It is necessary to look at

underlying forces behind advertising creation and consumption. In

the traditional media environment, consumers and advertisers had

conflicting interests. These underlying tensions take form and are

manifested by the technological innovations. Technology enables

both advertisers and consumers to achieve their respective goals.

Advertisers began to shift strategies from mass advertising to

catering to consumer desires. This fundamental shift to advertising

serving as entertainment through digital media technologies is

characterized as advertainment. The nature and characteristics of

advertainment contribute to various effects on society.

Amateur forms of advertising, including consumer-generated

advertising and fan culture, are forms of advertainment that have

consequences for both consumers and producers. It appears as if

consumers are becoming more creative, but this is not the case.

Instead, market and technological forces facilitate this creation by

providing cheap and easy-to-use platforms to create and host

content. Furthermore, these forces are causing consumers to

become more extrinsically motivated to create content. Companies

are constrained by the forces of social norms, technology, and

market. One consequence for companies is that they are more

dependent on the consumer because consumers trust professional

advertisements less than word of mouth advertising, so they need to

explore alternate forms of advertising to connect with consumer’s

social norms. In addition, consumer-generated advertising and fan

culture provide cheap labor, meaningful viewing, and free publicity

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for companies, further increasing advertiser dependence on

consumers.

The business model for advertising is shifting from a mass marketing strategy to a market segmentation strategy in which consumers are broken down into segments with similar demographics. This results in advertainment ads that are more relevant and enjoyable to their targets. Advertisers are able to familiarize themselves with these consumer segments and their preferences due to new technological affordances such as click stream monitoring, polls, surveys, etc. Further, other technological advancements, such as the two way interface of the internet and the lack of supply constraints online, allow advertisers to rely on a pull strategy of marketing in which customers actively search for ads that interest them. Blogs, videos, etc. allow consumers to create hype about what they like or do not like. This feedback mechanism also informs advertisers of what tactics consumers favorably embraced. This feedback process is furthered in that it has become a social norm for consumers to be vocal about their preferences online. Since such user comments not only to alert advertisers to their opinions of advertainment, but also alerts other potential customers, advertisers have even more incentive to please consumers. Since consumers are unable to escape advertising, they have embraced it on their own terms: they have demanded the power to dictate what they want to see in ads (i.e. advertainment).

The overarching change resulting from the pull model and advertainment is that ads are no longer merely about the product they are advertising, rather, they become about the consumers themselves, focusing on their satisfaction. This may have an effect on products in that if a company has to spend less time promoting the actual products (i.e. they are free from the constraint of keeping ads product-related), they can devote more time to

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developing their products, ultimately increasing consumer satisfaction.

We aimed to analyze the impact of new forms of advertising on

current society. We determined that technology is causing an arms

race between consumers and advertisers. Furthermore, we

determined that amateur-generated advertising and fan culture

provides opportunities to change creative motivations, which leads

to an increasing dependence on the consumer to create content for

the advertiser. Lastly, we determined that technology caused

consumers to have more power to dictate what ads they wanted to

see, thus forcing advertisers to change their advertising strategies

and business models.

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CHAPTER 5 – BIBLOGRAPHY

Journals:

International Journal of Research in Marketing and advertising

Other Sources

http://www.marketing- intelligence.co.uk/help/Tips/tip00q1.htm

http://www.royaloutdooradv.com/page4.php?view=thumbnailList&category=10&image=43

http://www.walnut.ae/

http://engworldwide.com/

http://advertising.about.com/od/advertisingprojects/a/Differ

ent-Types-Of-Advertising-Methods.htm

http://accountlearning.blogspot.ae/2013/01/human-resource-planning-process-or.html

https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/77408