Emergency During Indira Gandhi

8/3/2019 Emergency During Indira Gandhi

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The Indian Emergency of

25 June 1975 21 March 1977


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PRESENTED BY


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25 June 1975 21 March 1977

The Indian Emergencywas a 21-month period,when PresidentFakhruddin Ali Ahmed,upon advice by PrimeMinister Indira Gandhi,declared a state ofemergency

It is one of the mostcontroversial times inthe history ofindependent India.


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Background


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The Allahabad Conviction

Raj Narain lodged cases of election fraud and useof state machinery for election purposes againstMrs. Indira Gandhi.

On 12 June 1975, Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of theAllahabad High Court found the Prime Ministerguilty.

Banned her from contesting election for six years

Primary reason for the imposition of emergency


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Declaration of Emergency

Siddharth Sankar Ray proposedthe imposition of "internalemergency".

There is an imminent danger tothe security of India beingthreatened by internal

disturbances.

He showed how democratic

freedom could be suspendedwhile remaining within the ambit


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The Emergency Administration

Indira granted herself extraordinary powers andlaunched a massive crackdown on civil libertiesand political opposition

She utilized the President to issue extraordinary

laws

Supreme Court of India ordered that, although theConstitution is subject to amendment, changesthat are ultra vires to its basic structure cannot be

made by the Parliament of India.


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Sikh Opposition

The Sikh leadership convened meetings in Amritsar to opposethe fascist tendency of the Congress

They come out in large numbers each month on the day of the

new moon, symbolizing the dark night of Indian democracy, tocourt arrest.

140,000 people had been arrested without trial of them 40,000

had come from 2% Sikh minority.


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Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

RSS with its large organizational base, which wasclose to opposition leaders was seen potential oforganizing protests against the Government, wasalso banned.

The RSS defied the ban and thousands participatedin Satyagraha

The movement was "dominated by tens of thousandsof RSS cadres, though more and more young recruitsare coming".


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Elections of 1977

On Jan 23, 1977, Indira Gandhi called freshelections for March and released all

political prisoners.

The Janata movement's warned Indians to

choose between democracy anddictatorship.

Many Congress Party loyalists desertedIndira,

who herself lost her constituency seat.


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The Debate Over ItsLegacy

Indira's Emergency rule lasted 21 months

Some have argued that India badly needed economicrecovery after the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war hadstrained the exchequer.

Others have argued that Indira's 20-point economic

program increased agricultural production,manufacturing activity, exports and foreign reserves.

Communal Hindu-Muslim riots, which had re-surfacedin the 1960s and 1970s, reduced in intensity, leading

to increased productivity.


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Charges Against The Government

Detention of people by police without charge ornotification of families

Abuse and torture of detainees and political prisoners

Use of public and private media institutions

Forced sterilization of men and women under thefamily planning initiative

Destruction of the slum and low-income housing inthe Turkmen Gate and Jama Masjid area of old Delhi.

Large scale and illegal enactment of laws (includingmodifications to the Constitution) which shifted thecountry towards socialism.


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Emergency During Indira Gandhi

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