Emerging satellite sources

Geneva, February 3rd 2011

David Hello – ASTRIUM Geoinformation Services | Spot Image

IPCC – GEOSS workshop

SESSION 5: EXTREME EVENTS AND DISASTERS

27/09/2010 - 2

Introduction and rationale

Workshop motto « provide guidance on how GEOSS can improve the delivery of multi-disciplinary data and data products to the climate impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability research community »

I’m not a scientist … sorry. Point of view of someone involved in emergency operations.

EO can support all phases of the disasters management and some mechanisms already exist at International or Regional level to foster and ease the use of EO data for Disaster Management

The focus has been so far given on EO contribution to « emergency response » (so called Rapid Mapping) but …

From the users’ perspective, EO-based analysis may be even more relevant for pre and post crisis phases:

assessment of socio-economic vulnerabilities assessment of socio-economic impacts in the long term

What future satellite should bring in addition to what exist today ?

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Table of content Introduction and reminder of Earth Observation

contribution to Disaster Management The current landscape

What are users’ requirements ? What are the current data sources ? What are the EO-based

International mechanisms to support Disaster Management ? Do EO-based services fulfil users’ requirements ?

The near and the far future What are Earth Observation satellites key features ? How can

they evolve ? What the next generation of EO satellites should bring ?

Conclusions

EO for Disaster Management

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Contribution of EO to disaster management

Structural parameters- DEM- Vegetal cover- Soil coverVulnerability mapping• Population• Infrastructures•…

Dynamic parameters• Vegetation wetness

Global monitoring

Rapid Mapping• Disaster mapping• Rapid damage assessment

Detailed damage assessment- Socio-economic impact- Environmental impact

Global assessments- e.g. Burn Scar Mapping

POST DISASTERCRISISPREVENTION / PREPARDNESS

User databasesInput to risk analysis models Input to forecasting

modelsInformation supportto rescue operations Impact assessments

Experience feedback

Still some Research & Development work to do in particular regarding alert systems, vulnerability assessment etc.

The current landscape

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Summary of users(*) requirements/feedback« Glocal » = Detailed views , everywhere, without notice and… free of charge!

On-demand rush mode Reactive delivery

Reference maps : 6 hours Damage maps : 24 hours (or less !) with daily updates

On-demand “background” production Preparedness and prevention Post-disaster assessment

Mainly information products, sometimes imagery For decision-making at headquarters For support to operations (in-field)

Qualified performance and commitment on delivery

Early warning and alert

Dynamic situation monitoring updated on a daily basis or higher

Integration in GIS environment

(*) Civil Protection authorities + Humanitarian Aid actors e.g. UN bodies

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The International Charter Space and Major Disasters

Funded in 1999 by CNES and ESAFunded in 1999 by CNES and ESAJoint by:Joint by:

ASC (Canada)ASC (Canada)NOAA (USA)NOAA (USA)ISRO (Inde)ISRO (Inde)

CONAE (Argentine)CONAE (Argentine)JAXA (Japon)JAXA (Japon)

USGS (US)USGS (US)BNSC/DMCii (UK)BNSC/DMCii (UK)

CNSA (China)CNSA (China)

The International Charter is agreement (on a best effort basis) between international space agencies to supply emergency organizations, with a timely, free and coordinated access to EO data in case of major disaster

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Other emergency support mechanisms Sentinel Asia

Sentinel Asia is a voluntary basis initiative led by the APRSAF (Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum) to support disaster management activity in the Asia-Pacific region by applying the WEB-GIS technology and space based technology, such as earth observation satellites data.

UNSPIDER – SpaceAidSpaceAid is UN-SPIDER’s

framework to facilitate fast and efficient access to space-based information for countries, international and regional organizations. This includes all types of information provided by earth observation satellites, communication satellites and global navigation satellite systems.

SERVIREnabling the use of earth

observations and models for timely decision making to benefit society

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SAFER project co-funded by the European Commission (FP7 program) – Coordinated by Astrium Services | GEO

SAFER is preparing the future European Emergency Response Service (to be fully funded by EC from 2012 onwards)

SAFER and the GMES Emergency Response Service

SAFER Focal Point on call duty 24/7

Rapid Mapping Service Providers on call duty 24/7

EO coordinated data access 24/7 (through ESA)

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Emergency Service – Geographic Location (2010)

Activation per country (Outside Europe)

0

1

2

3

4

5

Pakist

anHaiti

Bangla

desh

Burkin

a Fas

oChina

Indo

nesia

Israel

Moz

ambiq

ueNig

er

Seneg

al

Sri La

nka

5 4 3

2 1 Geographic Location - Year 2 (50 triggering)

Europe70%

Outside Europe30%

Activation per country (Europe)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Franc

eIta

ly

Germ

any

Poland

Albania

Bulgar

ia

Croat

ia

Hungar

y

Romania

Czech

Rep

ublic

Englan

d

Icela

nd

Irelan

d

Mold

avia

Portu

gal

Serbia

Slovenia

Spain

Turke

y

27/09/2010 - 12

Pakistan Flood (August, 2010) GERS#48 #52 #54

WFP

ICRC

ICRC

GERS#048

GERS#052

GERS#054 WFP

WFP

1

2

34

5

6

7

8

9

10

Products Samples (GERS054)

Flood Extent evolution between August 24th and August 27th – Sindh Province, Shahdadkot city.

