DRUG

EMERGENCY DRUGS

DRUGCLASSIFICATIONUSESTOCK DOSENURSING CONSIDERATION

Generic Name: EPHINEPHRINE

Brand Name:

ADRENALIN Alpha/Beta Agonist

Antidote

Ophthalmic Agent

Anti-glaucoma Treatment of bronchospasm, anaphylactic reactions, cardiac arrest, management of open-angle glaucoma Injection: Adrenalin: 0.01 mg/mL [1:100,000] (5 mL); 0.1 mg/mL [1:10,000] (3 mL, 10 mL); 1 mg/mL [1:1000] (1 mL, 2 mL, 30 mL)

Rapid IV infusion may cause death from cerebro-vascular hemorrhage or cardiac arrhythmias.

Monitor heart rate, BP, site of infusion for blanching, extravasations.

Generic Name: AMINOPHYLLINE Theophylline Derivative Bronchodilator in reversible airway obstruction due to asthma or COPD; increase diaphragmatic contractility; neonatal idiopathic apnea of prematurity. Injection, IV: 25mg/ml (10 ml, 20 ml) Liquid, oral: 105 mg/5ml (240 ml)

Tablet: 100 mg, 200 mg Avoid I.M. injection, too painful; do not inject IV solution faster than 25 mg/minute. Encourage patient to drink adequate fluids to decrease mucous viscosity in airway.

Monitor vital signs

Generic Name: ATROPHINE

SULFATE Anti-cholinergic agent; Antispasmodic Agent, Gastrointestinal; Ophthalmic Agent Preoperative medication to inhibit salivation and secretions; antidote for organophosphate pesticide poisoning; treatment of sinus bradycardia; treatment of exercise-induced bronchospam. Injection, as sulfate: 0.1 mg/mL (5 mL, 10 mL); 0.3 mg/mL (1 mL, 30 mL); 0.4 mg/mL (1 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL); 0.5 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL, 30 mL); 0.8 mg/mL (0.5 mL, 1 mL); 1 mg/mL (1 mL, 10 mL) Tablet, as sulfate: 0.4 mg

Ointment, ophthalmic, as sulfate: 0.5%, 1% (3.5 g) Administer undiluted by rapid IV injection; slow injection may result in paradoxical bradycardia. Monitor hear rate, BP, pulse, mental status.

IV administration requires a cardiac monitor

Provide safety measures, it may cause drowsiness and restlessness

Observe for tachycardia if patient has cardiac problems

Generic Name: CAPTOPRILBrand Name: CAPOTEN Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Management of hypertension; treatment of congestive heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy Tablet: 12.5 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Anaphylactic reactions can occur. Angio-edema can occur at any time during treatment. Careful blood pressure monitor with first dose. Watch for hypotension effect within 1-3 hours of first dose or new higher dose

Generic Name: CLONIDINE

Brand Name: CATAPRES Alpha2 Agonist Management of mild to moderate hypertension; either used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive Injection, preservative free, as hydrochloride: 100 mcg/ml (10 ml)

Patch, transdermal, as hydrochloride: 1, 2, and 3 (0.1, 0.2, .3 mg/day, 7-day duration)

Tablet, as hydrochloride: 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.3 mg

Monitor blood pressure, standing/sitting/supine, respiratory rate and depth, pain relief, mental status, heat rate (bradycardia may be treated with atropine) Provide security measures because it causes drowsiness

Generic Name: IPRATROPIUM & ALBUTEROLBrand Name: COMBIVENT Bronchodilator Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in those patents that are currently on a regular bronchodilator who continue to have broncho-spasms and require a second bronchodilator Aerosol: Ipratropium bromide 18 mcg and albuterol sulfate 103 mcg per actuation [200 doses] (14.7 g)

Monitor signs of rapid respiration

Generic Name:HYDROCORTISONE

Brand Name: SOLU-CORTEF Corticosteroid Management of adrenocortical insufficiency; relief of inflammation of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses; adjunctive treatment of ulcerative colitis Injection, suspension: 25 mg/mL (5 mL, 10 mL); 50 mg/mL (5 mL, 10 mL)

Injection, I.M./I.V./S.C.: 50 mg/mL (2 mL, 10 mL) : 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg

