Emergency Incident Management Unit 6 Chapter 13 1.
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Transcript of Emergency Incident Management Unit 6 Chapter 13 1.
Emergency Incident Management
Unit 6
Chapter 13
1
Introduction
• Incident Action Plans
• Strategy, Tactics & Tasks
• Size up
• Building Construction
• ICS Overview
2
Objectives
• Explain the need for a plan at every incident• Differentiate between offensive, defensive,
and transition modes of attack• Explain the need for organized thought
processes in incident assessment• Describe the strategic priorities at an incident• Explain the terms strategy, tactics, and tasks
3
Objectives (con’t.)
• Explain the need for size-up of an incident• Explain how a size-up is performed and what
information must be communicated• Describe the NIIMS Incident Command
System• Explain the need for unified command on a
multijurisdictional incident
4
Management Responsibility
• First-in officer initiates the plan• All firefighters at scene must:
– Remain alert
– Be aware of the plan and the hazards present
• Standard rule– “Victims do not arrive at the scene in fire
trucks”
5
Fireground Operations & Terminology
• Great deal of confusion– Too many “experts” going off in different
directions– Too much terminology that is very similar
• Strategy• Strategic objectives• Strategic priorities• Attack modes• Tactics• Tactical objectives 6
Fireground Operations
• Simplify:– There are 3 levels of decisions/actions
• Strategic• Tactical• Task
– Who functions at each level? • Strategic - Chief• Tactical - Company Officer• Task - Firefighters 7
Incident Planning
• Every incident must have a plan– No plan = incident out of control
• May not realize it, but we make plans w/o thinking• IAP = Incident Action Plan
– More complex incidents require more complex plans
• cf. Dumpster fire v. train derailment with hazmat release requiring mass evacuation
8
Incident Planning for the Desk-Top Commander
• Step 1 in Incident Action Plan
• Establish goals (strategic objectives)
• Step 2 in IAP development:• Determine strategies to accomplish objectives• What are strategies?
– Attack modes
9
Incident Planning for the Desk-Top Commander
• Step 3 in Incident Action Plan development:– Determine tactics
10
Attack Modes (Strategies)
• Offensive –Aggressive, direct interior attack
• Defensive –Protecting exposures, indirect or exterior attack
• Combination –• Using different modes on different areas of the
incident• Carefully coordinate to avoid conflicting tactics• Requires clear communication
11
Attack Modes
• Besides “Combination” mode there are:– Marginal– Offensive-Defensive– Defensive-Offensive
• Why bother making the distinction between modes?– Every FF on scene must know what mode
is being used and perform accordingly12
Strategic Priorities
Developed by Lloyd Layman• Rescue• Exposures• Confinement• Extinguishment• Overhaul• Salvage • Ventilation
13
Strategic Priorities • RECEO SV
• Rescue– This is first strategic priority.– “May have to be delayed while hose lines
are placed between victims and fire”• Is this statement correct?????• Placing hose lines may be one way of attending
to our strategic priority of “Rescue”14
Strategic Priorities
• Exposures– Prevent fire from spreading to adjoining
structures or improvements– How do we do this?
• Play water on the exposure
• Confinement– Attack from unburned toward burned– Cut off spread of fire
15
Strategic priorities
• Extinguishment– Overcome BTU’s produced– Fire flow formulas
• 1 lb of wood = 8000 BTU’s• 1 lb of plastic = 16,000 BTU’s
• Overhaul– Search for hidden fire– Make sure all fire is out
16
Strategic priorities
• Salvage– Save contents– May be concurrent with other operations
• Ventilation– May have to happen before any of the
other priorities are attempted– Use when necessary
17
Tactics
Methods to accomplish strategy• Interior search (team search)• Laying supply lines (forward or reverse)• Advancing hose lines to seat of fire• Ventilate roof to release smoke and heat• Spreading salvage covers, building chutes
or removing property
18
Tasks
Individual jobs performed• Force a door• Don SCBA• Advance hose lines• Raise (throw) ladders• Cut holes• Operate equipment
19
Size up
• Ongoing mental process that results in a plan• Components
– Facts– Probabilities
• Function of experience & training
– Situation– Decision – Plan of operation (IAP)
20
Size up
• Continues as operations are carried out because situation is constantly changing
