Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) of Poultry in ... · For this assessment Emergency...

Poultry-EMMA-Ethiopia [2013]

1 | P a g e

Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) of Poultry in Pastoralists and Agro-pastoralist Areas of

Ethiopia

June 2013

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia


2 | P a g e

Table of Contents

1. Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Context ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................... 5

4. Selected market systems ................................................................................................................................ 6

5. Market-system maps ........................................................................................................................................ 7

6. Key findings – results of the market analyses .................................................................................................. 9

7. Main recommendations and conclusions ........................................................................................................ 14

8. Annexes .........................................................................................................................................................16


3 | P a g e

ACRONYMS

ACPA Aged and Children Pastoralist Association

BOA Bureau of Agriculture

CAHWs Community Animal Health Workers

EMMA Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis

FAO Food and Agriculture Association

FTC Farmers training Center

GoE Government of Ethiopia

HH Household

LCRDO Livestock, Crop and Rural Development Office

MFI Micro Finance Institutions

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

OMFI Oromia Micro Finance Institution

PPP Public- Private- Partnership

PRIME Pastoralist Areas Resilience Improvement through Market Expansion

PVP Private Veterinary Pharmacy

SME Small and Micro Enterprises

SoRPARI Somali Region Pastoralist Areas Research Institute

TVET Technical and Vocational Educational Training


4 | P a g e

1. Executive summary

Rapid Poultry market mapping and analysis was conducted in Eastern and Southern Cluster of pastoralist areas

of Ethiopia. These areas include Jijiga, Dire Dawa, Harar, Haramaya woreda, Borena Zone (Yabello) and Debre

Zeit which was identified because these areas are centers for poultry market system in assessment area. For

this assessment Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) tool was used to collect and analyze data on

the market system of poultry. The overall assessment was made only at Enterprise level along the value chain

and business enablers of poultry market system. Target informants of this assessment were from small scale to

big commercial farms (public and private) owners and managers, retailers, collectors, input suppliers, GoE

pastoralist areas development offices’ representatives, pastoral research center and TVET. Key informant

interviews using semi structured questioners and observation on poultry farm and market place were employed

to collect data. . In this assessment a total of 29 informants interviewed and observation were made at 3 market

places and 3 restaurants which are consuming large number of chickens and eggs on daily basis.

Accordingly, the finding of this assessment reviled that poultry subsector in pastoralist area is at crippling stage

and neglected instructionally. There are only handfuls of private sector poultry farms in both clusters. Though

there is a growing demand for poultry products, existing micro, small and medium farms and production from

pastoral areas are far from meeting the market demand. In both clusters of urban area demand is satisfied by

eggs and chickens collected and supplied from mid and highland part of the country. Regional private farms are

keeping from 100-5000 birds per farm and HHs keep less than 10 birds. There are 2 farms in Harar and Dire

dawa who have hatcheries and supply hatchling to nearby markets. In both clusters there is no other breeding

center and the supply of day-old and 3-month-old chicken is heavily dependent on big commercial farms in

Debre Zeit. Especially three commercial farms (Genesis, Alema and Almaz) are the key supplier of breeds and

poultry feed.

Generally, this subsector is faced by many challenges and there are also promising opportunities as well to

expand poultry as commercial and backyard in the pastoralist areas. The main challenges mentioned by

majority of the respondents during assessment were shortage of feed, parent stock or improved breed, poultry

disease, lack of poultry veterinary service and drugs, lack of attention by institutions and lack of infrastructures

are the critical one. There are also few opportunities like increase awareness about poultry (for nutrition and

additional income) by pastoralists and agro-pastoralist community and emergence of commercial farms who

can be input suppliers in the future are among the few mentioned by respondents.

Therefore, there is a need for intervention designed for improving backyard and commercial poultry market

system in pastoralist areas through integrated effort of public and private sector cooperation. Support the

establishing of breeding centers and leveraging on regional private commercial farm to improve the input

supply and market information of poultry production will be imperative.


5 | P a g e

2. Context

Poultry1 production, consumption and marketing in pastoralist areas of Ethiopia is least developed. In

relative terms in Agro-pastoralist areas the trend of poultry keeping is improving in recent time. Pastoralists

due their major livelihoods dependency in livestock production particularly large animals like camel, cattle

and shoats makes poultry least preferred animal. Apart from this their natural living pattern which involves

high mobility and traditional taboo to keep chickens and consume its meat are among the factors that

makes the sector to be ignored in the pastoralist community. Even in Agro pastoralists’ community who are

sedentary still consider poultry as marginal asset compared to other livestock they are keeping. Majority of

these households (HH) have 5-10 birds per HH and keep them in extensive system i.e. in the backyard by

which chickens scavenge to feed themselves. In these areas women and children are involved and

responsible to poultry keeping and marketing.

