Chapter 4 Section 1; The French and Indian War

Emerging Tensions between the British and the ColonistsI. Emerging Tensions between British and Colonists II. The French and Indian WarWestern Expansion

Mid-1700s colonial population increases (almost doubles in 25 years)Better birth rateRising immigration New England gets overcrowdedPeople migrate west

Native American and French ReactionNative Americans were being forced father and farther westTribes fought with other tribesHatred grew towards the settlers

The French disliked the intrusion of the settlers Strengthened forts on Ohio river and in Detroit Prepared for war

The French and Indian War

Causes of the WarA. Rivalry between Britain and France 1. Fighting for land in North America2. Different ideas on colonization in the New WorldB. The Seven Years War Britain and France were already fighting, this was just another battlefield!

II. Fighting the WarA. The Albany Plan of Union (united colonies for defense UNDER BRITISH RULE! rejected)B. British and Americans use militia forcesC. French use Indian fighting

III. The War EndsA. British overwhelm the French and take all their land west of the Appalachians B. British siege and conquer Quebec C. Treaty of Paris (1763)1. British get Canada and everything but New Orleans 2. British give Cuba to Spain in exchange for Florida

IV. The War effects the colonists attitude toward Britain

A. Disappointment in British military powerB. Colonists felt disrespected by the British

Part 2; Issues Behind the Revolution

11I. Changing British policiesA. Pontiacs Rebellion leads to the Proclamation of 17631. No settlements west of the Appalachians2. Attempt to end conflicts with the Native Americans

B. Britains financial problems lead to new taxes

1. Sugar Act (1764)2. Quartering Act (1765)3. Stamp Act (1765)4. Declaratory Act (1766)

II. The Boston Massacre (1770)A. British send troops to silence protestsB. Main British opposition is in BostonC. British troops open fire on a crowd, five colonists die (Crispus Attucks first to die)D. John Adams defends the British soldiers in court and wins

III. The Tea Act (1773)A. Save the British East India Company from bankruptcy B. Boston Tea Party1. Ships loaded with tea not allowed to land 2. Colonists dressed like Indians dumped $10,000 worth of tea into Boston Harbor

IV. Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) of 1774A. Took away power from colonial legislaturesB. Granted part of colonial lands to Canada

C. First Continental CongressDelegates from every colony except GeorgiaRenewed boycotts on British goodsColonies were requested to form militiasDelegates appeal to the king attempting to settle problem

Section 3; Ideas Behind the Revolution

I. Ideas make a RevolutionA. John Locke1. Social Contract2. People have a right to life, freedom, and property3. People can overthrow a government when it becomes a threat to the peoples natural rights

B. Thomas Paine1. Common Sense C. The Enlightenment

II. The Second Continental CongressConvened in May 1775

B. Battles between those wanting Independence and those who do not

Wanting: Samuel Adams, John Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee, etc. Not wanting: John Dickinson (Olive Branch Petition)

III. Drafting a Declaration of IndependenceCommittee: John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson

B. Thomas Jefferson drafts the Declaration primarily on his own

C. Jefferson gets many of his ideas from George Masons Virginia Declaration of Rights

IV. The Declaration of Independence (4 parts)A. Preamble1. An Introduction2. Explains the purpose

B. Declaration of Rights

1. Based on Lockes ideas2. Men have natural rights3. Social Contract

C. List of Complaints1. King George had violated the colonists rights2. Government was based on law, not on the kings desires

D. Resolution1. What the colonies wanted2. These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States . . .

V. The Declaration is Adopted on July 4, 1776

Fighting for IndependenceI. Fighting BeginsLexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)1. The British try to seize the colonists weapons stockpile2. Paul Reveres ride3. Patrick Henrys speech, Give me liberty or . . .

B. Ethan Allen and Ft. TiconderogaC. The Battle of Bunker Hill1. The British attack Patriot strong positions 2. The Patriots are defeated despite heavy British losses (Pyrric victory)

II. George Washington takes control He transforms the Patriot militia into the Colonial ArmyWashington chases the British out of Boston

C. Citizens take sides1. One-third join the Patriots2. One-third stay loyal to the British (Loyalist or Tories)3. One-third attempt to remain neutral

III. Strengths and Weaknesses

A. British Strengths1. Well-equipped, well-organized army2. Best navy in the world3. More allies (slaves, Native Americans, mercenaries, etc.)

B. British Weaknesses1. Unpopular war at home2. Fighting in hostile territory

C. American Strengths1. Home field advantage2. Defensive war3. Fighting tactics learned in the French and Indian War4. George Washington

D. American Weaknesses1. Creating an army from scratch2. Army of volunteers

IV. The War ContinuesA. The British drive the Americans out of New York (Washington and troops barely escape)B. American victories at Trenton and PrincetonC. The British capture Philadelphia

D. An American victory at Saratoga is the turning point of the warE. European allies finally join the American cause (France, Spain, Netherlands, etc.)1. Frances Marquis de Lafayette and Johann de Kalb help lead American forces2. German general Baron Friedrich von Steuben helps train American troops

V. Who will win the war???

Winning IndependenceAmericans Endure HardshipsValley Forge harsh winter; lack of food/supplies; over 1/3 of soldiers had no coat or shoesFinancing the war no moneyBritish blockade makes life hard for civilians tooProfiteering colonists selling rare items at very high price!!

Victories in the West and SouthAmericans capture British forts in Indiana and Illinois (against mainly Native Americans)Yorktown, VirginiaWashington and Lafayette join forces in a siege of YorktownFrench navy drive off the British navy and blockade the BritishGeneral Cornwallis surrenders to Washington

The Treaty of ParisTreaty was signed four years after the end of fightingTreaty provided six provisions:Independence of the United StatesNorthern border of the U.S. was established (Canada)Mississippi River was western border Florida was returned to Spain (remember, it was gained during F&I war)Britain would withdraw its troopsBritish loyalists would not be persecuted (yeah right)