• Always critique incidents afterward– Look for what went right– Look for what went wrong
• Don’t make the same mistakes twice
21
Construction Types
• Indicated by Roman numerals– Type I: Non combustible – Fire resistive – Type II: Non combustible– Type III: Ordinary construction– Type IV: Heavy Timber or Mill– Type V: Wood Frame construction
• May also have additional information• Type IV 2 hour rating
• Type IV unprotected 22
• Correct location
• Size
• Fuel type
• Slope and aspect
• Rate of spread
Size up wildland
23
Size up – wildland
• Exposures in path
• Potential
• Additional resources needed
• Objectives
24
Size up structure
• Correct location
• Height/stories
• Size
• Type of structure (Construction)
• Location and area involved
25
Size up – structure
• Exposures
• Additional resources needed
• Your actions
• Obtain an “all clear”
26
Incident Command System
• National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS)– Developed by National Wildfire Coordinating
Group– National Interagency Fire Qualification System
• Qualification, training, and certification of personnel– Took FIRESCOPE ICS– Built a training & credentialing system around it
27
Incident command system
• ICS based on the “6 Principles of Command” (Ch. 7)
• Provides a basic organizational structure for all types of emergencies– Large or small incidents– Simple or complex in nature
28
Incident command systemComponents of the ICS
• Common terminology- Uses clear text – no “10-codes”
- No “agency specific” terms
• Modular organization- Expands and contracts in a logical manner- Use only what you need
29
Incident command system• Integrated communications
- Uses common radio channels
• Unified command structure- Regardless of jurisdiction or function- All stakeholders participate in strategic
decisions• Consolidated action plans
- Unified objectives30
Incident command system• Manageable span of control
- 3 to 7 with 5 optimum
- Pre-designated incident facilities- Command Post- Staging- Base
31
Incident command system
• Comprehensive resource management- All agencies resources are pooled- All report to a common staging area and are
considered incident assets- Example: Providence, East Prov. & No. Prov. All
go to Smithfield for a major incident- Each agency will use same staging area
- Single resource
- Strike team
- Task Force 32
Incident command system
Resource status• Assigned: in use at the incident• Available: able to respond in 3 minutes or
less• Out-of-service: not ready for immediate
deployment. Still subject to recall to available status. Does not mean mechanical failure.
33
Command staff
L IA IS O N O F F IC E R S A F E TY O F F IC E R IN F O R M A TIO N O F F IC E R
IN C ID E N T C O M M A N D E R
34
General staff
O P E R A TIO N SC H IE F
P L A N SC H IE F
L O G IS TIC SC H IE F
F IN A N C EC H IE F
IN C ID E N TC O M M A N D E R
35
Operations section
S TA G IN G
D IV IS IO N S G R O U P S S IN G L E R E S O U R C E S
B R A N C H (E S )
O P E R A TIO N S C H IE F
36
Planning section
R E S O U R C E SU N IT
S ITU A TIO NU N IT
D O C U M E N TA TIO NU N IT
D E M O B IL IZ A TIO NU N IT
TE C H N IC A LS P E C IA L IS TS
P L A N SC H IE F
37
Logistics section
S U P P L YU N IT
F A C IL ITIE SU N IT
G R O U N D S U P P O R TU N IT
S U P P O R TB R A N C H
C O M M U N IC A TIO N SU N IT
M E D IC A LU N IT
F O O DU N IT
S E R V IC EB R A N C H
L O G IS TIC SC H IE F
38
Finance section
TIM EU N IT
P R O C U R E M E N TU N IT
C O M P E N S A TIO N /C L A IM SU N IT
C O S TU N IT
F IN A N C EC H IE F
39
Simple command structure
E N G IN E 1 E N G IN E 2 TR U C K 1
IN C ID E N TC O M M A N D E R
40
Divisions/groups
Divisions are geographic.• Floor, area, etc.
Groups are functional.• Rescue, ventilation, salvage, etc.
41
Multi-story structure
D IV IS IO N 1(F IR S T F L O O R )
D IV IS IO N 2(S E C O N D F L O O R )
D IV IS IO N 3(TH IR D F L O O R )
IN C ID E N TC O M M A N D E R
42
Incident command system
Incident type sections added • Hazmat• Multi-casualty incident (MCI)• Urban search and rescue (US&R)• High-rise
Sections have organizational structures and position descriptions.
43
Unified Command
• Fire Department may not be in charge of all incidents that they respond to– Police incidents - police are in charge– Multi-Jurisdictional incidents
• We don’t establish our own command structure– We work within the existing command structure
• Unified Command Concept - all “players” have a say– Meet in CP or EOC – Jointly develop the IAP
44