Poultry is getting attention neither in Easter nor Southern Cluster Pastoralist areas respective livestock and

Agricultural Development Bureau and Research Institutions. They all are focused in large animal research

and development. Nonetheless, as in recent times while the perception and trend has been changing about

the benefit of poultry for nutrition and additional incomes to within agro pastoralists household, these

institutions started incorporating poultry production in their development agenda. Development

practitioners as well have done very little in these areas on poultry.

Commercial poultry farms (public and private) in Eastern and Southern Clusters particularly in towns and

cities slightly emerging as micro, small and medium scale producers. These farms were set up by individual

entrepreneurs and youth groups. The capacity of these farms range from keeping 100 to 5000 chickens per

farms. These farms mainly sell eggs (80-2000 egg/day) and live birds. Input for poultry production both for

HH and commercial farms relied from the central market which is Debre Diet. The major inputs commercial

farms are buying include day-old or three-month- old chick, feed and vaccine.

Despite the demand for chicken and chicken products remained high in towns and cities, supply by HH and

commercial level production from pastoral and highland areas is barely cover the demand. In general

poultry production in pastoralist areas at household and commercial level is constrained by disease,

shortage of breeding/ parent stock, shortage of feed, lack of veterinary service and absence of well-

designed extension system and service.

3. Methodology The assessment was carried out to rapidly analyze the market system of poultry subsector in pastoralist

areas of Ethiopia. For this assessment Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) tool was used to

collect and analyze data on the market system of poultry. The assessment was conducted at pre identified

areas of pastoralists and agro pastoralist in the Eastern and Southern Cluster and central markets of poultry.

These areas include Jijiga, Dire Dawa, Harar, Haramaya woreda, Borena Zone (Yabello) and Debre Zeit. The

assessment was done by Team of seven development professionals with business, agriculture and veterinary

background from Mercy Corps Ethiopia and Aged and Children Pastoralists Association (ACPA), Ethiopian

Resident Charity. The entire assessment took two weeks to complete which is from 05-20, June, 2013.

1 Poultry in this context is defined as production of local and exotic breed chickens both as extensive and intensive system for

consumption and market.


6 | P a g e

The overall assessment was made only at Enterprise level along the value chain and business enablers of

poultry market system. Target informants of this assessment were small scale and big commercial farms

(public and private) owners and managers, retailers, collectors, input suppliers, GoE pastoralist areas

development offices’ representatives, pastoral research center and TVET.

The instrument used to gather data were semi-structured interviews and discussion with informants. In all

assessment areas, interview with actors in the value chain, key informant and observation on farms and

open space poultry markets were made. In addition secondary resources2 we reviewed to triangulate date

gathered versus available information in this regard. Accordingly, the team has divided in to two groups

and started to collect the information mainly through discussions and interviews. Respondents include key

actors in private and public poultry farms, government officials in regional and zonal agricultural livestock

offices, researcher from Haramaya University, SoRPARI and Yabello research Centers, National Veterinary

Institute, cooperative union, retailers and collectors in open markets. . In this assessment 29 informants

interviewed and observations were made at 3 market places and 3 restaurants which are consuming large

number of chickens and eggs on daily basis.

The team members have captured the information and responses from the informants on notepad and

summarized the key points, thoughts and ideas shared at each interviews as a report. At the end of each

day, the team debriefs for a short time on the findings and observations made and discussed critical issues

on each finding.

The collected data from individual business owners and government staffs at different levels was mainly

qualitative in nature. On the hand, some business owners were reluctant to give their business profile by

fear of government taxation, while other commercial farms refused their poultry production site to be

visited due to fear of disease transmission. However, to maintain the quality of the collected data the

assessment team used different techniques to obtain relevant data especially on capacity, volume of sale

and price of products of the enterprises.

4. Selected market systems

As PRIME is a pastoralist areas development project, among pastoralist areas Eastern and Southern Cluster

poultry market system are purposively selected. Because presumably in these areas poultry production as

backyard and commercial level is developing and can be of future potential to diversify livelihoods options

and improve nutrition component of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. Poultry EMMA was conducted to

see how the market system function, to identify critical bottlenecks and opportunities thereby to propose

possible solutions through PRIME project interventions.

In this assessment public and private commercial enterprise, youth groups, women who are engaged in

poultry business was targeted and visited. By so doing, it was able to see the market function and linkage

among these actors and gaps in the market system.