Details of Affected Villages – Damaged network infrastructure

Product delivered 8 hours after EO data acquisition (August, 27th)

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Natural Hazards:

Callout Key:

Tsunami

Earthquake

Storm Surge

Floods

Volcanic Eruption

Preparedness and Recovery mappingExample in East AsiaEast Asia

Preparedness: Geographic Reference Maps

Recovery: Situation Maps

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Geographic reference map / Dam failure impact

Detailed reference map over Abidjan (Ivory Coast)User = WHO

Modelisation of the impact of a natural dam failure

following a landslide (Hunza river, Pakistan, March 2010)

Crucial need for in-situ / ancillary data to complement EO data !

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Current limitations and required improvements(lesson learnt after 2 years of operations)

Response time for Emergency Response (target: 24h) current performance to be improved

Main delays in image acquisition (see next slide) Tasking and data acquisition still to be improved Product delivery, incl. to in-field operatives

Commitment on delivery No guarantee on delivery or timing.

Delivery mainly to the headquarters. Increasing demand of the in-field operatives and for integration in GIS tools.

Revisit and situation monitoring in case of long duration events.

Increasing demand for pre and post disaster analysis E.g. for complex vulnerability analysis (Xynthia storm in France in 2010)

Increasing demand for high and very high resolution images and products

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Responsiveness of Earth Observation systems

Event

Early warning

signals oranticipati

on

Activationdecision by

user

Activationof the operational

chain

Satellitetasking

First good imageavailable

Informationproduct available

Product distributionto users (Headquarters

and in-field units)

Uplink Downlink

The future …

27/09/2010 - 18

The near future …

Provisional launch table of Earth Observation satellites

27/09/2010 - 19

Key features of Earth Observation satellitesthat can be adapted/improved

Orbits

Resolution andcoverage

Spectral bands

Reactivity andavailability

Revisit frequency

Acquisition time

Night acquisition

All-weather acquisition

3D

Specification ofgeoinformation products (accuracy, etc.)

ACCURACY

REACTIVITY / RESPONSIVENESS

AVAILABILITY

ACCURACY

REACTIVITY / RESPONSIVENESS

AVAILABILITY

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Improvement of revisit on new VHR satellites

CMG (= Control Momentum Gyroscope) to reorient the satellite and increase the field of regard

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23:00 UT23:00 UT

KerguelenKerguelen

KirunaKiruna

ToulouseToulouse

6:00 UT6:00 UT 13:40 UT13:40 UT13:40 UT13:40 UT

Multiple tasking plans per day(e.g. 3 for Pléiades, 6 for Spot 6 &7)

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Monopass collection scenarios

Typically 15 targets

over 1,000 km within a

+/-30 deg corridor for

Pléiades, 600 km-long strips with

Spot 6 & 7

Typically 15 targets

over 1,000 km within a

+/-30 deg corridor for

Pléiades, 600 km-long strips with

Spot 6 & 7

Up to 1 sq. deg. with Pléiades,

120 x 120

or 60 x 180 km with

Spot 6 & 7

Up to 1 sq. deg. with Pléiades,

120 x 120

or 60 x 180 km with

Spot 6 & 7

In a single pass, up to

6,000 sq.km pairs

2,000 sq.km triplets

with Pléiades

In a single pass, up to

6,000 sq.km pairs

2,000 sq.km triplets

with Pléiades

To follow

linear targetssuch as coasts, borders,

roads, pipelines, rivers

(Pléiades only)

To follow

linear targetssuch as coasts, borders,

roads, pipelines, rivers

(Pléiades only)

27/09/2010 - 23

GMES dedicated missions

27/09/2010 - 24

The far future …Geostationary EO satellite

Enhanced availability The GEO satellite observes only over the areas of interest GEO located instruments can use any transient opportunity provided

by clouds absence

Short revisit times

Continuous data downlink

ESA has recently performed three studies on optical EO from GEO: Low to medium resolution observation in “Alternative GMES architecture”.

Resolution 500 m. Medium to high resolution observation in “GeoOculus”. Resolution 20 m over

Europe. Very high resolution observation in “Towards 1-m from GEO”. Resolution 4 m

over Europe

BUT … HR from GEO has well known disadvantages e.g. degraded resolution and radiometry, distortion as the line of observation moves away from Nadir etc.

Conlusions

27/09/2010 - 26

Conclusions

On the Space component side The continuity of EO missions needs off course to

be insured in order to fulfill users’ requirements on a sustainable way (current trend = increase number of disasters + increased severity )

The development of new missions/sensors to better fit with users’ expectations worldwide is a key success factor

On the application side The future GMES Emergency Response Service

(as well as other GMES services e.g. land, ocean, climate, security, atmosphere) is a good candidate to contribute to map climate impacts as well as socio-economic vulnerabilities based on EO analysis

GMES products are deamed to be fully and freely accessible for scientific work !

Don’t forget in-situ data ! Census data, socio-economic statistics Some GMES initiatives in progress (e.g.

GISC/EEA)

27/09/2010 - 27

Contact

David HELLOHead of Risk and Crisis management department

+33 5 62 19 63 48 +33 6 70 82 51 40

david.hello@spotimage.fr

www.emergencyresponse.eu

Annexes

27/09/2010 - 29

High resolution optical satellites

27/09/2010 - 30

High resolution optical satellites

27/09/2010 - 31

High resolution SAR satellites