Emergency Landslide Mitigation & Restoration of US Hwy 441 ... · Emergency Landslide Mitigation &...
Transcript of Emergency Landslide Mitigation & Restoration of US Hwy 441 ... · Emergency Landslide Mitigation &...
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Emergency Landslide Mitigation & Restoration of
US Hwy 441 - GRSM
Mounir Abouzakhm, PEMohammed Elias, Ph.D., PE
Martin Hatcher, PEFederal Highway Administration
Eastern Federal Lands Highways Division
2016 Geohazard in Transportation Forum
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Landslide Location
Scenic road between the towns of Gatlinburg, TN & Cherokee, NC
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US Hwy 441 Landslide
January 16, 2013
Washed away a stretch of 250 feet.
Triggered by heavy rainfall (9”)
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Site Reconnaissance
January 16 - 21, 2013EFLHD visited the site, completed the survey and initial geotechnical investigation.
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Site Reconnaissance
Abandoned road above the failed slope
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Site Reconnaissance
Snow storm following the slope failure
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Contracting Methods
Phase I – Emergency (letter) contract
Phase II – Permanent Repair
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Phase I Contract
Emergency (Letter) Contract Remove debris Establish temporary access roads Place rock base
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Phase II Contract
Permanent Repair Fast and practical design Fast Construction Competent contractor with a proven record of
success
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Phase II Contract
2 Step Bidding Process– Step 1 - Request for Technical Proposals
Released January 28, 2013 12 contractors submitted proposals 5 firms found technically acceptable
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Phase II Contract
2 Step Bidding Process– Step 2 – Advertisement of PS&E
February 7, 2013 Advertisement February 15, 2013 Bids Opened February 20, 2013 Project Award
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Phase I – Emergency Contract
January 28, 2013 A letter contract issued to remove slide debris, construct temporary access roads and place base stone to bridge soft soils.
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Phase I – Emergency Contract
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Subsurface Conditions
Subsurface conditions exposed during Phase I construction
South side
West side
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Subsurface Conditions
Test pits Soil borings (24-35 ft)
Test pit
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Subsurface ConditionsBorings drilled at the top and bottom of failed slope
Bottom Boring
Top Boring
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Subsurface Conditions
Cobbles & boulders (fill)
Bottom Boring
Residual soils/N = 12 to >50 bpf
EL 3230
EL 3195
EL 3225
Auger refusal
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Subsurface ConditionsTop Boring
Residual soils/N = 25 to >50 bpfEL 3266
EL 3273
EL 3290
EL 3270
Sandy SILT-Silty SAND/N= 3 to 8 bpf
Auger refusal
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Typical as-built plan along NFG
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What triggered the failure?
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What triggered the failure
Heavy rain (9”) Steep slope Presence of springs and surfaced runoffs Failure of the subdrainage system
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Design Analysis
Reinforced Soil Slope (RSS)– Layers of geogrid and granular backfill
Drainage System– Subsurface Drainage– Surface Runoff
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RSS Advantages
Fast-track construction Simple Offers flexible design and construction Cost effective Integrates well with the park landscape
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RSS Typical Cross-section
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Phase II- RSS Construction
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Phase II Construction
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Phase II Construction
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Lessons Learned
Work with the community and respond to their needs
Incentives can be a powerful tool Use of crushed stone/select granular material
(SGM)
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Respond to the community needs
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Incentives
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Use of Crushed Stone/SGM
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Highway 441 Landslide90 DAYS – Landslide to Repair