2 http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/esspwp26.pdf

http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/esspwp26.pdf


7 | P a g e

5. Market-system Maps

The market system of poultry in pastoralist an agro- pastoralist areas as depicted below is marred by many

constraints and disruptions. There are many critical issues in the market system resulted due to less

consideration of the subsector by respective regional pastoralist area development offices and research

institutes. They key cause to market disruptions are commercial farms business model is mainly depends on

markets from NGO and GoE. On the other hand Parent stock importing, disease, and poultry feed shortage

are key factors to create market disruption along the year.

The typical feature of poultry market system in pastoralists’ areas is marked with high demand and huge

deficit in supply. Most of supply of egg and live bird to satisfy demand in pastoralist area (towns and Cites) is

coming from the midland and highland part of the country. The major actors in this market system are

commercial farms at different scale, pastoralists and mainly agro-agro pastoralist’s producers at backyard,

wholesalers, retailers, collecters and end users like institutional buyers, cafeterias, restaurants and urban

dwellers.


8 | P a g e

Big Commercial farms: These farms are located at central level and have the capacity of 40,000+

chicken/farm/year .They are functioning in the market system as supplier of parent stock (day-old and 3-

month-old), eggs, live-birds for meat and feed for other small commercial farms. The majority of these

commercial farms like Alema, Genesis and Almaz based in Debre Zeit. In the assessed area there are two

public farms at Haramaya Wereda i.e. Adele poultry farm and poultry farm in Haramaya University. Their main

function of these farms is to supply egg, live bird for meat and 3 month old chick to backyard and private

producers. In addition Haramaya University satisfies its demand for its canteen from own farm production.

Wholesalers/retailers: there are wholesalers and retailers (sometimes big farms are acting as wholesalers and

retailers) to sell parent stocks to individuals who want to open poultry farms and also supply eggs and live birds

to the market.

Regional Micro small and medium scale commercial farms: There are only handfuls of regional private and

public commercial farms. The private commercial farms at regional level are owned by either by individual

owner or groups organized as SME. These farms have a capacity of 100-5000 birds/farm and collect 80-2000

eggs/day. However among these actors there are farms that are shutdown or shifted to other business due to

mainly disease, lack feed and shortage of parent stock to restock after loss. In addition two commercial

producers in Dire Dawa and Harar that have hatchery 0f a capacity from 700-9000 eggs hatching at a time

respectively to supply day old or 3-month-old chick to others.

Poultry producers at Backyard: In this market system map backyard poultry producers are referred as

pastoralists and agro pastoralist who are keeping less than 10 birds in extensive system. The main purpose

that they are keeping poultry is for market and very less for consumption due to taboos of consuming poultry

products in pastoralist community.

Collectors: There several collectors in all town and cities markets of assessment areas that are operating in the

open market. However, most of the quantity supplied eggs and live birds in pastoralists and agro-pastoralist

market are from mid and highland part of the country and off course some portion from pastoralist and agro

pastoralist areas. These collectors go and collect from producing community’s local markets on specific

market days and transport and sell it either in open market or sell to their regular customers like retailers or

restaurants and cafeterias in towns and cities.

Retailers: Retailers at local level supply egg and live birds to local residents in town and cities of the

assessment areas. They are buying from collectors and commercial farms to sell it for consumers which

include institutions like Jijiga University.

NGO and BOA: Government and Different NGOs like FAO, CARE, and World Vision etc. are buying and

distributing chickens for producers. These, a one or two times distribution for free or by subsidy hugely

affected the extension system and market itself due lack of sustainability component in its approaches.


9 | P a g e

6. Key findings – results of the market analyses In general, the poultry production and its development is a neglected subsector in both Eastern and

Southern clusters of pastoralist areas. There is high demand of poultry products in the country from

individual to institutional consumers.

Poultry Production in Eastern Cluster:

The production of poultry in eastern cluster pastoralist community is less practiced in general and low

production due to diseases, predators, lack poultry health care, poor feeding and poor marketing

information. In these areas, women are responsible in managing, feeding and selling chicken and eggs as a

means to get additional income to buy household consumption goods. Also it covers school fees and

generates cash for grain milling services. Pastoralists in this area are not consuming eggs and chicken meat

for themselves due to traditional beliefs.

The consumption of poultry product like chicken and eggs are becoming increasingly important in the urban

areas of the study sites. However, the available supply of these products is still limited to satisfy the existing

market demand. For instance, in Somali region about four universities in are buying eggs from Harar but

supply is very low with higher price(one egg costs 3.00 ETB) because poultry farms that exist jijiga’s adjacent

cities like Harar and Dire Dawa are not satisfying their own demand let alone to meet others’. In addition to

this, district chicken producers, consumers, collectors and local restaurants/hotels are the main actors

involved in chicken and egg value chain. Private commercial poultry farms also play fair role in production

and distribution eggs and chickens in the market chain.