Tablet, oral: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg

Monitor BP IV bolus: Dilute to 50 mg/ml and administered over 3-5 minutes

Generic Name: WARFARIN

Brand Name: COUMADIN Anticoagulant Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism; prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction Powder for injection, as sodium, lyophilized: 2 mg, 5 mg

Tablet, as sodium: 1 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg

Should not be given in close proximity to other drugs because absorption may be decreased. Avoid all IM injections

Generic Name: DIAZEPAM

Brand Name: DIASTAT

VALIUM Benzodi azepine Management of anxiety disorders; alcohol withdrawal symptoms; skeletal muscle relaxant; convulsive disorders Injection: 5 mg/mL (1 mL, 2 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL)

Tablet: 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg

Protect parenteral dosage from light Do not mix with other medications

Monitor respiratory rate, heart rate, BP with IV use

Provide safety measures (i.e., side rails, night light, call button; supervise ambulation

Generic Name: DIPHENHYDRAMINEBrand Name: BENADRYL Antihistamine Symptomatic relief of allergic symptoms caused by histamine release which include nasal allergies and allergic dermatosis; Injection, as hydrochloride: 10 mg/mL (10 mL, 30 mL); 50 mg/mL (1 mL, 10 mL)

Tablet/Capsule, as hydrochloride: 25 mg, 50 mg

Syrup, as hydrochloride: 12.5 mg/5 mL (5 mL, 120 mL, 240 mL, 480 mL, 3780 mL)

Raise bed rails, institute safety measures, assist with ambulation

Generic Name: DOPAMINEBrand Name: INTROPIN Adrenergic agonist agent Adjunct in the treatment of shock (i.e., MI, open heart surgery, renal failure, cardiac decompensation, etc) which persists after adequate fluid volume replacement Infusion, as hydrochloride, in D5W: 0.8 mg/mL (250 mL, 500 mL); 1.6 mg/mL (250 mL, 500 mL); 3.2 mg/mL (250 mL, 500 mL) Injection, as hydrochloride: 40 mg/mL (5 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL); 80 mg/mL (5 mL, 20 mL); 160 mg/mL (5 mL) Protect from light; solution that are darker than slightly yellow should not be used Monitor BP and heart rate

Generic Name: HEPARIN

Anticoagulant Prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders Single-dose vial injection:

Beef lung source: 1000 units/mL (1 mL); 5000 units/mL (1 mL); 10,000 units/mL (1 mL); 20,000 units/mL (1 mL); 40,000 units/mL (1 mL) Monitor signs of bleeding Do not administer IM due to pain, irritation and hematoma formation

Generic Name: ISOSORBIDE DINITRATEBrand Name: ISORDIL

DILATRATE

SORBITRATE Vasodilator Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris; for congestive heart failure; to relieve pain, dysphagia, and spam in esophageal spasm with GE reflux Capsule, sustained release: 40 mg

Chewable: 5 mg, 10 mg

Oral: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg

Sublingual: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg

Sustained release: 40 mg Report acute headache, rapid heartbeat Provide safety measure, it may cause drowsiness and restlessness

Generic Name: LIDOCAINE

Brand Name: XYLOCAINE

LIDODERM Analgesic, Topical

Anti arrhythmic Agent

Local Anesthetic Local anesthetic and acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias from myocardial infarction, cardiac manipulation, digitalis intoxication; topical local anesthetic I.M.: 10% [100 mg/mL] (3 mL, 5 mL)

Direct I.V.: 1% [10 mg/mL] (5 mL, 10 mL); 20 mg/mL (5 mL)

Liquid, as hydrochloride, viscous: 2% (20 mL, 100 mL) Lidocaine injection is stable at room temperature

Constant EKG monitoring is necessary during IV administration.

Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of CNS toxicity (confusion, seizures, respiratory arrest)

Generic Name: MANNITOL

Diuretic, Osmotic Reduction of increased intracranial pressure associated with cerebral edema; promotion of diuresis in the prevention and/or treatment of oliguria or anuria due to acute renal failure; reduction of increases intraocular pressure; promoting urinary excretion of toxic substances; genitourinary irrigant in transurethral prostatic resection of other transurethral surgical procedures Injection: 5% [50 mg/mL] (1000 mL); 10% [100 mg/mL] (500 mL, 1000 mL); 15% [150 mg/mL] (150 mL, 500 mL); 20% [200 mg/mL] (150 mL, 250 mL, 500 mL); 25% [250 mg/mL] (50 mL)

Solution, urogenital: 0.54% [5.4 mg/mL] (2000 mL) Should be stored at room temperature and protected from freezing Monitor I and O

Generic Name: NALOXONEBrand Name: NARCAN Antidote Complete or partial reversal of opiod depression, including respiratory depression, induced by natural and synthetic opiods. Adjunctive agent to increase blood pressure in the management of septic shock Injection, as hydrochloride: 0.4 mg/mL (1 mL, 2 mL, 10 mL); 1 mg/mL (2 mL, 10 mL)

Injection, neonatal, as hydrochloride: 0.02 mg/mL (2 mL)

Protect from light Endotracheal: Dilute to 1-2 ml with normal saline

Iv push: Administer over 30 seconds as undiluted preparation

IV infusion: Dilute to 4 mcg/ml in D5W or normal saline

Monitor respiratory rate, heart rate and BP

Generic Name: NICARDIPINE

Calcium Channel Blocker Management of essential hypertension Caplet: 20 mg, 30 mg

Sustained release: 30 mg, 45 mg, 60 mg

Injection: 2.5 mg/mL (10 mL) Monitor closely for orthostasis

Measure blood pressure 8 hours after dosing

Ampoules must be diluted before use

Generic Name: NITROGLYCERINBrand Name: TRANSDERMAL -NTGPATCH Vasodilator Treatment of angina pectoris; IV for congestive heart failure (especially when associated with acute myocardial infarction); pulmonary hypertension; hypertensive emergencies occurring preoperatively (especially during cardiovascular surgery) Injection: 0.5 mg/mL (10 mL); 0.8 mg/mL (10 mL); 5 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL); 10 mg/mL (5 mL, 10 mL)

Injection, solution in D5W: 25 mg (250 mL), 50 mg (250 mL, 500 mL), 100 mg (250 mL), 200 mg (500 mL)

Patch, transdermal, topical: Systems designed to deliver 0.1 mg/hr, 0.2 mg/hr, 0.4 mg/hr, 0.6 mg/hr, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mg NTG over 24 hours Monitor blood pressure and heart rate IV must be prepared in glass bottles and use special sets intended for nitroglycerin

Clean skin before administering patches

Generic Name: PROMETHAZINEBrand Name: PHENERGANAnti emetic Symptomatic treatment of various allergic conditions; anti emetic; motion sickness; sedative; analgesic adjunct for control of postoperative pain Injection, as hydrochloride: 25 mg/mL (1 mL, 10 mL); 50 mg/mL (1 mL, 10 mL)

Tablet, as hydrochloride: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg

Protect from light and freezing Avoid SC administration, promethazine is a chemical irritation which may produce necrosis

Avoid IV use, if necessary may dilute to a maximum concentration of 25 mg/ml and infuse at a maximum rate of 25 mg/minute

Provide additional safety measures, for it may cause drowsiness

TETANUS TOXOIDToxoid Selective induction of active immunity against tetanus in selected patients Injection, adsorbed:

Tetanus 10 Lf units per 0.5 mL dose (0.5 mL, 5 mL) Refrigerate, do not freeze

Inject Intramuscularly in the area of vastus lateralis (midthigh laterally) or deltoid

TETANUS ANTITOXINAntitoxin Tetanus prophylaxis or treatment of active tetanus only when tetanus immune globulin is not available. Sensitivity teasting should be conducted in all individuals regardless of clinical history.

Refrigerate, do not freeze

Generic Name: KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Brand Name: TORADOLNonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent (NSAID) Short-term management of pain Injection: 15 mg/mL (1 mL); 30 mg/mL (1 mL, 2 mL)

Solution, ophthalmic: 0.5% (5 mL)

Tablet: 10 mg Monitor for signs of pain relief

Sensitivity testing should be conducted

Generic Name: TRANEXAMIC ACIDAnti hemophilic Agent Short term use to reduce or prevent hemorrhage Injection: 100 mg/mL (10 mL)

Tablet: 500 mg May be given by direct I.V. injection at a maximum rate of 100 mg/minute