Institutional Support for Poultry Subsector in the Region:

Both Somali and Harari Regions Livestock Agencies’ key informants acknowledge that poultry is a neglected

subsector. According to Somali region Livestock, Crop and Rural Development Deputy Bureau Head, the

office has been tried poultry and technology transfer at FTC with Haramaya university by demonstrating

poultry production in cage system, but due to lack of layers and brooders stocks supply the efforts did not

continued. The lack of regional breeding center hinders private commercial farms to be limped and those

who have started the business due to shortage of parent stocks, lack vet service, inadequate experience by

business owners and shortage of poultry feed forced to shut down the farm.

However, in Harari Region there is a state owned farm which was supplying 3-month-old chicken to farming

community in the region. Now it is under reconstruction to make it regional breeding center. When it is

completed probable by next year it can serve as source of parent stock for both commercial and backyard

producers. But still regulatory framework of poultry production by a private firm is weak and as a result

poor quality of parent stock and three-month-old chicken is distributed to communities.

Business model of commercial farms:

The finding of this assessment reviled that the business model of all private farms contacted is relied mostly

on NGO and GoE orders and selling for customers who only came to their farm. Otherwise, they have no

outreach system to address the demand in pastoralists and agro-pastoralists community. Those who want

to engage in poultry production either obtain through NGO/GoE extension or travel all the way to these


10 | P a g e

commercial farms to buy 3month-old chicken and feed. This is creating high transaction cost on producers

and has an impact to discourage new entrants in the business.

Table 1: Distribution and capacity of Small and Medium commercial Poultry farms in Eastern clusters

covered by the assessment

Types and Source of Breed of Parent Stock:

In Eastern Cluster Communities are using local breeds and few of them exotic breed distributed at a point in

time by BOA or NGO from Debre Zeit commercial framers. Regional poultry farms are buying exotic parent

breed from Debre Zeit as well. Types of breeds they have are White leg horn, Feyumi and Bovan breeds.

Most of them out source these breed from Debre Zeit farms which the fertilized egg was imported from

Egypt, Holland and other countries. One commercial farm in Harar now imported fertilized eggs from

Holland for hatchery and selling day-old hatchlings to other farms, NGOs and BOA.

Poultry Feed:

Feed is the major input in poultry production system. During this assessment it was learned that private

commercial farms use formulated feed either buying from Debre Zeit or formulating feed on their farm by

mixing with local available cereals, pulses, university canteen leftovers and carcass from abattoirs in order to

reduce the cost of input. On the other hand, district chicken producers face shortage of feed both in quality

and quantity due to lack of capital, shortage of labour and lack of technical skill on how to mix concentrates.

On the other hand pastoralists and agro pastoralists are not giving feed purposely for their poultry. Chickens

obtained their feed through scavenging cereals and cereal by-products, pulses and fruits from backyards.

3 Stocks includes both layers and male cocks for reproduction &meat

4 Owen =They formulate feed for their farm from local available inputs live food left over from restaurants, universities and

factors byproducts 5 Hamdile poultry farm owner is using hatchery and feed processing machine for his farm invented from recycled material by him.

Location Actors Capacity Feed source

Employment

Remark Hatchery/month

Eggs/day Stock3

Jijiga

Friends poultry Coop - - - - - There were 3 farmers now shutdown including this one

Harar Mulugeta and Sons Poultry Farm

9000 2000 5000 Owen 4 15 But has capacity of 75,000 at a time

Haramaya Adele Poultry farm & Haramaya university

Dire dawa Hamdail Poultry farm Abebit Poultry farm

700 -

300 400

500 500

Owen purchase

2 Innovator5

Now shifted to dairy


11 | P a g e

Poultry Veterinary Service:

Availability of veterinary service for poultry is rarely known in pastoralist community. According to Regional

Veterinary officer, even the GoE veterinary clinics didn’t provide this service and only focusing on large

animals. The main reason that results shutdown of poultry farms in the region is disease and unavailability of

veterinary service and vaccination. National Veterinary institute is the only public owned enterprise that

produces poultry vaccine. Annually it produces and sells 14.1million vaccines (four types)6 to commercial

farms all over the country and for BOA & NGO during poultry disease outbreaks. Since they are the

monopoly the needy come to them from all over the country.

All most all informants in the business said that poultry drug and vet service is hardly available. One of the

medium sized farm in Harar, get veterinary service and consultation from Veterinarian in Debre Zeit that

visits his farm every month. Hamdail farm in Dire Dawa has said, he only used vaccination at first time when

he brought the parent stock and since then he only feed his chickens nutritious feed with supplements like

vitamins and minerals to maintain their natural immunity.

6 Types of vaccine NVI produces and import are Newcastle, Gomboro, fowl pox, fowl typhoid and Marix (imported). New vaccine

is also under development

Lessons from Interviewing commercial farms in Eastern Cluster

Hamdail Poultry farm is the only small scale hatchery business that we found and interviewed in Dire Dawa. It is owned by two enthusiastic brothers who are self-made innovators that have learned poultry and dairy business from their grandparents. They Invented hatcher and feed processing machine from recycled materials. Their hatchery has incubation capacity of 700 eggs at a time. This farm is selling up to 30 day old hatchlings every week to customers from Dire Dawa and nearby areas. However, though they are successful at their scale now they still have no market information about the demand of exotic breed in rural community and their growth model is only limited to nearby markets. So, PRIME can leverage on this firm to expand its market to the intervention areas.

Mulugeta & Sons poultry Farm is also the only private owned farm in Harar that have imported hatchery machine and producing 9000 hatchlings at a time. He took credit from commercial bank to import hatchery machine that has incubation capacity of 75,000. The market for his day-old and 3-month-chicks are Harar, East and west Hararghe and sometimes goes up to Hawassa. These farms also supply on average up to 2000 eggs/day to markets in Harar Dire Dawa and Jijiga and live birds for meat especially during holyday seasons. He formulate poultry feed from food leftover from Haramaya University students canteen and by products from Harar Brewery and Hamaresa Oil factory. His business model is hugely dependent on orders from NGO like, FAO, world Vision and CARE. He has no outreach system to reach the producers community to supply his outputs. According to the owner, currently this farm is operating under capacity due to shortage of power, road and inadequate support from regional government. This farm also can be one of the leveraging points in PRIME to improve poultry production led by private sector in the Eastern cluster.

Generally from this assessment it was learned that in these areas poultry business is not a simple business as everyone think. It was witnessed many who started poultry businesses as small scale commercial purposes forced to close or shift to other subsector due to many constraints. Among the main reasons that forces these farms shutdown or shift are shortage of parent stock, disease, lack of poultry feed, lack of veterinary supply and inadequate experience to run poultry farm. The overarching lesson of this assessment in the Eastern cluster is that there are few successful farmers that can be learning figures and many unsuccessful which can be examples for others to learn the lesson. Based on these lessons PRIME can do its programing on how to strengthen the private firms that can be a source to required poultry inputs for PRIME targets sustainably.


12 | P a g e

Poultry Production in Southern Cluster:

In this EMMA Borena Zone, Yabello wereda was selected to represent the cluster and the assessment team

managed to interview key informants from Yabello research institute, Zonal Bureau of livestock Agency,

Yabello TVET and came across with two small scale commercial farms. According to the overall information

gathered, poultry production in the Southern Cluster is particularly in pastoralist and agro-pastoralist area is

least developed both at pastoralist and commercial level. One of commercial farm visited was completely

surrounded by problem and the other was better off but faced by shortage of parent stock to restock after

selling out old hens.

According to Key informant from Yabello Pastoralist Research Institute, they have done survey on poultry in

pastoralist area in collaboration with CRISP project. The finding reviled that trend of poultry production

among pastoralists is insignificant and increasing in agro-pastoralists areas as awareness of its benefit on

nutrition and source of income is improving. However, the demand for poultry products is increasing in

towns by household and restaurant consumers.

There are only few micro and small commercial farms in the area and they are facing same problems that are

faced by Eastern cluster counterparts. The zonal livestock development Agency representative said that

they have distributed 25,000 chickens for communities through their extension system but the distributed

stocks are almost didn’t exists due to disease, lack of feed and predators. The source of these chickens was

commercial farm from Debre Zeit and their no regional breeding center for pastoralist areas which can be

source in the future. The key informant from this office said that distribution of 25,000 chickens every year is

in their strategic plan. Under Borana zone there are 10 pastoralists and 3 agro-pastoralist wereda by which

all targeted for poultry production but due to the limited capacity of the Zone they decentralize the

responsibility to respective woreda.

Table 2: Distribution and capacity of Small commercial Poultry farms in Borena Zone covered by the

assessment

7 Stocks includes both layers and male cocks for reproduction &meat

8 Hawe poultry farm is established by three university graduates.

Location Actors Capacity Feed source

Employment

Remark

Hatchery/month

Eggs/day Stock7

Yabello Hawe Poultry farm8 - - 143

Buying from Derezeit and locally

3 Started with 200 but lost 43 by disease in four months of operation time

Yabello Aynalem Taye farm - 80 105

Buying from Derezeit and locally

Family labor

now sold out all old hens planning to restock after the winter


13 | P a g e

Summary of Opportunities on Poultry Subsector

Poultry production is increasing as awareness of income and nutritional aspects is improving among

pastoralists and agro pastoralists communities.

In pastoralists and agro pastoralist areas it was taboo traditionally to eat chicken meat but recently the

trend is changing and the people around the town started to consume poultry products.

Mostly poor HH in community are keeping poultry, particularly women and students who are pursuing

their study in the town keep poultry in their families’ backyard to generate additional income. So, this is

encouraging sign to leverage on to address poor households nutrition and income deficit

The national veterinary institute in Debre Zeit produces millions of poultry vaccines and it can contribute

more in addressing vaccination shortage problems

Emergent of regionally commercial farms that can supply parent stock and 3-month-old chicks for SMEs

and Backyard producers

Progress of Construction of Harari Regional parent stock breeding center

Lessons from Interviewing SMEs in Borena Zone, Yabello Woreda

While conducting poultry EMMA in Yabello interesting lessons were learned for programming. In Yabello We have visited two private small poultry farms with distinct characteristics. These case studies can be assessed further to see what market solution PRIME intervention could do to address such cases or learn from it. Hawe Poultry Farm: This farm is established less than a year ago by three university graduates as part of GoE

program to create entrepreneurs. They are formally established as SME, obtained land and accessed 130,000 ETB credit as start- up capital from Oromia MFI. Then built relatively medium sized housing and bought 200 three-month-old layers (Bovan Breeds) with feed for one month from Debre Zeit Genesis Commercial Farm. The group was thinking 3-month-old chicks to lay eggs as soon as they have arrived. Apparently, none of the chickens started to lay eggs yet even four months after they are bought. In addition due to lack of vet service and electric power in their farm 43 chickens have dead so far and some of them become blind due to darkness. They said they have consulted with research centers and livestock agency what causes the delay of laying eggs, but couldn’t get the right cause and possible solutions but they suspect the quality of breed they purchased might be the reason. Currently, the group members run out of budget to feed the chickens and now back to job searching market and assume job in GoE office. From salary they are getting they are buying grain feed for chickens. The major challenge now they are facing is they got warning from OMFI to repay the loan they took according to the repayment schedule. But Hawe farm is in a brink of bankruptcy let alone to service their debt.

Aynalem Taye is a woman who has started poultry production in the cage system at the garden of her home six years ago. The capacity of her farm is 100+ and every two years bring 3-month-old layers from Debre Zeit retailers. She feed her poultry formulated feed buying from Alema Farm in Debre Zeit every time when her ISUZU truck has fleet in that route. She said using her own truck to transport feed makes transaction cost for feed to be low. Though there is no poultry drug & vet services she consulted veterinary technicians from GoE Vet clinics and treats sick chickens by giving smaller doses of cattle drugs. Every day from the farm up to 80 eggs are collected. These means every day on average she is getting from 160-240 birr. During our visits she was already sold out all old hens after two years due to decrease in production. Old hens were sold for meat purpose for consumers in a fair price. Aynalem is now planning to restock her farm with new breed after the rainy season is over. Although she is earning her well from poultry production, she still believes bringing breeds from Debre Zeit is the biggest challenge for her small business.


14 | P a g e

Summary of Challenges on Poultry Subsector

During this poultry EMMA many challenges have been identified and below are the main challenges

mentioned by actors and institutions

Big Commercial farms are based in Debre Zeit and this is very challenging to purchase and transport day-

old or 3-month-old chicken and poultry feed from Debre Zeit to other parts of the country especially to

pastoralists area

In a pastoralist areas institutionally poultry is neglected

Disease, lack of veterinary service and poultry drugs are critical treats to engage in poultry business

Lack of skill by backyard producers on importance of vaccination and poultry veterinary service

Inadequate poultry feed processing business in both clusters

Lack of regional breeding center in both clusters

Lack of means to control quality of improved breeds purchased from big commercial farms by regional

micro and small farms

Lack of research information on which breed is adaptable in pastorals area

Season calendar:

Demand for poultry production is hugely affected by season [see annex 8.2]. During holiday season there are

huge demand for live birds and eggs. And during rainy season supply will be low due to high disease

prevalence and lack of veterinary service lots of chickens die especially from backyard procurers.

Prediction of future poultry market system:

Despite the emergence of private farmers in pastoralist area still the market system is disrupted by NGO and

GoE when they act as market actors. However, with appropriate market based approaches the future

poultry market system can be led by private actors with limited involvement of GoE and NGO in the market

and GoE and NGO only act as market facilitators rather than market actors.

7. Main recommendations and conclusions Based on the findings of poultry EMMA that was conducted in Jijiga, Dire dawa, Harar, Haramaya, Yabello,

and Debre Zeit; here are recommendations for PRIME project, actors in the subsector and other

stakeholders.

Main Recommendations:

Establishing Regional Breeding center can expand commercializing and expansion of poultry

production at pastoralists and agro-pastoralist level. The regional pastoral area development offices

need to give attention and make this to happen

Strengthen and train Private Veterinary Pharmacies (PVP) and CAHWs to include poultry drugs in their

stocks and provide poultry veterinary service.

Work with public veterinary service providers and CAHWs to sensitize community and facilitate

awareness creation on the benefits of poultry production, feed and vet service

Encouraging and support more than one commercial poultry farm in each cluster that can play

significant role in supply of three-month-old chickens and processed poultry feed to communities and

SMEs


15 | P a g e

Strengthen the awareness level of community through private sector actors to upgrade the skill and

techniques of production and consumption (Nutritional aspect) of poultry in the market system

Sensitize the government for improving infrastructures in pastoralist areas and ease access to get

electricity, land and water etc. for private actors who are in the business and for new entrants.

Business coaching for small and medium poultry farms to rethink their business model and expand their

outreach and market to pastoralist areas

Facilitate training in collaboration with big commercial farms and institutes like NVI for SMEs who are

engaged in poultry business with less business and technical skill

Relevant government agencies should support in verifying the breeds brought from Hatcheries and big

farms for quality and viable breeds. Research centers should identify which breed is adaptable to the

pastoralist area

Projects need to work in a bilateral basis or PPP (public private partnership) with NIV to create

awareness on importance of vaccination for backyard producers and provide training to producer

group on importance of prevention of disease through vaccination

7.1 Conclusion:

The overall implication of findings of this assessment show that in poultry market system key actor’s

capacity and market linkages are not strong at both national and regional level. The awareness of the

pastoral community towards the poultry production and market system is negligible because of

appropriate promotion work is not carried out by the actors of the market system.

It was understood that poultry business at commercial level is not as simple as selling chickens and

collecting eggs. Before establishing the farm good input and output market research has to be made.

Which means availability of day old or three month chicken, vet service and, feed must be ensured to buy

down the risk before opening farm and made profitable business. No one should start commercial poultry

farm without adequate skill and expertise and deprived of ensuring availability of proper veterinary service

and feed in the locality.

Therefore, there is a need for intervention designed for improving backyard and commercial poultry market

system in pastoralist areas through integrated effort of public and private sector cooperation. Support the

establishing of breeding centers and leveraging on regional private commercial farm to improve the input

supply and market information of poultry production will be imperative. By so doing, it is possible to address

constraints on production technologies, input supply and product marketing systems along the poultry value

chain and possible to shift subsistence production to market-oriented production system.


16 | P a g e

8. Annexes 8.1. Response options:

Response Option Advantage Disadvantage

Feasibilities of proposed activities(High, Medium,& law)

Timing When should it start)

Strengthen linkage and integration of actors for sector development, business expansion and innovative capacity of poultry production

Ensure the development and sustainability of the supply chain of inputs and market linkages

Individuals interest variation

High 1

Facilitate the establishment and expansion of breeding center and commercial farm at pastoralists and agro-pastoralist area to improve availability of inputs

Improve the supply of inputs/ parent stock and livelihoods diversification

Business risks and sensitivity

Medium 2

Facilitate and strengthen private commercial farms, PVPs and CAHWs to get involve in poultry feed, equipment, drugs and house/ cages input business

Improve access and availability of inputs for small scale practitioners and diversify the source of income for vendors

Low turnover and seasonality of the Business

Medium 2

Organize exchange visit for poultry producers, vendors and practitioners into Commercial farms, Hatcheries, poultry multiplications and research centers.

Awareness creation and experience gaining of the actors in the business

Cost for the coordination and limited interest of individuals

High 1

Coordinate with government (GoE) to start and initiate inclusiveness of poultry disease preventative care and treatments in the regular government and private animal health service and extend advice on the need to employ regular poultry health care program

Enhance government to focus on the sector and include in annual plan animal health services Improve poultry preventative and health care

Limited awareness of Preventative health care and government staff commitment

Medium 3

Facilitate structuring and Strengthening the regulatory system of the sector to encourage private sector engagement and improve infrastructures of the sector

Enhance private engagement and sector development

GoE may not consider this due to Lack of budget

Low 3

Strengthen the awareness level of pastoral community through private sector actors to upgrade the skill, experience and techniques on the benefits of production, feed, hygienic , health care and managements of poultry to improve livelihood option by providing additional income and nutrition for HH

Increase and improve community involvement in the sector, management practice and consumption to improve nutritional aspect and gain additional income

Limited utilization of the gained knowledge by community

High

1

Facilitate Training in collaboration with big commercial farms and NVI for private small scale producers on the basic market research, production system, feed production , hygienic and managements

Improve the understanding the market and production systems, business expansion, risk analysis and business management

Individuals or actors interest business variation-

High 1


17 | P a g e

8.2. Seasonal Calendar

8.3. ‘Who Does Who Pays’ Matrix

SN. Function Now Future

Who does? Who Pays? Who does? Who Pays?

1 Extension Service and awareness creation

Government & NGO Donor/Government Government/Private sector

Government/Private sector

2 Improved breed supply

Private sector, Government & NGO

Private sector Donor/Government

Private sector, Private sector actors

3 Veterinary Service

- - PVPs / CAHWS Private sector actors

4 Feed supply Big Commercial farms SMES Big commercial farms and SMES

Private sector actors

5 Infrastructures development

Government Government/Donors Government Government/Donors

Karan Karan Haga

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar AprMay Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

1 Feed & Water (Avalblty)

3 Production Demand L L H H L L H H

5 Production Price L L H H L L H H

6 Disease prevalence H L L L L H L L L L L

2 Public-Holiday -DD H H H H H H H H

H H L L L L H H H L L L L H H L L H H

Deyr Jilal Gu HagaS/n Market System: Poultry

Jilal Haga

H H H H H H H H

Easten Cluster Southern Cluster

Dira/Gu

Seasonal Calendar : Poultry


18 | P a g e

8.3. List of Actors Contacted

SN

Name of Contact Person

Name of Business/Institution

Type of Business Mobile Region Woreda /City/town

1 Muyedin mohamed Somali Region LCRDO

Government Bureau Somali Jijiga

2 Hasses Abdurahman SoRPARI Research Institute 0915189064 Somali Jijiga

3 Mohamed Yasin Friends poultry production coop

Poultry production 0915072150 Somali Jijiga

4 Sefudin Tina cafeteria Cafeteria Somali Jijiga

5 Shambel - Collector 0911954349 Somali Jijiga

6 Hamdaile Miraiel Hamdail poultry farm

Small scale poultry farm

0911605539 Dire Dawa Dire Dawa

7 Ababit - Small scale dairy farm (ex-poultry)


8 Shewanadew Takele Pioneer Urban Agriculture

Integrated urban agric. Farm


9 Birhanu Getu - Collectors 0915005437 Dire Dawa Dire Dawa

10 Tarekegn Abegaz - Collectors 0934231341 Dire Dawa Dire Dawa

11 Yeshi Shiferaw - Collectors Dire Dawa Dire Dawa

12 Aynalem Legesse - Collectors Dire Dawa Dire Dawa

13 Worke Birhanu Rita Super Market Super market 0251113123 Dire Dawa Dire Dawa

14 Fekadu Mengesha Adele commercial poultry farm

Commercial poultry farm

0913861851 Haramaya Adele

15 Murad Abdule Afrekello Union Cooperative Union 0912064825 Haramaya Haramaya

16 Minayu Nega Haramaya University

University 0913857209 Haramaya Haramaya

17 Dr.Mohammed Ruduwan

Harari BOA GoE Agency Harari Harar

18 Dereje Mulugeta Mulugeta and Sons Poultry farm

Commercial Poultry Harari Harar

19 Dr. Dereje Teshome Yabello Research center

Research institute 0910395766 Oromia Yabello

20 Birhanu Bekele Yabello Research center

Research institute 0928030958 Oromia Yabello

21 Dr. Driba Yabelo TVET TVET 0917090912 Oromia Yabello

2 Wendu Gelgelo Hawe Poultry farm Small scale poultry farm

0912275078 Oromia Yabello

23 Aynalem Taye - Small scale poultry farm

Oromia Yabello

24 Dr. Bula Mengesha Borena Zone Livestock Agency

GoE Agency 0926619382 Oromia Yabello

25 Solomon Takele Borena Zone Livestock Agency

GoE Agency 0911707864 Oromia Yabello

26 Dr. Marta NVI Commercial vaccine production

0911510894 Oromia Debre Zeit

27 Mesfin Tadesse NVI `` 0912140436 Oromia Debre Zeit

28 Almaz Ayele Almaz Poultry farm Commercial poultry production

0911223349 Oromia Debre Zeit

29 Sisay Dessie Genesis farm Commercial farm 0912230284 0114333767

Oromia Debre Zeit

Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) of Poultry in ... · For this assessment Emergency...

Documents

Transcript of Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) of Poultry in ... · For this assessment Emergency...